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Among these tin phosphides, Sn4P3 possesses a special structure with alternating of Sn and Patoms dividing into seven layers [7].P atoms locate in the internal structure and more coordinations of atomic numbers in unsaturated surfaces would be effectively exposed, which could promote the formation of Sn4P3 with higher surface activity density [8].
With the milling time prolonged to 45 h, the diffraction peaks of Sn4P3became weaker, which was caused by the decrease of grain size and increase of the internal strain during the mechanical alloying [16–17].
With milling for 60h, a large number of Sn4P3 wires with various aspect ratios were observed in Fig. 5(b).
Compared with the primary samples without Al doping, it can be found that the number of Sn4P3 wires would increase with the milling duration.
Akbari, On the role of nano-size SiC on lattice strain and grain size of Al/SiC nanocomposite, J.Alloy.Compd. 484 (2009) 637–640.

Despite the large number of operating conditions used in the design and strength calculations of main pipelines, all the factors of pipeline operation are often difficult to take into account, since in most cases the calculation results change significantly due to the simplification of the design schemes, inaccuracy of the initial information, changes in operating conditions, etc.
The area of the pipeline samples is calculated by the formula: S = 2πrl, (2) where r – is the radius of the pipeline, l – is the length of the pipeline sample For the radius of the pipeline samples, we take the number 7.95 cm, since the diameter of the samples is 15.9 cm.
The grain size corresponds to a score of 2-3 (GOST 5639-65) and a score of 2 for banding throughout the entire wall thickness for the initial state (Fig. 5, a) and a score of 7-9 after operation (Fig. 5, b).
Also, in real working conditions, a gradual weakening of the metal occurs, depending on the duration of work, on the number of repairs performed, etc., which increases the chance of approaching the critical state of the pipeline (for 0.17C-1Mn-Si steel it is 12.0 A / cm).
The grain size corresponds to a score of 2-3 (GOST 5639-65) and a score of 2 for banding along the entire wall thickness for the initial state and a score of 7-9 after operation.

In addition, where porous materials are taken into account, the preferential orientation of the beads or grains of the porous structure are often neglected.
If the number of iteration most be minimized and faster convergence is to be achieved, then the product εt=4.7.
As a result, the porous medium becomes isotropic a=1 and the effect of the preferential orientation of the grain beads of the porous passages on the fluid flow becomes insignificant.
At the cold and static plate however, Nusselt number increases with thermal stratification parameter S as seen in figs. 12.0(b) and 13.0(b).
Fedorovich, Prandtl number dependence of unsteady natural convection along a vertical plate in a stably stratified fluid.

To improve the cement concrete deformation, small toughness traditional defects, with Adding the rubber grain in the concrete to form the rubber particles concrete; flexural modulus of Rubber particles of concrete and ordinary concrete was comparative studied, two kinds of concrete damping change was analyzed by using the finite element, through three point concrete trabecular bending test, the fatigue properties were comparative researched , the rutting test methods were used in proving the rubber particles of concrete of erosion performance; According to the test made the mechanical parameters of acquired in experiments , the applying the MEPDG 2002 design method, the road surface damage state were forecasted of the two kinds of concrete pavement in the design of the end; Experiment shows that rubber particles cement concrete flexural modulus is reduced by 12% than that of ordinary cement concrete, the damping ratio increased by 30%, the fatigue life have greatly improved, and surface
achieved initial success in the application of industrial and civil architecture, such as the use of shock absorption and sound insulation function in seismic foundation, the railway sleepers and sound barriers has wide application, but it is still in the research stage in the cement concrete pavement, the researches show that the good deformation property of scrap tire rubber particle in the cement concrete has the following significance: from engineering application view, rubber particles mixed in cement concrete materials to help improve the brittleness shortcomings, promote its absorbing heat insulation, sound absorption damping performance, impact resistance and crack resistance[1];From the economic point, strongly built rubber particles of cement concrete pavement, to break the high cost of asphalt pavement monopoly situation, can promote the development of local economy[2].From the section of environmental protection, rubber particles of cement concrete to be able to deal with a large number
Table 1 Flexural strength contrast between rubber particles concrete with normal concrete samples number failure load [kN] flexural strength [MPa] average flexural strength [MPa] normal concrete 1 22.8 5.81 5.64 2 22.4 5.71 3 21.2 5.41 rub-concrete 1 22.6 5.76 5.49 2 21.3 5.43 3 20.8 5.30 By bending test results indicate that two kind of mixture bending strength are satisfy the standard requirement (more than 5 MPa).
Table 3 Normal and rubber cement concrete fatigue properties contrast specimens name stress ratio stress level [MPa] load recycle number[N] logN normal-concrete 0.8 5.28 88 1.94 0.6 3.96 774 2.89 0.4 2.64 2732 3.44 rub-concrete (same stress ratio) 0.8 5.04 7843 3.89 0.6 3.78 8764 3.94 0.4 2.52 11356 4.06 rub-concrete (same stress level ) 0.83 5.28 304 2.48 0.62 3.96 4060 3.61 0.41 2.64 7893 3.90 Fig. 1 Normal and rub-concrete fatigue properties contrast Fig. 1 indicate that in the same stress than conditions, rub-concrete fatigue life is greater than normal cement concrete, with the improvement of the stress ratio, rub-concrete fatigue life is greater than that of normal concrete increased; In the same stress level, the two kinds of concrete are similar to the fatigue of the curve, the range of rub-concrete fatigue life increased basically the same under different stress level conditions.
Table 4 The structure experimental road pavement layer number thickness[m] layer name modulus of resilience[MPa] checking total stress[MPa] 1 0.30 normal concrete 42100 4.90 0.28 rub-concrete 37100 4.87 2 0.18 cement stabilized macadam 1800 - 3 0.30 lime and cement stabilized soil 1200 - 4 0 soil base 40 - Forecast Analysis Results.

Number one marks the base material, number two the heat affected zone and number three the fusion zone.
Fig. 3: Micrograph of an H340LAD welding seam (Nd:YAG) The base material of H340LAD is fine grained ferrite-perlitic.
After the heat influence of the laser beam, the structure is coarse-grained with martensitic areas.
Number one shows the base material, number two the heat affected zone, number three the fusion zone and additionally number four the 0.2 mm gap.
Influence of the number of linear bead-on-plate welding seams.

As the number of cores on CMP increases, the performances of programs running on a CMP platform depend heavily on the usage of shared on-chip cache memory.
Utility Monitors (UMO�) In this paper, a very important technique is the stack property [3],which means that an access that hits in a LRU managed cache containing N ways is guaranteed to also hit if the cache had more than N ways (the number of sets being constant).
Partitioning Algorithm The partitioning algorithm tries to minimize the total number of misses incurred by all the applications.
The UMON [2] mechanism can be combined with CCP to improve miss rate measurement and adapt to fine-grained program phase changes.
Rafique et al. [20] and Petoumenos et al. [26] proposed spatially fine-grained partitioning support, which is supported in CCP by throttling cooperative sharing activities.

The great numbers of researchers have been studied optimizations method on formability process for mono-sheets and sandwich plates.
t0b(i)=t0a(i)-2(RG(i)+k(i)d0(i)εb(i)) (2) Where RG(i) is the initial surface roughness, k(i) is the coefficient of grain size, d0(i)is the grain size and εb(i) is the effective strain in the inhomogeneous region in each layer [10,11] According to equilibrium condition, the forces acting on homogenous and heterogeneous regions are equal: i=12F1a(i)=i=12F1b(i) (3) In which F1a(i) and F1b(i) are applied forces in the regions “a” and “b” for layer “i".
Although the Pareto set can provide large number of possible solutions for designer to make their decision, often a decision must still be made for the most satisfactory solution from the Pareto-set.
FlD0 is a point in plane strain condition so it can represent the amount of formability with a number.

Einstein recognized that although atoms were too small to be seen, any minute grain of material immersed in a liquid would be buffeted by the atoms in continuous random motion as slightly greater number of atoms impacted first one side of the grain and then another.
Karl Pearson in the current number of NATURE, is the same as that of the composition of n iso-periodic vibrations of unit amplitude and of phases distributed at random, considered in Phil.
Einstein showed in his 1905 paper that atoms existed and in the next nine years before the outbreak of World War 1 Perrin and his students in a series of very difficult experiments showed not only that atoms exist but determined remarkably high quality values for Avogadro’s number.

A decent number of works are devoted to studying of porous materials.
Areas of these precipitations are usually located along pore boundaries and along grain boundaries as well.
The surface of pore walls in the SHS-produced material is well-developed, well-shaped, rough and micro-porous, and contains a large number of micro- and nano-pores (Fig. 2a).
In sintered material pore walls are smoother and contain a less number of small pores (Fig. 2b).
Gunter, A.A.Radkevich, Biocompatibility of fine-grained porous NiTi with biological tissues, Shape memory materials and new technologies in medicine, 2004

Ceramic parts were characterized by SEM (FEI Quanta 450 FEG) in order to determine the grain size using the ImageJ software.
Then, the region of interest (ROI), i.e. the polymerized areas of the sample and the corresponding ones on the STL file, was manually selected to count the number of areas and calculate the total surface area of matter on a layer using ImageJ software analysis.
The overpolymerization causes an increase of the entities surface polymerized on the green part and a decrease of the number of polymerized entities, i.e. 2 or more small individual entities in close proximity merge into a single one as shown in the circles on Fig. 2(b)).
STL Green Part Number of areas 51 38 Total area (mm²) 22.4 30.3 a b Thermal treatment.
The sintering cycle used allows for obtaining dense ceramic parts with 3-4% of residual closed porosity (Archimedes’ method) and grain size of 2-3µm (Fig. 3(a)).