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Recent Developments in Treatment of Chromium-contaminated Wastewater by Starch-based Adsorbents Xing Wanga, Chuanshan Zhub,*, Congzhi Chenc, Hong Zhangd, Dan Wange and Yingyuan Maf School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China a664976508@qq.com, bzhuchunshan@sohu.com, cchencongzhi@haut.edu.cn, dhgxzcs@163.com, e124154142@qq.com, f164712914@qq.com *Corresponding author Keywords: Starch; Adsorption; Chromium removal.
The adsorption capacity of starch-grafting acrylic was influenced not only by its structure but also by the medium pH and absorption time, etc.
The three-dimensional network structure of CSM is favorable to formation of multipoint complexation when metal ions go deep into its pores.
The literature data show that the sorption capacity, specificity and adsorption kinetics are mainly influenced by chemical structure and composition of the starch-based material, and also by the accessibility of chelating or complexing groups.
The exploitation of more kinds of starch derivates should be noticed; crosslinked starch microspheres with three-dimensional network structure and poriferous property may have promising benefits for heavy metal removing.

The advent of new technology has a tremendous influence on future industrial development and involves machinery, electronics, chemistry, physics, optics, biology, materials and other related subjects.
In fact, accelerometer is a mechanical sensor constructed by polysilicon surface micromachining structure and placed on the interface of wafer, which is shown in Fig.1.
Because of using acceleration, Polysilicon spring, used for acceleration and suspended on the top of wafer surface structure, can provide strength damping.
Fig.1 The schematic of working principle of accelerometer The differential capacitance, composed of independent fixed plate and flexible mass connecting plate, can measure structure deflection.
In this study, S3C2440 of Samsung ARM9 structure is used as upper computer to communicate with ADXL345 and read acceleration of three axes.

New architectures for solar cells with improved performance are proposed, and it is found that maximum efficiency in non-optimised devices reaches 1.17% for structures containing a mixed layer ratio 75:25 CuPc:C60 surrounded by two continuous layers at the electrodes.
It has been shown previously that the morphology and structure of a film can be strongly modified by the presence of an underlying layer with different properties [7].
In the ITO/35Å CuPc/500Å mix/50Å C60/ 120 Å BCP/Al structure when the mixed layer contains 50% CuPc (Figure 3, continuous grey line) the efficiency reaches 1.15 %.
A series of devices were fabricated based on this structure, but with the composition ratio of the mixed layer varied between 25% and 90% CuPc.
Detailed analysis of the mixed layer composition shows that device efficiencies of ηp = 1.17 % are obtained for structures containing a 500 Å thick mixed layer with a CuPc:C60 ratio of 75:25.

Studies on Thermal Property of Silica Aerogel/epoxy Composite Jiupeng Zhao 1, a , Dengteng Ge 2, b, Sailei Zhang2 , Xilong Wei 3 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China 2 Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China 3 National Engineering Research Center for Polymer Matrix Composites, Harbin, China a jpzhao@hit.edu.cn, bge12341234@sohu.com Keywords: Silica aerogel, Epoxy, Thermal insulation, Composite.
After gelation, the wet gel is soaked in an aging solution (70 vol% TEOS/ethanol) for 2 days in order to strengthen the gel structure.
Fig.1 shows a three dimensional net structure including many nanopores.
One core-shell structure corresponds one silica aerogel particle and shell is part of aerogel particle immerged by epoxy, core is the unimmerged part. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 Thermal conductivity (W/(m⋅k)) Aerogel weight fraction (%) Sample A Sample B ① radiative heat conduction ②heat conduction of epoxy ③ heat conduction in core-shell aerogel particle Fig.3 Thermal conductivity versus aerogel weight fraction Fig.4 Heat transfer model of silica aerogel/epoxy composite In this model, there are three primary kinds of heat transfer ways: radiative heat conduction of composite, heat conduction of epoxy, and heat conduction in core-shell aerogel particle.
Second, shell of unit cell has a medium thermal conductivity because three dimensional net structure is still effective to prevent heat transfer.

The structure of microfluidic chip is illustrated in Fig. 1.
The next step is exposure, developing, C 5mm 5mm 4mm 6mm A B W D Fig.1 Structure of microfluidic chip Si SiO2 (1)Etching SiO2 (2) Wet etching (3) Removal SiO2 Fig.2 Process flow to fabricate silicon etching SiO2 layer and removal resist.
The structure is metalized by sputtering Cu.
Fig.7 Photos of nickel metal molds growing on nickel substrate Problems and Discussions In the master fabrication process, the verticality of the sidewalls and their very smooth surface are characteristic for very good replication of the master structures [9] .
By treating the working surface to be rough before electroforming and annealing the total structure after electroforming, the stress level has been improved.

A multilayer structure consisting of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases has been proved to show a much stronger ME coupling due to a high degree of polarization and negligible leakage current.
Theoretical calculations for some layered structures showed good agreement with experimental data[5,13-15].
Theory of Transverse ME coupling in bilayer An ME bilayer consisting of magnetostrictive (m) and piezoelectric (p)phases has a structure as shown in the coordinate system in Fig. 1.
Due to the symmetrical structure of trilayer, the elastic strain in trilayers should be linear since the mechanical stress in those is symmetry about the center piezoelectric layer.
Kadam, et al.: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 77 (2003), p. 691

SrTiO3 Functional Ceramics Thin Film Prepared by Self-Assembled Monolayers with the Liquid Phase Deposition Method on Silicon Substrates Ren Huijun a, Tan Guoqiang, Miao Hongyan, Song Yayu and Xia Ao Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China a renhj@sust.edu.cn Keywords: Strontium titanate; Thin film; Liquid phase deposition; Self-assembled.
If these methods tend to prepare the nano film materials with the dense and homogenous structure, the controlled thickness and the higher crystallization, they need the special equipments, the complicated preparatory technology and the preparatory conditions of vacuum and higher temperature.
The ball cluster structure was formed by the large amount of acicular fiber crowded together.
After the annealing and self polymerized deposition, the grains became TiO2 crystals with the ball cluster structure.
On the crystal surfaces of (110), (100), (200) and (211), there appear the obvious diffraction peaks; TiO2 crystal with ball cluster structure appears on the thin film prepared at between 50 °C and 70°C because Si and Sr 2+ react to form silicide and more [Ti(OH) 6]2- ions self polymerize and deposit.

In order to improve the usage performance and safety index, the material and structure of flywheel must be considered [3].
A special study on the flywheel structure was given by Professor Homer.
And the relationship between the flywheel of different structures and the energy density is shown in Fig. 2 [4].
So the material and structure of flywheel are key factors affecting FESS’s usage performance and safety index.
It was used as the power plant of close-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites to replace the original battery chemistry [6].

Supercritical extraction techniques (SCE) that involves CO2 as the extracting solvent has potential to augment the surface area of TiO2 nanoparticles [3], since this technique is able to dry the gel without collapsing the gel structure.
For comparison purposes, a single-step calcination at 450oC for 3 hours was also applied to the aerogel sample in order to investigate its effect on the oxide structure.
The supercritical extraction used in the present work offers the drying of the gel without collapsing its structure.
All the diffraction peaks at 2θ of 25.33, 37.95, 48.06, 55.06 and 63.38o can be indexed as (101), (004), (200), (105), (211) and (204) crystal planes of anatase structure TiO2.
This result confirms that the network structure in the xerogel derived from SCE process was more complete than that of aerogel.

These methods use low voltage electric field and characteristic ions rich solutions to create organized structures of reaction products on the processed surfaces.
This is determined by substrate chemistry, chemical composition of anodization solution or by used voltage.
Structure of anodized surface is illustrated in Fig. 4.
This is caused by character of TiO2 structure - anodized layer on surface of sample with standard microstructure is nobler than before anodization [8].
Paramguru, Formation of self-ordered nano-tubular structure of anodic oxide layer on titanium, Electrochim.