Search results

First, by applying LM methods as VSM, the current state of the plant is analyzed in order to propose waste reduction and upgrades in the facilities.
A valid table model in terms of cost and time reduction with an increase in the quality of both products and process is looked for.
A reduction around 2% and 4% of the investment costs is obtained, and only around 0.5% and 1% of the investment costs correspond to simulation costs [10].
It is important to give the program as much data as possible; the exact trajectory of each piece, the transformation that it suffers, process and transportation times, location of storage places and shipping area, the devices and routes to move the parts, etc.

In this kind of the stochastic supply chain, it’s difficult to achieve optimal safety stock before observing the realized data because the decision-maker doesn’t know who is (are) supplier(s) at next purchase period.
Agent technologies have been used in inventory management in previous research, such as reduction of the bullwhip effect [1].
Boccadoro studied the reduction of the bullwhip effect on supply chain systems by multi-agent technologies [2].
Fuzzy agent-based model for reduction of bullwhip effect in supply chain systems.

Even when such precautions could result in more uniform distribution of precipitates, none of them will prevent the barrier from a reduction of the porosity during the entire period of operation.
A major problem of the treatment of waters with a high content of dissolved metals by adjusting the pH is the formation of precipitated hydroxides, which leads to a reduction of the hydraulic conductivity of the layer and thus to a reduction in the life of the barrier.
From the analysis of the data obtained at two different flow rates (Fig. 3a, b) it was found out that by increasing the flow, the accumulation of precipitates at the entrance of the column and the subsequent formation of preferential flow were eliminated.

The reduction of water’s consumption ends up requiring less amount of cement to a desired strength (usually defined by the water/cement ratio, which is responsible for the porosity of the cement paste).
The water absorption as measured by the standard method showed a relative reduction of about 31% for concrete and red ceramic aggregates.
In the case of the treated aggregates, the water uptake was significantly lower (~ 30% of relative reduction).
Esbensen, “Representative sampling for reliable data analysis: Theory of Sampling,” Chemom.

The data is transferred to a computer with the help of the DasyLab program.
Values of four different indicators by varying the pouring temperatures (X axis) and the cutting temperature (legend). 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 635°C 655°C 675°C Pouring temperature (°C) Area (J) 600°C 595°C 590°C 585°C 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 635°C 655°C 675°C Pouring temperature (°C) Maximum force (N) 600°C 595°C 590°C 585°C Over 200 N c) d) a) b) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0 0 Pouring temperature (°C) Maximum force (N) A357 + TiB2 A357 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 0 0 Pouring temperature (°C) Peak distance (mm) A357 + TiB2 A357 But, this reduction is smaller than when lowering the pouring temperature from 655 to 635 o C.
However, the grain size reduction by TiB2 is much smaller than when lowering the pouring temperature from 655 to 635°C.
It seems that at higher pouring temperatures the addition of TiB2 does refine grain size, but this grain refining is not translated into a noticeable reduction of the α-Al particle size.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the data on the influence of CSR on this type of commercially available composite is very limited.
Obviously, the color particles cause a drastic reduction of GIc,comp but not of the fracture toughness GIc of the bulk material.
To further analyse the reasons for the reduction of GIc of the GFRP, computed micro tomography analysis was performed.
It was also found that the introduction of the oxide particles for coloration increased the pore formation in the laminate, which led to a reduction of the interlaminar fracture toughness GIc below the level of the neat UP.

Table 1 Mechanical properties of TC4 Heat treatment method Annealing Hardness (HRC) 34 Tensile strength (MPa) 965 Yield strength (MPa) 895 Elongation (%) 14 Reduction of area (%) 34 Table 2 Grinding wheel parameters Abrasive CBN Diamond External diameter (mm) 350 350 Width (mm) 6 6 Grain size (μm) 80-100 120-140 Concentration (%) 200 100 Bond type Vetrified Resin bond As listed in Table 2, special vetrified CBN wheel and resin bond diamond wheel were used for experiment.
As shown in Fig. 6, the increase of Z'w results in a regular reduction of grinding force ratio.
It is seen that there is a critical value (about 1.9μm) and the reduction in es becomes slow and gentle when the value of hmax is greater than this critical value.
In two groups of the experiments, Pm is increased with the increase in Sw and they show some linear relationship. 0 Sw /(×10 4·mm 2·s-1) Pm /(×10 2 ·N·m·s-1) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Resin bond diamond wheel Vetrified CBN wheel Fig. 10 Relationship between the Pm and the Sw Conclusions By analysis of experiment data, the maximum undeformed chip thickness hmax, equivalent chip thickness aeq and specific material removal rate Zw' are key parameters in HSDG of TC4.

Introduction Currently, the reduction factor is widely used in most of the seismic design codes, trying to compensate the effects of significant overstrength and ductility of the structure to withstand seismic load.
In other words, design codes allow simplified elastic analysis to be performed, calculating the design forces acting on the structure from spectra based on linear behaviour and properly scaled down by a suitable reduction factor that accounts for the global nonlinear effects.
The reduction factor is called behaviour factor (q-factor) in EC8 [1] and response modification factor (R-factor) in UBC [2].
Data of the frames are presented in Table 1 taken from Kamaris et al. [16].

The BM5 frame (CBXF with vertical loads) showed a smooth softening branch after yielding, with a small reduction of the bearing capacity against the horizontal loads.
The failure of the braced frames subjected to monotonic loading was characterized first by the buckling of the brace in compression, causing a reduction of the frame stiffness.
In particular with regards to the geometry the reference paper lacks the data about the stiffeners of the beam to column panel joint, the brace length, the size and thickness of the connecting plates at the beam-column-brace and at the braces intersections.
The buckling resistance is very sensitive to the initial imperfection value, since, when the latter grows, a reduction of both tensile and compressive strengths of braces occurs.

When it comes to suspension system which accounts for about 15 to 20 percent of unsprung weight in an automobile, a polymeric composite leaf spring would be a potential item for weight reduction and improved fuel efficiency [5, 6].
Weight reduction of about 80% and higher natural frequency, lower bending stress were the findings of the research.
The spring was left in the mould for 3 days, to make certain that the curing is complete, though the data sheet provided specifies the curing duration as 24h at room temperature.
A weight reduction of about 60% was obtained in case of mono composite leaf springs.