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These regions may have less advantageous mechanical properties; nevertheless they can serve as lubricant in the wearing process.
Experimental results Due to the numerous factors influencing the behaviour of the tribological system the evaluation of tribological test data supposes a very careful treatment.
SiC, complex oxides, etc.) are assumed to be created during heat treatment that caused significantly different properties (HV, E) in closely neighbouring areas of the specimens.
Hoffmann: SiC/Si3N4 nano/micro-composite - processing, RT and HT mechanical properties, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Volume 20, Issue 4, April 2000, Pages 453-462
Kuzsella: Some tribological properties of a carbon-derived Si3N4/SiC nanocomposite, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 24 (2004) 3431-3435 [7] I.

Research on Mechanism of UPM-PECM Compound Finishing The UPM-PECM compound finishing, which is a combined machining technique consisting of pulse electrolytic action and ultrasonic polishing machining, uses mechanical vibration of supersonic frequency in the ultrasonic wave and pulse electrochemical machining, accompanied with machining tool as cathode and workpiece as anode and high-speed flowing electrolyte containing many mill grains existing between tool and workpiece.
To simplify the Eq.4, if 2 5 6 5 3 5 2 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 1 1 4 5 3 4 f V A E E V ρ ν ν πρ ρ −     − −   = +            , A is consistent when the feature of mill grain, machining material and electrolyte medium are determinate: ( )6 5 2 0 h P AR A e α− = （5） The length LC and depth hC of transversal crack of hard and brittle metal material are [6,7]: ( )3 4 1L C C P Kξ= （6） ( ) 1 2 2hC P Hξ= （7） Where 1ξ, 2ξ are proportionality factor, and CK , H are fracture toughness property and hardness of machining workpiece material desperately.
The total removal quantity M in UPM-PECM compound finishing from Eq.3 and Eq.9 is: ( ) ( ) 12 5 1 4 1 2 0 0 p R h p e t UZ M K h K NBR A e nF t t R α λη − − = + + （10） Where 1K and 2K are proportionality factor, and 11K > and 2 1K > .
Research on factors affecting machining quality of pulse electroch- emical polishing [J].
China Mechanical Engineering, 2005,16(8),p. 664 -666(In Chinese)

On the other hand, numerical method, derived from sound mechanical principles and validated against experimental data.
Figure.1 Strength model of material model It should be mentioned that rate dependence of the model is represented by a dynamic strength increase factor (DIF) as follows, (5) where C is a constant, is the actual equivalent strain rate, is a reference strain rate used to normalize the strain rate.
Table.1 Properties of granite rock mass with good quality The material constants A and N in the model for the intact rock mass are derived from the result of the [24].
The Hoek–Brown criterion is an empirical criterion originally developed for applications in underground excavation design, which is expressed as (6) Numerical Simulations Mechanical properties of rock materials are affected by strain rate, which may influence the rock fracture pattern.

Several factors affecting the process outcome are the bacteria selection [3,4], enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolite products [5], micro-nanoporous role [3,6] on lignite surface in the biodegradation/ biosolubilisation/ bioleaching [7] and biosorption-desorption process [8].
Column bioflotation stage mainly has a function in further depyritization-demineralization based on the differences in surface properties, i.e. hydrophilic-hydrophobic [10], for the recovery of clean coal with the principle of aerohydrodynamic mechanism and particle-bubble countercurrent [11], which distinguishes it from the mechanical flotation method.
Organic sulphur degradation of 4 different biotreatment methods (A: without preconditioning; B: 0 day treatment; C: 15 days treatment; D : 40 days treatment) with 2 level column flotation reagent treatment (minimum dosage of reagent (-), maximum dosage of reagent (+)) and three factors (fine coal characteristic & M biotreatment, K collector, B frother).
F0 value results from variance analysis of 3 factor factorial design of each treatment method with value of F0,05(1, 8) = 3,46 compared to organic sulphur degradation.

The magnitude of the electrical conductivity of host oxides themselves is determined by the different factors.
Compared to materials based on zirconia, CeO2-based materials have poorer mechanical properties.
It is reported that Gd2TiO7 is a better sintering aid than pure TiO2 in terms of lowering the sintering temperature without adversely affecting other properties [264-265].
As a result, these processes may become the limiting factors for the cell performance.
Meriani, Mechanical properties in the ceria-zirconia system, J.

Both UML and OCL, while typically related to software, may be used also for modeling systems from other engineering subject areas, such as electrical or mechanical engineering.
A class diagram is the UML main building block that shows, at an abstract level, elements of the developed system, their properties and operations – thus it possess the capacity to reflect effectively the structure of the system.
Mutation operators are key elements in mutation testing, as the number of mutants they generate and the quality of these mutants affect the process, costs and the results of mutation testing.
Data collected during the experiment were used to calculate, for the evaluated mutation operators, their contribution factors (CF), mutation scores (MS) and impact indicators (II).
However, the results seem also to suggest that some of these operators may be rejected without affecting depreciatingly the mutation testing, while other should always be applied.

Micromechanical properties of the alloy were detected with the aid of statistical nanoindentation.
Material properties used for the simulation were determined by compression and tension tests performed with Zwick Z250 machine.
The in/homogeneity of the micromechanical properties was studied by means of statistical nanoindentation.
Average tube wall mechanical properties were measured with Hysitron Tribolab® nanoindenter equipped with the Berkovich tip indenter.
After the extrusion microstructure and micromechanical properties of obtained tubes were studied.

Due to constant exposure to high torque and loads toughness, compressive durability and light weight of joint parts are crucial factors for biped walking humanoid robot parts.
When polymer transmission parts are used for the manufacture of humanoid robot joint, wear becomes an important factor in terms of transmission error (backlash) between the input and output axes, ex. between the motor and the robot’s leg joint.
Joints with poor transmission accuracy or failing elements significantly affect the robot’s performance, regardless of the control system quality.
With its excellent friction and wear properties, high impact durability, high corrosion resistance, low specific gravity, high melting temperature of 340˚C, glass transition temperature of 143˚C and heat deflection temperature of 195˚C, PEEK composite is superior to other polymers.
This results show that PEEK bush roughness as tribological property is strongly related to the backlash as mechanical performance.

In this work, the formation of annealing twins in a 304L austenitic stainless steel is examined in relation to the thermo-mechanical history.
Being one of the most important kinds of special boundaries, annealing twin boundaries affect many properties like anti-corrosion and anti-fatigue in a large variety of materials, including such technologically important material as superalloys [2].
In the growth accident theory, the migration distance and migration velocity of grain boundary are two key positive factors to annealing twin generation.
Experimental details 2.1 Material and thermo-mechanical treatments.
Table 1, Chemical composition of 304L Chemical composition of 304L C Mn Si P S Cr Ni N <0.03 <2.00 <0.75 <0.045 0.03 8.0~12.0 8.0~112.0 <0.10 After thermo-mechanical treatment, samples were water quenched to fix as much as possible the microstructure.

Tturbulent field consist of different size eddy, the difference caused by eddy pulling between the largest and smallest sizes of which depends on specific flow property.
(10) Including: K is a function of physical property and oar model, when the type of agitator and mixing materials are determined, K is constant.
The size of aperture ratio directly relate to the velocity gradient flowing through fluid around between pores and blades, and thus affect the ratio between the local energy dispersion in the groove fluid and the main body energy dispersion, so this will affect the groove macro mixing process. 3.3.2 the aperture of opening pores When aperture ratio is constant, the diameter of pores must relate to the speed of orifice flowing, and also affect the speed of orifice flowing and the velocity gradient around surrounding fluid.
The kinetic energy of concurrent flow losses in the process of exchange, that makes the entrainment effect could not be completely played, affecting eddy diffusion.
Application of Fluorescent PIV and Digital Image Analysis to Measure Turbulence Properties of Solid-liquid Stirred Suspensions[J].