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The surface morphology and structure in cross section of the coated substrates were presented.
Crystalline structure of the silver coating was somewhat finer.
Pihl, Measurement of Residual Stresses in Brush-Plated Gold and Silver Coatings on Thin Cross-Cut Ring Substrate, Latvian Journal of Chemistry (Latvias Kimijas Žurnals) 1 (2008) 48–54

Willinger2,c 1Department of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Faculty of Sciences, Granada, Spain 2Electron Microscopy Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany aemacias@ugr.es, bacheca@ugr.es, cwillinger@fhi-berlin.mpg.de * Corresponding author Keywords: biomineralization, molluscs, vesicles, calcium Abstract The surface membrane is a lamellar structure exclusive of gastropods that is formed during the shell secretion.
With the aid of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) it was possible to observe the wall-like organic structures [10].
The SM (~100 nm width) appears like a progressively ordered structure.
It is likely that calcium forms part of the structures (SM, ILMs) bound to the organic matrix.
Erben, On the structure and growth of the nacreous tablets in gastropods, Biomineralization 7 (1974) 14-27

Effect of Current on the Interfacial Structures of the Dissimilar Metals Diffusion Bonding Lifang Hu a, Fuming Wang , Shaoping Chen and Qingsen Mengb* Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan Shanxi 030024, China ahulifang0727@163.com, b*mengqingsen@263.com(*corresponding author) Keywords: AZ31B; aluminum; copper; diffusion bonding; electric field; diffusion Abstract.
Randle: J Mater Sci vol.46(2011), p.357 [7] Liu Peng, Li Ya-jiang, Geng Hao-ran, Wang Juan: Vacuum vol.80(2006), p.395 [8] Liu Fen-cheng, Liang Wei, Li Xian-rong, Zhao Xing-guo, Zhang Yan, Wang Hong-xia: Journal of Alloys and Compounds vol.461(2008), p.399 [9] Conrad H: Materials Science and Engineering A vol.287(2000), p.227 [10] Du Mei-yau, Chen Chih-ming: Materials Chemistry and Physics vol.82(2003),p. 818 [11]Shao Ping Chen, Qing Sen Meng, W.

The outer carbon layer and the inner graphite act as an electronic conductor to weaken the volume expansion of silicon and maintain the structure stability during cycling.
Three kinds of graphite was used here, the first two types of artificial graphite(in Fig. 2 (a), 2 (d)), came from a focal suffered graphitization process in high temperature by rearranging the crystal structure and stood polymerization shrinkage to dense internal and seamless structure.
Although most of the particles were spherical particles, some particles with irregular structure were obviously found, and agglomeration phenomenon happed in a small number of silicon particles.
Those results exhibit that selected expanded graphite may improve cycle stability of composite materials by its porous structure, which can make silicon stably disperse on the graphite surface.
[15] Wenjing Liu, Jinjin Jiang, Hao Wang, Chunxiao Deng, Feng Wang, Gongchang Peng, Influence of graphene oxide on electrochemical performance of Si anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Energy Chemistry.25(2016), 817-824

Since the 3D structure of protein can give more information than amino acid sequence, epitope prediction based on 3D structure of antigen will get better results [6, 7].
The 3D structure of the complexes are obtained from the PDB[21].
In this study, we adopted the first definition to locate the epitopes of unbound structure of the antigen and the second definition for the bound structure of the antigen.
For AUC measure, except the values of 5 structures predicted by our method are slightly higher than EPCES, the values of other structures are lower than EPCES.
For the web version of EPCES can predict unbound structure of antigen only, we gave the performance comparison of bound and unbound structures of the testing dataset of our method with the unbound structure of EPCES.

With regular zeolite canal structure and high surface area, has good adsorptive properties and ion exchange properties, and can be widely used in wastewater treatment Dai Qing-qing, [2].
Li Man-ni etc found there are original natural clinoptilolite structure samples of ore exists vast empty and the pore canal was occupied by Na+ and K+, water molecules (zeolite water) and impurities and ion exchange performance is poor.
Acid-proof alkaline differences according to zeolites, using different intensity on the acid, general skeleton off high silicon zeolite aluminum, such as mercerizing zeolite, mordenite, clinoptilolite, wait multi-purpose hydrochloric acid rinsing, pumping away after the aluminum frame, zeolite structure remains intact.Putting natural zeolite in 500 mL beaker, than add 20 % NaCl solution by volume 1:2, the electric stove boil 20 min, quiet place and lean to supernatant fluid, repeat treatment three times, sodium type samples was produced.
With the modification of zeolite HDTMA, by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, begin zeolite unit layers distance slightly increase for internal structure, but not destroyed, modifier in zeolite surface to form a layer potassium dichromate anionic surfactants form with precipitation, removed the removal rate reaches 98%.
The results showed that the best time of CTMAB modification is 4 h, optimal concentration of 10 g/L, modification temperature of zeolite had little effect, adsorption organisms[9]. 2.5 Carrier modification Zeolite microcosmic structure has multiple hole, more pore canal and surface, can be used as the good huge carrier.

They asserted that the glass property depends on the structures of atomic aggregations, which are represented by the multiple minima (often called the basins), in the PEL.
(5) Calculate the glass properties through ensemble average, e.g., , where V is molar volume and Vi is the molar volume corresponding to the atomic structure in basin i
Hidden structure in liquids. physical Review A 1982;52:978
Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2007;111:7957
Exploring the potential energy landscape of glass-forming systems: from inherent structures via metabasins to macroscopic transport.

Through other researchers [15] have reported the laser ablation by Ar+ laser, the kind of ripple structure is not seen in our experiment with the scanning field (5μm X 5μm).
At the same time, this kind of nano structure is different from the lamp-induced structure of polyimide by Chen et al. [16].During our experiment, the nano structure by laser ablation is also seen, which is different from plasm etching (data not shown).
K.C.Yung and C.S.Xie: J Mater.Res.Vol.18( 2003),p.53 [9] Jongdae Kim: A study of structure formation on PET, PBT, and PS Surfaces by Excimer Laser Ablation (PhD thesis, 2004)
Vol.89(1989), p. 1303 [14] Hsiharng Yang and Cheng Tang Pan: Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering Vol. 6(2003), p.145 [15] D.Bauerle, M.Himmelbauer and E.Arenholz: Journal of photochemistry and photobiology A: Chemistry Vol.106 (1997) , p. 27 [16] Wei Chen, Junying Zhang and Qi Fang:Thin Solid Films Vol.(453-454) (2004), p.3

Figure 1shows structure of graphene.
The Fig.1 Schematic of Graphene Structure method addresses a significant obstacle to the use this promising material in future generations of high performance electronic devices.
The patterns serve as templates directing the growth of graphene structures, allowing the formation of nanoribbons of specific widths without the use of e-beams or other destructive cutting techniques.
Mammalian and microbial detection and diagnosis devices can be fabricated from graphene owing to its modifiable chemistry, large surface area, atomic thickness and molecularly gatable structure.
Graphene appears to bond better to polymers in the epoxy, allowing a more effective coupling of graphene into structure of composite.

College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072 * Corresponding author.
Fig.1b shows the crystal structure (along [001] direction) of the γ-MnOOH (manganite) by using Diamond 3.0 software with the XRD data.
Both of these are also composed of MnO6 octahedron that are edge- and corner-shared but groutite forms a 2×1 tunnel while feitknechtite forms an octahedral layered structure [15].
Fig.2c and 2d are the SEM results of γ-MnOOH nanowires that well confirm the products’ nanowire-structure.
Since γ-MnOOH has the same structure as β-MnO2, consisting of narrow (1×1) tunnels, there would not have too much capacity from the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions.