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Thus the typical MIM production of high-strength Ni-based superalloy components entails a number of sequential, time-consuming and expensive manufacturing steps which hinder the overall advantages of the entire MIM manufacturing route.
The higher temperature and longer sintering time caused considerable grain growth in lot A samples, which turned out somewhat oversintered.
Since the assintered density of these samples was already fairly high (98,49 ± 0,10% TD), it's concluded the gain in density due to HIPping was not enough to compensate for reductions in those mechanical properties which might have been caused by grain growth during HIPing. 5 As-sintered parts: Sint'd & HIP'd parts: Sint'd & heat treated parts: [1280 ºC / 2hr] [1185 ºC / 4 hr / 1000 bar] [1080 ºC / 8 hr - 700 ºC / 16 hr] 364 ± 8 HV10N 355 ± 3 HV10N 382 ± 9 HV10N As-sintered dog-bones: Sint'd & HIP'd dog-bones: Sint'd & heat treated dog-bones: [1280 ºC / 2hr] [1185 ºC / 4 hr / 1000 bar] [1080 ºC / 8 hr - 700 ºC / 16 hr] 0,2%PS UTS Є 0,2%PS UTS Є 0,2%PS UTS Є [MPa] [MPa] [%Lo] [MPa] [MPa] [%Lo] [MPa] [MPa] [%Lo] 800 1161 25
It's suggested HIP-induced grain growth caused these reductions despite the slight gain in density shown by the hot isostatically pressed parts. 5.

These parameters were optimized after number of experiments to get amorphous ribbons.
This increase in the value of Hc may be accounted by the fact that for small grain sizes (< 100nm), Hc increases with increases in grain size [1].
So we conclude that as the sample is annealed at higher temperatures, the nanocrystalline grain size increases giving a higher value of Hc.

The media developed for dry barrel finishing is made of nylon resin mixed with abrasive grains.
� Turret rotation speed 0-240min -1 Rotation rate of barrel to turret -1 Distance between the turret center and the barrel center 160mm Barrel shape and number Equilateral octagon 㧔1.72L㧕˜4 Base side:46mm Length:165mm Barrel Turret Media Workpiece Workpiece� Ǿ30˜12mm, S45C(162,228HV), SUJ2(204,309,522,877HV) Media� Nylon6㧗Abrasives(A#320), ٌ4˜4, 6˜6mm Media charging ratio 20,50vol% Turret rotation speed 120,240min -1 Characteristic X-ray CrKǩ Target Cr Peak angle 2ǰ(deg) 156.4 Measuring method sin 2Ȁ Voltage (kV) 40 Current (mA) 40 Ȁ angle(deg) 0,7,15,22,30,37,45,52 Fixed time (sec) 10 Collimator (mm) 2.0 � Table 1 Specification of centrifugal barrel machine Fig.1 Centrifugal barrel finishing Table 2 Finishing conditions Table 3 Conditions of X-ray diffraction stress measurement Experimental Results and Discussion Influence of Finishing Conditions on Finishing Characteristics.
This is considered to be because the intrusion depth of the abrasive grain on the media surface to the workpiece surface at the collision of media to the workpiece decreases with the increase of the workpiece hardness.� Figure 9 shows the relationship between the workpiece hardness and the surface roughness under the same finishing conditions as shown in Fig.8.
Consequently, the change of the intrusion depth of the abrasive grain on media surface caused by the change of the contact force of the media to the workpiece becomes small as the intrusion depth decrease, and the surface roughness becomes small.�� Figure 10 shows the relationship between the workpiece hardness and the edge radius for one hour of finishing time under the same finishing conditions as in Fig.8.�6he edge radius decreases as the workpiece hardness increases.

It had rather isotropic texture as shown in Fig. 1(a) obtained by electro backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurement and had relatively large average grain size of about 180 μm.
Meanwhile, the extruded alloy had small average grain size of about 60 μm and had strong texture, of which the basal plane of hcp structure was about parallel to the extruded direction as shown in Fig 1(b).
Owing to the arrangement of the heaters and the thermocouple, the compressive displacement was converted from the number of pulse using the pre-determined compensation curve.
The EBSD measurement was performed only on the cast alloy because the large grain size is preferable to distinguish twinning from slip lines.

The size of the diamond abrasive (non conductive) used was SD700 mesh and the concentration was 125 (grain volume percentage: 31%).
The average grain size was 10µm for both types of PCD.
Though details are not shown on the results of the trueing using a vertical truer, it will be worth describing that the electrically conductive vitrified bonded wheel could be trued with extremely high efficiency requiring far less number of passes for correcting the wheel deviation, namely only one tenth of that required by the metal bonded wheel.
Fig.3 Normal grinding force at standard grinding Table 1 Experimental device and conditions Conductive vitrified bonded wheel •Standard diamond abrasive wheel •Conductive diamond abrasive wheel SD700, Conc.125 (f100mm×t5mm) Machine •NC surface grinding machine (NSP-50, Nachi) •Spindle: Air static spindle (Toshiba Machine) •Discharge power source (SUE-87, Sodick) PCD workpiece •Conventional PCD (C-PCD, 5mm×8mm) •Electrically conductive PCD (EC-PCD, 5mm×8mm) Diamond grain size: 10µm, Content: ≠90% Grinding conditions VS=40m/s, VW=0.1m/min, a=1µm, b=2mm, l=5mm Surface plunge grinding Discharge conditions ui=60V, iP=6A, te=4µs, to=10µs Working fluid Water soluble grinding fluid (NK-Z, 2%, Noritake) Results of the EDM Assisted Grinding Characteristics in the Standard Grinding.

The corrosion mechanism of Zr-based alloys can be explained by characterizing the oxide properties such as the crystal structure and the grain morphology.
A number of investigations have revealed that the crystal structure [10] and grain morphology [10,11] were closely related to the corrosion kinetics of Zr-based alloys, however, this conclusion remains a talking point.
Coarse grains were not found but fine cell structures were observed in the TEM microstructures of Zr-0.2Nb.

suggested that in electrolytes of low content of SiC, the number of nickel ions adsorbed on SiC particles was small which resulted in the small amount of co-deposited particles [10].
The observed decrease in hardness may be attributed to the heat assisted grain growth in the deposited material which resulted in the weakening of the formed coating.
Measurement taken from the wear track suggested that the heat treatment decreased wear resistance of the deposited material, possibly due to the grain-growth dependent changes in its microstructure.
Heat treatment mechanically weakened the asdeposited coating, possibly due to heat assisted grain growth in its microstructure.

The mean grain size was calculated by the line intercept method [6].
The grain size of this system is about 4-8 µm.
With higher doping (i.e. 1 wt%), the glassy phase is segregated at the grain boundary.
Conclusion The 4PbO.B2O3 doping has a number of advantages over the non-doped 0.875PZT-0.125PMN system.

By means of SEM, detailed images of the topography and morphology of the processed alloy are obtained, on a nanometric scale, illustrating a clear picture of the microstructural changes caused by severe plastic deformation. namely: grain refinement, increase in dislocation density as well as possible surface defects.
The fracture surface of the base material shows a coarse granular structure with grains of varying sizes from a few microns to tens of microns.
The grains are separated by cracks and crevices.
Ashri - A Detailed Study on Friction Stir Welding and Friction Stir Processing–A Review Paper, International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Technology ISSN 0974-3146 Volume 4 Number 1 (2014) 1-22. http://www.gbspublisher.com

The testing methods included: • Testing the materials consistency o binder content as residue on ignition o change in grain size composition by sieving o density • Mechanical testing o compressive and tensile strength on cubes with an edge length of 40 mm referring to DIN EN 12190 and DIN EN1542 o Young’s modulus on cylinders with a diameter of 45 mm and a length of 140 mm referring to DIN EN 13412 o for abrasion resistance using the so called “Böhmescheibe” according to DIN EN 13892 o for creep resistance referring to DIN EN 13584 with a compression load of 25% of the maximum strength • Testing for adhesion to the concrete substrate by pulling of steel cylinders with a diameter of 50 mm, referring to DIN EN 1542
Figure 3 (a) Surface of dry sprayed polymer concrete specimen, (b) cut through the specimen, SPC applied to concrete substrate Table 1 Results from the laboratory testing of SPC specimens Test method Results Property Norm Unit Value Material consistency Binder-content residue on ignition [wt-%] 14 to 21 Change in grain size DIN EN 12192-1:2002 Loss of larger grains Mortar density DIN EN 12190:1998 [g/cm³] 2.02 Mechanical properties Compressive strength DIN EN 12190:1998 [N/mm²] 90 to 105 Tensile Strength DIN EN 1542:1999 12 to 16 Young’s-modulus DIN EN 13412:2006 13 500 to 18 000 Wear resistance DIN EN 13892-3:2004 [cm³ /(50 cm²)] 8 to 10 Creep deformation DIN EN 13584:2003 [mm/m/d] 0.039 Hygroscopic properties Coefficient of sorption DIN EN 13057:2002 [kg/(m2 d0,5)] 0.001 Diffusions resistance μH2O DIN EN ISO 7783:2012 - 3440 Thermal properties Thermal expansion αT DIN EN 1770:1998 [10-6 1/K] 32 Adhesion Pull off strength DIN EN 1542:1999 [N/mm²] > 3.5 average > 2.6 minimum Durability
Here, the spin-lattice (T1) relaxation was measured, indicating a number of material properties such as molecular mobility and magnetic impurities in the material.