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Different mass scaling factors and element-types are used to optimize and develop the model for accurate prediction in the least possible computation time.
Advances in finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to accurately represent the complex deformation process and capture local mechanical response of the material under the forming tool.
They calibrated the Barlat Yld2004-18p non-quadratic yield function using crystal plasticity model as out-of-plane tensile test properties could not be obtained experimentally.
· Multiple mass scaling factors and element types are tested in FE simulation of the above-mentioned case.
Bao, “Size effect affected springback in micro/meso scale bending process: Experiments and numerical modeling,” J.

Introduction Coiling temperature is a very important factor to determine the mechanical properties of hot rolled strips such as tensile strength, yield stress and elongation of steels.
Purpose of coiling temperature control (CTC) is to keep coiling temperature and/or cooling rate, cooling route as their targets which are requested to achieve material properties and microstructures.
When strip cooling on run out table, cooling performance is much affected by heat transfer between strip and cooling medium such as air convection, heat radiation, spray cooling, and also by upstream control results such as strip speed changes, strip finishing temperature deviation and strip flatness.
However, emissivity of strip is affected by many factors such as steel grade, thickness and temperature.

Mechanical, physical and chemical properties of copper were investigated before and after immersion tests.
The changes of fuel properties of the blend such as total acid number (TAN) and color changes were also investigated.
Among them, copper alloy based parts like fuel pump; bearing, bushing, etc. are mostly affected by the fuel [8-9].
These may give rise to potential problems such as interaction with metal surfaces and at the same time, degradation of fuel properties.
The metal pieces present in fuel may degrade the fuel properties.

These two energy factors have attracted international decision-makers and have been incorporated into energy policies and building codes [3].
Besides, the properties of the building envelope materials could directly affect the indoor air temperature.
This will lead to a more expensive thermal energy storage systems and will affect the mechanical strength of the ceiling.
This will increase the thermal storage capacity without affecting wall’s mechanical properties.
Although a significant loss of compressive strength has been demonstrated by the incorporation of PCM, the mechanical properties of the final product fall within the limits of authorized construction standards.

Introduction Cost factors of production are highly affected by process planning (e.g.
The cylindricity error can be affected by the parameters shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 Factors that could affect the error of cylindricity [37] Experiments The execution of diamond burnishing is shown on Fig. 2.
Vereschaka, Improvement of by modifying its surface properties by application of wear-resistant complexes.
Momani, Further improvements in some properties of shot peened components using the burnishing process, Int.

The samples for metallographic observation [12] were prepared through a conventional mechanical polishing and followed by etching with Graff Seagent solution (1mL HF, 16mL HNO3, 3g CrO3 and 83mL water).
Thin foils for TEM were prepared by mechanical polishing to 60 μm and final twin-jet electro polishing in the solution of 25% HNO3+ 75% CH3OH (volume fraction) at -25 °C.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of tear test specimen Results Fracture toughness & mechanical property.
The microstructure of alloy obviously affects the fracture toughness [17-18, 20].
The fracture mode is dependent on the competition of the intergranular and transgranular fracture, which is controlled by two factors [7, 12]: one is the area fraction of the grain boundary precipitates, and the other is the strength difference between the matrix and grain boundary.

There has been some research on the instability mechanism of trench wall and factors that influence trench stability.
Scholars researched the influence of the slurry property, soil condition, underground water, additional ground load, trench shape and size et al[2-5].
To be precise, the technique factor means the impact of slurry flow on the trench wall caused by the grab’s moving up and down in slurry.
Addition to the overload, the mechanical vibration is inevitable.
It may change the soil properties and lead to large deformation and further endanger the stability of the slurry-trench.

After a comprehensive consideration of various factors, including variation of energy efficiency, room volume, air outlet size, and that the maximum air exchange rates of different rooms are fixed.
Fig. 1 Simulation model (source [2]) Table 1 Construction parameters of the simulation model Room Room area(m2) Orientation Area ratio of window to wall Window material Main bedroom 13.11 Southeast 0.28 Co-extruded hollow aluminum window Subaltern room 11.38 Northwest 0.33 Living room 39.33 Northwest 0.43 Single-layer aluminum window Table 2 Thermal performance of envelope Component Roof Exterior wall Interior wall Co-extruded hollow aluminum window Single-layer aluminum window U-factor( W/ (m2•K)) 2.18 2.69 1.52 2.9 6.5 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Schedule.
Since the air exchange rate is related to room volume, size and position of air outlets and so on, and considering the height of each floor in residential building is limited, no-pipe mechanical ventilation is more appropriate due to the mechanical ventilation with pipes installed in the ceiling, which then causes a need to do ceiling decoration.
Outlet size not only affects the appearance of the building, but also directly determines the supply air velocity, if the air quantity is large and the size of the outlet is limited, the wind speed of air inlet can be too strong, and even unsafe.
In the future, this method can be used in any typical residential buildings of Guangzhou so as to determine the approximate range of parameter a, b and c in the above function, and also the effect of construction factors to each parameter could be analyzed by this way, such as building orientation, floor, function of rooms, thermal properties of envelope.

It is expected that with improvements in mechanical and tribological properties, hydrogels could be served as promising load-bearing biomaterials.
The covalent bonds between the hydrogel network and NPs is a key factor in fulfilment of load-transfer between two phases, leading to an increase in mechanical strength and toughness.
For instance, incorporation of silicon-based NPs in the biomaterial, would add the bioactive properties to it, as silicon is known to contribute significantly in osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, as well as encouraging collagen type I production [15].
A previous study showed the introduction of nano- particle hydroxyapatite into PEG matrix, improved the mechanical properties and structural stability to endure philological environment, in addition to an increase of cell adhesion [15].
In general, pitting was less occurred in NCHs compared to the reference hydrogel, thanks to the influence of Si-NP on mechanical property improvement of the matrix.

Moreover, it had also affected by physic factors, namely bulk density, fiber size thickness, porosity, airflow resistivity, tortuosity, and air gap spacing [7].
Initially, oil palm fronds were removed leaf blades, cut approximately 10 mm in thickness, and sun-dried to reduce moisture content before mechanical processing.
Seddeq, “Factors Influencing Acoustic Performance of Sound Absorptive Materials,” Aust.
Arnaud, “Acoustical properties of materials made of vegetable particles with several scales of porosity,” Appl.
Ferrandez-García, “Assessment of the physical, mechanical and acoustic properties of Arundo donax L. biomass in low pressure and temperature particleboards,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 6, 2020, doi: 10.3390/POLYM12061361