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The essential processing parameters include scanning speed, line spacing, defocusing value, and a number of scanning as well as the surrounding atmosphere and sample surface properties like composition and roughness.
The typical surface topography of the 2B surface finish (Fig. 1a) shows visible rounded grains of smooth boundaries and the slip lines visible on the surface (Fig. 1b) formed during plastic deformation.
The cross-slip events and activation of multiple slip systems are also viewable as slip line crossing without deviation on the grain surface.
The typical pickled grains of rough and developed surface topography is visible (Fig. 2a), while the space between grain boundaries is smooth (Fig. 2b).
The steel grains of pickled morphology, with visible holes and cavities, are uniformly covered by dense and compact oxide layer (Fig. 12a) of typical nanogranular morphology and step edges of oxide nuclei arrangement (Fig. 12b).

Proxy re-encryption is an efficient solution to ciphertext delegation and distribution, which also enables the sender to carry out fine-grained control on his ciphertext.
(c) Multi-use of and single-use of PRE According to the number of receivers of PRE schemes, it can be classified into two groups: multi-use, i.e., the ciphertext can be transformed from Alice to more than one receiver; and single-use, i.e., the ciphertext can only be transformed one receiver.
Different type of PRE schemes (such as full trusted/semi trusted proxy, bidirectional/Unidirectional, multi-use/single-use, Transitive/non-transitive PRE) can be used to particular fine-grained control on ciphertexts.

Ran Longxian, etc. [8] study the biological characteristics of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium citrinum and Rhizopus nigricans which are all commonly seen molds, the influence of bamboo total soluble sugar and starch content on mold growth, and the relativity between the activity of the 5 kinds of molds’ amylase and cellulase and the compression strength parallel to grain.
The amylase activity of mold is negative correlated with the compressive strength parallel to grain of the rotten bamboo timber.
The bamboo chips that are treated by cold water, hot water, benzene and alcohol, benzene and ether all have poor anti-mold effect, the average infection values of samples all above 3.0 after 7 days, and it mainly due to different compositions and numbers in the bamboo timbers which are treated by different solutions.
Nanometer TiO2 is qualified with unique photocatalytic activity which can produce a large number of electron-hole pairs by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
Prospect on the anti-mold research of bamboo timber As there is a large number of mildew and rot fungi of bamboo timber and their distribution varies with the environmental changes, the difficulty and workload of the study on them are considerable.

Samples from the surface to the centre were prepared for metallographic investigations, and dendrite arm spacing and number of polyhedral crystals per surface area were measured as a function of the position in the ingot.
Here the small crystals in the surface zone have been omitted, as they have no importance for the ingot quality. 50 m 50 m 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 0 50 100 150 200 Distance from ingot surface [mm] Number of particles[#/mm 2] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 50 100 150 200 Distance from ingot surface [mm] SDAS, [m] Figure 3.
Number of silicon particles from the Figure 4.
This is normally observed in DC cast slabs, and a result of sedimentation of grains during the casting giving a duplex structure in the centre with coarse grains together with finer dendrites formed at the end of the solidification.

The grinding wheel contains metal-bonded diamond grains of 100~150μm with a diameter of 8mm and height of 10mm.
It can be seen that a large number of pits due to grain dislodgement and scratches exist on the ground surface.
On the other hand, abrasive motion trajectory lengthens as a result of axial vibration accompanied by a large number of cracks.
The adjacent motion tracks overlap each other, so that the cracks interpenetrate each other before propagation, which decreases the surface roughness by producing a large number of tiny fractures.

D-gun coating, one of the thermal spraying processes, is increasingly popular owing to its versatility in spraying a large number of materials.
The orthogonal array chosen was L27 (33) which have 27 rows corresponding to the number of tests (26 degree of freedom) with 13 columns.
The grain size has a reversed trend compared to velocity, as the grit size increases the erosion rate is significantly reduced.
An optimum parameter combination for high erosion resistance are the medium velocity (40m/s), medium angle of impact (45o) and medium grain size (180μm) Similarly medium velocity (40m/s), minimum angle of impact (30o) and lowerm grit size (120μm) yields maximum erosion rate indicating low resistance.
Number 2 .

Furthermore, modifying some parameters such as a high number of cycles, high extrusion pressure, high abrasive concentration and low abrasive grain size, improved the precision of surface polishing [6-7].
The active grain density on a medium's surface was also determined by stochastic simulation [13].
Figure 8 presents the effects of number of working cycles on surface roughness in the different passageways.
According to Fig. 8 regardless what passageways were used, surface roughness decreased with increase in number of working cycles.

Casting through in-situ technique is been most selected over the other due to better grain refinements, uniform distribution of reinforcements, clear interface, good interfacial bonding strength and economic with high degree of thermal stability [8].
Grey relational grading of experimental results Experiment Number Sliding Distance (m) Reinforcement (wt. %) Temperature (°C) Load (N) Sliding Velocity (m/s) Wear rate (mm3/m) Coefficient of friction Grey Grade Rank 1 1000 0 35 10 1.0 0.0036 0.249 0.5673 10 2 1000 0 100 20 1.5 0.0033 0.416 0.5175 14 3 1000 0 200 30 2.0 0.0039 0.254 0.5730 9 4 1000 4 35 10 1.5 0.0028 0.263 0.6595 5 5 1000 4 100 20 2.0 0.0031 0.280 0.6309 7 6 1000 4 200 30 1.0 0.0050 0.387 0.4216 16 7 1000 8 35 20 1.0 0.0066 0.267 0.4798 15 8 1000 8 100 30 1.5 0.0080 0.399 0.3568 18 9 1000 8 200 10 2.0 0.0032 0.135 0.8451 1 10 1500 0 35 30 2.0 0.0031 0.433 0.5292 11 11 1500 0 100 10 1.0 0.0022 0.357 0.6923 4 12 1500 0 200 20 1.5 0.0026 0.404 0.6031 8 13 1500 4 35 20 2.0 0.0023 0.426 0.6422 6 14 1500 4 100 30 1.0 0.0031 0.448 0.5243 12 15 1500 4 200 10 1.5 0.0021 0.284 0.7605 3 16 1500 8 35 30 1.5 0.0047 0.459 0.4096 17 17 1500 8 100 10 2.0 0.0027 0.161 0.8273 2 18 1500 8 200 20 1.0 0.0043 0.280 0.5241 13 Results and Discussion
The scanning electron micrographs of AA8011-ZrB2 (0, 4 and 8 wt.%) composites shown in Figs. 2-4 clearly depicts the grain structure, the presence and distribution of reinforcements amoung them Fig.2 shows the AA8011 without ZrB2.
The experimental number 9 is obtained as the optimal combination of parameters with 1000 m sliding distance, 8 wt. % ZrB2 reinforcement, 200°C temperature, 10 N load and 2 m/s sliding velocity.
The formation of such a mechanically mixed layer with more amount of oxide formation in the wear track, corresponding to high sliding speed and high temperature (experiment number 9) is observed in the wear track analysis using SEM with EDS and the same is shown in Fig. 5.

A large number of experiments show that: in the compaction test, moisture content has significant effect on the material dry bulk density.
For harmonic system composed of a number of natural frequency, each has its own law of vibration frequency, when using the natural frequency of the same frequency to trigger the system, high amplitude resonance phenomenon can be produced.
Where Shear strength is closely related to material properties, for clay, due to the particles is small, interaction between soil - water system and cementing material form grain structure, the small influence of friction angle can be ignored,the shear strength is mainly produced by the cohesion.
Sand is single grain structure and cohesion in the process of compaction is small which can be ignored.
Table 1 Aggregate quality parameters Material Name crushed aggregate 9.5~19mm crushed aggregate 19~37.5mm crushed aggregate 4.75~9.5mm Chippings 0~4.75mm stacking density （g/cm3） 1.60 1.38 1.56 1.623 Apparent density （g/cm3） 2.652 2.777 2.757 2.631 mud content （%） 0.2 0.3 0.6 3.3 crushing value （%） 11.8 / / / acicular content（%） 4.2 3.9 3.2 / Table 2 Mixture Gradation Composition Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mesh size（mm） 37.5 31.5 26.5 16.0 9.5 4.75 1.18 0.6 0.075 throughput rate /% 1# 100 97.2 78.5 58.3 38.5 24.8 14.6 9.4 1.1 2# 100 97.1 78.3 57.9 37.9 25.0 15.2 10.1 1.5 Mean value 100 97.2 78.4 58.1 38.2 24.9 14.9 9.8 1.3 3.2 Test schemes and results The tests are using two schemes, one is in different moisture content, the dry density of mixture was measured by using heavy compaction; the other is in a different vibration frequencies, different vibration times and different moisture content, the dry density of mixture was measured by using vibration compactor.

They have demonstrated that a great number of natural resources can be used to produce effectively SX.
The properties of SX and its use in an increasing number of engineering applications have also been extensively investigated.
For a higher concentration of SX (as in the sample loaded with 20 wt% TiO2), larger TiO2 particles are created since in this case SiO2 behaves as a “neck” that connects the smaller grains of TiO2 [18].
Conversely, for smaller amounts of SX (sample loaded with 40 wt% TiO2) the size of the TiO2 grains becomes smaller, because the TiO2 particles experience a contraction and their crystal growth is retarded due to the presence of Si atoms.
Acknowledgements This work has been partially supported by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia under the Project of International Research Collaboration and Scientific Publication, Number: 1140/D3/PL/2015 and the Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region (FIR Center), University of Fukui, Japan.