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Particularly, the equal loudness contours and sound pressure were compared to analyze how these devices affect the auditory sense of a human being.
Characteristics of Human Auditory Sense and Properties of BA Earphones Characteristics of Human Auditory Sense Figure 1 below illustrates the graph of equal loudness (ISO 226:2003), which can be applied to average people of 18~30-year-old with normal hearing ability.
This mechanism ultimately converts electric energy into mechanical acoustic energy.
It should be pointed out that many factors affect the sound quality of earphones.
Those factors include materials, shape of housing, internal structure, type of cable material, and type of driver unit.

ZnAl2O4 properties can be used as dielectric material, sensor and Uv-transparent conductor [3].
ZnAl2O4 compound have a unique combinations of properties such as high mechanical resistance, low surface acidity and also high thermal stability where it can be used as high temperature material [4].
New addition compound of SiO2 into ZnAl2O4 will affected the surface morphology and electrical properties that will give an advantage for microwave application.
The energy bandgap of (1-x)ZnAl2O4 – xSiO2 samples tend to decrease due to the properties of SiO2 as dielectric material.
Tauc, Optical Properties of Amorphous Semiconductors, in: J.

These deformation parameters are plotted against the Taylor factor, calculated in each grain.
Introduction In low carbon steel sheets, a high degree of deformation by cold rolling is needed to create the desirable crystallographic textures that improve the formability properties of these materials.
The degree of banding seems unaffected by rolling temperature in IF material and affects one third of the grains after 65% reduction, as seen by Barnett [5].
The objective is now to correlate these experimental parameters to mechanical parameters which can be predicted by deformation models.
R2 = 0.13 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0 5 10 15 20 Mean misorientation / grain (°) Taylor factor R 2 = 0.21 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Mean (local misorientation) / grain (°) Taylor factor Fig. 6: Correlation between mean grain misorientation and Taylor factor with 24 systems considered ({110} and {112} planes).

The results showed the pyramid absorbing material had the good absorbing property, and as the FeSiAl plate was the substrate the absorbing property in the low frequency 2-4GHz could be improved while the absorbing property in the high frequency 4-18GHz was better.
The ideal absorbing material should have the characteristics of absorption frequency bandwidth, light weight, thin thickness, good physical and mechanical properties, easy usage, etc.
But it has not been solved yet, in the case of civil absorbing materials, the thickness is a certain challenge to achieve high absorption rates at low-frequency, because the thickness is an important factor affecting surface impedance.
Therefore, in order to improve the absorbing properties of the material, it is necessary not only to improve the electromagnetic parameters of the material, but also to design the structure with high absorption rate as much as possible.
It was coincident with the property of the CIPs composite, the magnetic loss determined the absorbing property of the materials.

In order to accurately describe the physical properties of the material, this paper selects the Power Law material model of AdvantEdge FEM, including thermal softening , strain hardness , and the strain rate sensitivity .
The factors selected are the tool edge diameter d, the cutting speed Vc, the feed amount f, the drilling depth h, and the back taper Kt.
Four levels of these five factors were experimentally studied.
It can be seen from equations (8) and (12) that various factors have different effects on thrust force and torque.
In addition, the increase of the core thickness increment causes the thrust force to have the tendency to decrease; likewise, the degree to which torque is affected by various factors is similar to the thrust force.

The KD2 Pro, fully portable thermal properties analyser, was used to measure thermal conductivity of nanofluids.
Murshed et al [3] observed 33% enhancement in thermal conductivity at 5% volume concentration with water as a base fluid.Utomo et al [4] compared measured thermal property values with theoretical models.
The important factors affecting the Nanofluids thermal conductivity are 1) Brownian motion2) Nanolayer3) Nanoclusters 4) Thermophoresis5) Specific Surface Area of Nanoparticles 6) pH of Nanofluid.Rubio et al [9] found negligible enchancement of viscosity in SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 suspensions at different pH and solid volume fractions.
Eastman, Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition.

So it increases the time reserve of penetration and improves the property of penetration and lubricating effect.
Through researching on the cutting force and SEM pictures of chip, the influenced laws can be found that these factors affect on the lubricating effects with water vapor jet assisted turning.
The Laws of Cutting Force Fc Affected by Setting Pressure Pa.
The Laws of Cutting Force Fc Affected by Cooling Distance Lp.
Wang: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.36 (2000) No.8, pp.6

All those aspects consequently enhance the mechanical properties of the weld metal and the joint itself.
Digital voltage and current signals recorded were used for further statistical analysis with number of factors and indicators commonly utilizing for signals analyzes.
Carrer factor [8] as defined as the ratio between the minimum of current registered and the mean current value, calculated as ratio (n) of the east current value (occurred directly after short circuit) to the mean of welding current: The Carrer criterion (n) states that higher value of factor corresponds with better welding properties.
Sharma, Process stability evaluation of basic coated MMAW electrodes, using statistical analysis, mechanical properties and hydrogen content, Journal of Production Engineering, Institution of Engineers (India) (2006), 86
Cegielski, Study of technological properties of inverter welding power supplies, Welding Overview (2006), 9-10 (in Polish)

It has been found that these experimental studies took a long time, due to many involved factors such as the electromagnetic gap, electric current, materials, etc. [2].
The electromagnetic force is considered to be a key factor in electromagnetic analysis.
In the finite element analysis, soft magnetic materials, which have the properties of high magnetic conductivity and low coercive force, should be used.
To realize a faster response, At least two factors should be considered in choice of soft magnetic materials: the initial permeability and electrical resistivity.The higher a initial permeability , the better the material performance is.
As seen in Eq. (6), the current excitation I also affects on the magnetic force.

A variety of post weld mechanical and thermal treatments have been developed during the last decades.
It becomes clear that compressive residual stresses are located predominantly in the transition to the heat affected zone.
The beneficial changes of the surface condition regarding residual stress and hardness contribute to an improved fatigue property which could be calculated quantitatively: Figure 6.
This process is generally used to improve the mechanical properties of axisymetrical components such as shafts in the industry.
Another important factor is the stability of the induced compressive residual stresses which should be studied further.