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So a number of metal structures are made of this steel, for example, pipelines for transportation of various liquids and gases, various machine parts, steam boilers, oilfield equipment, tanks.
Steel 13Mn6 is compact-grained and contains a small amount of carbon in structure.
Heating under training up to the temperature 950 ºC allows to receive austenite of the increased homogeneity without increase in the size of grain.

With the auxiliary of ultrasonic, cathode limiting current density and throwing power of bath could be improved remarkably[5]; Grain orientation could be changed[6]; The inner-stress and vickers hardness of nickel deposits could reduce [7]; The ratio of alloy co-electrodepostion layer could be changed[8]; And many other phenomena.
Limit current density of steady-state diffusion i which corresponds to the diffusion velocity is expressed as equation (1) [10] （1） In limit case of complete concentration polarization CS →0, steady-state limit diffusion current density id is obtained as: （2） Where C0 is initial concentration, CS is surface concentration of polarization, F is Faraday constant, D is diffusion coefficient, and n is Moore electronic number.
Furthermore, the crystalline grain of Cu is much smaller with ultrasound which may be due to the strong shock pressure produced by ultrasonic cavitation.

BLSD crystals have an anisotropic crystal structure which consists of bismuth oxide layers and pseudo-perovskite blocks with the general formula of (Bi2O2)2+-(Am-1BmO3m+1)2-, where A is mono-, di-, or trivalent ions, B is tetra-, penta-, or hexavalent cations such as Ti4+, Nb5+, or W6+, and m is the number of BO6 octahedra in pseudo-perovskite blocks (m = 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) [1].
The CaBi4Ti4O15 film on (100)LaNiO3/(111)Pt/TiO2/ (100)Si substrates consisted of small grains with sizes below 100 nm, whereas the film on (100)SrRuO3// (100)SrTiO3 substrate exhibited flat and smooth microstructure without granular structure.
Improved insulating behavior was confirmed for epitaxial BLSD films on (100)SrRuO3//(100)SrTiO3 rather than one-axis oriented BLSD films on (100)LaNiO3/(111)Pt/TiO2/(100)Si substrates, owing to conbined factors of the microstructural evolution (in Fig.2) and the crystal configuration (in Fig.1), such as a granular structure which serves conduction path through grain boundaries, rough surface which induces nonuniform applied electrical field, etc.

This Widmanstatten morphology (Fig. 1a), is formed from phase beta coarse grains (≈ 0.8 mm) obtained by heating over the beta-transus temperature followed by slow cooling (beta anneal).
When this temperature is reached, very coarse grains of martensite can be observed (Figs. 1g,h).
Vol. 220, Number 3/2006, (2006), pp. 241246

A number of different metals and metal oxide nanoparticles have so far been encapsulated into the shell of conducting polymers, giving rise to a host of composites [12–18].
From Fig. 4b, it can be seen that the morphology of the composite differs much from that of pure ZrO2 nanoparticles, when ANI is oxidated with amm- onium persulfate in the presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles, the grain size of composite becomes bigger.
As the ZrO2 concentration increases, the compactness of the sample increases causing coupling through the grain boundaries to become stronger which could enhance the conductivity [24]. 3 Conclusions PANI/ZrO2 composite has been prepared by in-situ polymerization of ANI in the presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles.

The body was crushed and sieved to produce a powder with a grain size between 50 and 90 ?
m grain size.
As for torque values a total of 8 recordings per coating type (n=8) was aimed for - this was however not achieved in all cases, particularly the number of sputtered coatings was insufficient.

When the oxidation time was about 10 minutes, the oxidation scale containing a large number of grains about 1-10 μm in size was sparse and could not fully cover the initial surface of sample(as marked with A in Fig.2a), which indicates an oxidation reaction would initiate instantly once the sample exposures in the experimental environment.
When the oxidation time was about 3 hours, the surface of Fe-Cr samples was completely covered by the Cr2O3 layer consisting of uneven grains about 10~50 μm in size (Fig.2c).

Relatively larger holes and pits are formed from the void collapse and also possible grain pull-out in the lapping process.
The previous works had shown that the maximum grit depth of cut [3,7,8], maxh , depended on grinding parameters and wheel properties: s g s w max d a CrV V4 h = (3) where C is the number of active grits per unit area of the wheel periphery, r is the ratio of chip width to average undeformed chip thichness, Vw denotes worktable speed, Vs denotes wheel speed, ag denotes wheel depth of cut and ds denotes wheel diameter.
After intergranular and/or transgranular microcracks propagate, the grains fracture into finer ones.

Also, it is important to keep in mind that homogeneity, commonly used with accuracy for bulk materials, becomes unreliable for modeling devices that have dimensions comparable to the material intrinsic lengths (grain size, microscopic fluctuations, interaction distances, etc.).
A fine grain silver halide holographic photo plate PFG-03C was used.
2 2 1 1 lim 2 sin 1 2 cos 1 lim 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 2 1 0 2 2 1 2 1               −=                      − =                     − = =               ⋅−⋅       − =                     − = =                     − =                     +            ≈ ∑ ∑ ∑∑ ∑ ∑∑ ∑ ∑ ∞+ = ∞+ = ∞+ = = ∞→ ∞+ = = ∞+ = ∞→ = = ∞→ σ λ π σ λ π σ λ π σ λ π ζ λ π ζ λ π ζ λ π ζ λ π k k k k k k k k k k m i k i m k k k m i k k i k m m i i m i i m k k k k m k k m m m I (1) Where I is the intensity of illumination; m is number of discrete sampling points; ζi is discrete

Just as the old saying goes：saving grain during the harvest year for the time we need it; when disaster occur, grain can be used as money for exchanging; this is called saving it when we have for the time we lack it[3].
[3] Jiatai Zhang,in:Han Dynasty architectural On a number of issues, edtied by Heritage (Third Series): Science Press, 2009 (12): 21(in chinese)