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A Layout Method for Control Panel of Thermal Power Plant Xu Yu-qinga , Meng Qing-xinb, Yu Kun c, Xu Zhi-dan d College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China a xuyuqing@hrbeu.edu.cn, bmengqingxin@hrbeu.edu.cn, cyukun@hrbeu.edu.cn, dxuzhidan@hrbeu.edu.cn, Keywords: layout; genetic algorithm; optimization; control panel Abstract.
Six layout principles of ergonomics are taken into consideration to reduce the influences of indeterminate factors caused by the subjective judgments of designers.
Introduction The layout design of control panel can obviously affect system efficiency, safety, the operators' judgment and decision-making under emergency in thermal power plant.
However, control panel layout is difficult to be modeled by binary, for so many different kinds of components and properties.

Products of nominally the same form, but manufactured through different routes, could have markedly different properties.
This not only affects mechanical considerations such as stiffness and strength, but also other attributes such as surface finish, chemical resistivity and internal damping.
The mechanical properties are not strongly dependent on composition, but chemical behaviour which is reflected in terms of durability and strength retention in corrosive environments is influenced by chemistry.
However, the selection of the production and design of fibre to use in a particular application will depend on many factors, including the type of structure, the expected loading, and the environmental conditions.
When taken together these two properties lead to fibre composites having a strength–weight ratio significantly higher than steel plate in some cases.

Priymak2,b 1 Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 M.
The cohesive stress ahead of the crack or notch tip is treated according to von Mises yield criterion as a property of the material, the applied stress and the stress biaxial ratio.
Thus, the cohesive stress ahead of the crack tip is treated according to von Mises yield criterion as a property of the material and the applied stressσas well as the stress biaxial ratiok .
The stress intensity factor at the notch tip is denoted as notch1K .
The failure assessment curve becomes progressively raised above the curve for a crack as the notch elastic stress concentration factor tK decreases (Fig. 3).

The growth of tin whiskers has the potential to affect every industry.
The choice of solder alloy could be influenced by factors such as: substrate material used (e.g. brass or copper), the residual stresses within the substrate (copper-plating, immersion plating), composition and properties of intermetallic compounds formed and the diffusion of alloying elements within the tin.
In view of these factors, a new tin-based solder alloy for electronic components [6], was prepared using melt spinning method [4], is presented in this paper.
Experimental equipment used for the preparation of Sn-based alloy ribbons Figure 3 Sn-Cu-Ga ribbons prepared by melt spinning The experimental equipment, shown in Figure 2 [4], is comprised of: copper roller, mechanical transmission, an electric motor, an induction coil, a cylindrical crucible, a medium frequency generator and a control panel [4], [5].The alloys used in this research programme were developed based on tin-copper with the requirement that they possess good properties for the soldering of electronic components.
Knowing that one the factors of developing tin whiskers is diffusion between Sn and Cu, alloy from Sn-Cu-Ga family can be a potential tin alloy which can be prevents tin whiskers.

And the temperature change in finishing zone is a complex heat exchange process involving a plurality of influence factors.
But, in the actual production process, the rolling temperature depends not only on the empirical or semi-empirical formula, but also on different kinds of steel, roller material, temperature of the cooling water, and working environment factors.
Optimize the Heat exchange coefficient with PSO Through the above analysis, the contact heat transfer coefficient, air cooled coefficient and water-cooled coefficient in the model are the most important factors.
[2] GONG Dian-yao, XU Jian-zhong, LIU Xiang-hua, WANG Guo-dong, “Influencing Factors on Finishing Temperature of St rip During Continuous Hot Rolling,” Journal of Northeastern University Natural Science, 2006, Vol.27(7), p.763-767
[7] TAN Wen, LIU Zhen-yu, WU Di, LIU Xiang-hua, WANG Guo-dong, “Optimization of Processing Parameters-properties Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in Hot Plate Rolling,” Steel Rolling, 2007, Vol. 24(1)

Relations between these factors and unique specifics of offshore type vessels have been pointed out.
The choice of a particular ship power plant is influenced by such factors as: ship electrical energy requirements, specific properties of groups of energy receivers, power plant mass and size aspects and also, treated as very important, the issues of reliability and economy.
Design factors determining the architecture of offshore type vessel power plants Electrical energy requirement depends on the size, destination and specifics of the vessel.
A failure occurring in one of the plants does not affect the operation of the other and thus a high reliability of the system is obtained.
A diagram of a supply vessel (PSV) power plant The power and the layout of the ship power plant as a sum of the installed power in energy source/generating unit modules as well as their types are determined for a defined number and properties of electrical energy receivers in the most important ship operational states.

Depending on the process parameters used, geometric properties are formed, which are of interest in assessing the quality of a joining connection.
In the following the concepts of the resolutions with influencing factors are described.
Resolution Concept and Influencing Factors Various quantities influence the resolution of a CT system (Fig. 1).
Moreover, influencing factors caused by the measurement task are the measuring object with its material and geometric dimensions, the resulting absorption properties of the X-rays and the mounting strategy [4].
That is just one of several influencing and resolution-limiting factors that affect the capture of geometric features.

After the initiation, propagation directions of short cracks are very irregular, and they are affected by the grain boundaries acting as barriers.
The propagation behavior of these so-called fine-structural short fatigue cracks is strongly affected by microstructure properties, such as the grain sizes, the grain orientations and the disorientation of grain boundaries [2], and cannot be described using linear-elastic fracture mechanics.
The specimens, prior to SEM examination in a Zeiss DSM 960 microscope, were prepared by a standard metallographic technique of mechanical grinding and polishing.
Obviously, the above difference will considerably affect the cyclic fatigue of the steel [4].
and packets for which a Schmid factor is maximal.

Performance Evaluation of Spring for the Vehicle Suspension System Using the Nonlinear Finite Element Method Byeong-Soo Kim1, Byung-Young Moon2, a, Sung-Kwan Kim3 1School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, High Safety Vehicle Core Technology Research Center, Inje University, 607, Obang-dong, Gimhae, 621-749, Republic of Korea 2Department of Naval Architecture, Kunsan National University, 1170 Daehagro, Gunsan, 573-701, Republic of Korea 3Department of Control and Robot Engineering Graduate School, Kunsan National University, Republic of Korea amoonby20@gmail.com Keywords: Spring Suspension, Optimized rubber characteristics, Composite Material, Nonlinear Finite Element Method, Damping Performance, Numeric analysis method Abstract.
Air spring is used for the suspension system and it affects the vehicle stability and riding comfort by improving the impact-relief, braking, and cornering performance.
In this study the cord angle of rubber sleeve is the most important factor to estimate behavior of fatigue life on the stress and deformation of air spring suspension.
The experiment of the uniaxial tension test and the pure shear test were performed to find material properties of rubber sleeve and Nylon.
While elasticity was affected to the pure shear test, the surfaces of the specimen’s sides were not changed to pure shear deformation mode.

The superplastic flow in tetragonal zirconia polycrystals stabilised 3mol% Y2O3 (3YTZP) is strongly affected by the dopant cations, which segregate at the grain boundary.
Introduction Because of excellent mechanical properties tetragonal ZrO2 stabilised 3mol% Y2O3 (3Y-TZP) [1] is a promising structural material, but at room temperature this ceramics is hard and brittle (similarly as other ceramics) and hence difficult for mechanical treatment.
It causes that pores are created in the ceramics and mechanical properties of obtained elements make worse.
The bulk Db and grain boundary Dgb diffusion coefficients were calculated respectively from regions 1 and 2 using the equations (1,2) from diffusion theory for instantaneous source boundary condition (thin layer of deposited tracer) [12,13]:1 2 ln 4 −       ∂ ∂ −= x c tDb (1) where: t - annealing time, x- depth, 3/5 5/6 2/1 ln 31.1 −     ∂ ∂ −      = x c t D sD b gbd (2) where: s - segregation factor (=1 for self-diffusion) d - the grain boundary width (= 1nm) A plot of lnc vs. the square of the depth yields a straight line corresponding to region 1 as shown in Fig.2a.
Parameters of Arrhenius equations from Fig.3 dopant - Al2O3 SiO2 MgO spinel GeO2 TiO2 D0b [m2/s] 5x10-8 0.3 4.3x103 2,2x10-5 0.5 7.8x10-4 6.4x10-11 D0gb [m2/s] 2.1x102 6.5x102 1,2x109 0.1 3.6x104 0.5 1.1x106 Qb [J/mol] 312 530 668 394 540 453 212 Qgb [J/mol] 534 526 721 397 582 435 643 where: D0b and D0gb are preexponential factors respectively to bulk and grain boundary diffusion, Qb and Qgb are activation energies respectively to bulk and grain boundary diffusion.