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Moreover, the coated materials exhibit unique optical, electrical, and catalytic properties.
The mechanical properties (e.g. hardness, adhesion to the substrate, internal stresses) as well as electronic properties (optical gap and conduction behavior) may be pre-determined to a certain extent by varying the sp3/sp2 bonding ratio [18].
DLC exhibits repellent properties towards microorganisms which may affect biofilm architecture such as including superhydrophobic low surface energy material [19].
Furthermore, it has been reported that DLC possess antibacterial and antifungal properties [49-51].
Unlike previously published data, all these factors were studied carefully, and all prospective variables were taken in to consideration.

Introduction Graphene, the new star in the carbon family materials, has attracted much attention because of its extraordinary electronic transport properties, thermodynamic stability and mechanical stiffness [1].
The outstanding properties of graphene render it another promising material option for electronics applications, especially in field-effect transistors (FETs) and transparent electrode [2].
Choose of transition metal as growth substrate is also very important because it could largely affect the number of graphene layers and produced defects [6].
Besides that, accurately controlling growth time is another key factor to determine the number of graphene layers[14].
In this report, a comprehensive parametric study of the synthesis parameters (including different transition metal substrate and growth time) affecting the growth of graphene has been carried out by employing CVD with liquid as carbon resource precursor.

HE Ying-jie [6] has systematic study of affecting factors of deformation of conjunction bolts by means of structural model tests of pipe-plate junction with a full scale used for simulating the line of shield-tunneling.
Meanwhile, some scholars studied the mechanical properties of joint by 3D finite element joint model [7-11], and some internal force calculation formulas of joints were brought.
Some study show that [12], the frictional factor of rubber sealing gasket is 0.83, when there is not lubricant on the rubber surface.
According to the above research results, it establishes coulomb Contact friction model with 0.83 frictional factors on the tangential orientation between segments joint.
The loop bolts improve the global property of shield tunnel.

Introduction Compared with casting magnesium alloys, wrought magnesium alloys have higher mechanical strength, better ductility and more varied mechanical properties.
Simultaneously, the lower strength under high temperature and creep properties restrict the application of magnesium alloys in high temperature occasion.
The same simulated parameters were used to analyze the differences of mechanics properties, flow rule and temperature between traditional extrusion and thixo-extrusion processes.
The friction model was constant shearing stress model, whose friction factor was 0.65.
Distribution of temperature influenced the stress distribution of workpiece, which affected the local deformation resistance, and also influenced the distribution of strain and deformation fluidity.

It is the functional liquid material which exhibit normal liquid behavior coupled with magnetic properties.
Currently, viscosity characteristics of the ferrofluid reflect its rheological properties which are very useful and can be applied to many applications.
Researchers believe that the factors influencing the viscosity of ferrofluid are pH, surfactant, solid content, particle size and temperature.
Temperature model correlated with change of the behavior of ferrofluid was build and it was strongly shown that the temperature is one of the factors that change the viscosity.
In our opinion, thickness of the coating layer was increased with the increasing of oleic acid and for that reason the ferrofluid properties are affected.

GH4169 alloy possesses above excellent mechanical properties from room temperature to 650 oC, good process ability, therefore, it has been widely used in aero engine and aircraft fasteners [1-5].
But the study and report on the relaxation properties of GH4169, are still relatively rare.
Considering all these factors comprehensively, the relaxation stability coefficient S is put forward to quantify relaxation stability.
The value of sth is calculated by a specific stress relaxation curve, so it will be affected by many factors that influence the stress relaxation test, including the temperature, the initial stress, initial strain and so on.
Under the combined effect of various factors, the relaxation stability of GH4169 alloy was improved by increasing the initial stress.

Therefore, pretreatments are favorable to improve physical properties, chemical compositions and heating value.
Torrefaction has been used to improve biomass properties with expectation of better conversion processes.
The combined pretreatments could improve the properties of pretreated corn stalks and quality of the pyrolysis products.
Proximate and ultimate analysis of untreated bagasse [16] Proximate analysis %weight Ultimate analysis %weight Moisture Content 50.73 C 21.33 Volatile Matters 41.98 H 3.06 Fixed Carbon 16.90 O 23.29 Ash 1.43 N 0.12 S 0.03 In torrefaction, there are many factors affecting the final product quality such as reactor, heating supply, process conditions.
However, at 250˚C, the light volatile matters were not completely released to achieve better properties.

These advanced materials are broadly applied in the aerospace industry due to their excellent mechanical properties.
In fact, the chip thickness (or shear plane angle) depends on different properties of materials and different conditions of machining.
Discussion of the main influencing factors of serrated chip formation The properties of workpiece material always play a key role in the chip formation.
In general, the materials with high hardness and low thermal physical properties, such as heat-treated alloy steels, titanium alloys and super alloys, can form serrated chips in a wide range of cutting speed.
In order to determine the most critical factors, we have quantitatively analyzed the influences of most principal cutting parameters by a series of finite element simulation and result comparison.

Chivavibul et al. [65] systematically studied the effects of both carbide size and Co content on the mechanical properties of the coatings.
These measured mechanical properties were discussed with the help of microstructures of the coatings investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.
Finally, the hardness of the binder phase in these coatings was estimated to range from 1000 to 1300 HV by applying the mixture rule for composites to the experimental data, demonstrating that such hardening of the binder phase is a key factor affecting the mechanical properties of the coatings.
Shinoda, Effects of Carbide Size and Co Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of HVOF-Sprayed WC-Co Coatings.
Effects of carbide size and Co content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HVOF-sprayed WC-Co coatings.

Due to their outstanding flame retardant properties, good thermal stabilities and cheap prices, the global demand for PBDEs has been growing rapidly since the 1970s, especially in recent years [2].
Evidences show that PBDEs can affect neurodevelopment, neurobehavior and thyroid hormone regulation in exposed animals and individuals [5].
Because of their excellent properties of flexibility, lightweight, durability, easy shaping and diversified colors, plastics are extensively used in EEE and play out its advantages in the design stage.
Deteriorating mechanical properties of plastics may increase the recycling difficulty due to oxidative degradation during service time [43].
The estimated emission factors of PBDEs from WEEE plastics in wastewater and/or flue gas during the recycle process and waste incineration in Japan ranged from 8×10-9 to 5×10-6, from 1.0×10-7 to 1.8×10-6, respectively [28].