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Sintering process affects the crystallinity of the HA layer.
Metals that can be used as the substrate layer in exchange of titanium alloy is an alloy of cobalt, because its mechanical properties is similar to titanium alloys, its biocompatibility is slightly below the titanium alloy, but the price is cheaper than titanium alloys[ 12-16].
Corrotion ratempy=0,13∙Icorr∙EWρ (2) 0.13: metric conversion factors and time, Icorr: current density when Ecorr (uA /cm2), ρ: density (g / cm3), EW: equivalent weight The corrosion test was done by inserting the sample into the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) which was in the series of potensiostat chamber.
The influences of target properties and deposition times on pulsed laser deposited hydroxyapatite films.
Pulsed Laser Deposition on Hydroxyapatite thin Film on Ti-6Al-4V, Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Properties.

In some cases, the problem also was extended to find proper distributions of the structural fixations and connections to improve different structural performances like stiffness or dynamic properties [6,7].On the other hand, some works on the multi-fasteners were done to analysis stress and predict the failure [8].
At this point, the shear load on the joint fastener becomes a critical limiting factor in a weighting saving design.
Also we discuss the different constraints value how to affect the optimization process.
Summary In this paper, we discuss how the value of the fasteners pin load constraint affects the optimal results.
Chirehdast : Journal of Mechanical Design Vol. 119 (1997), p. 40 [7] T.

Ho et al.reviewed the WEDM research involving the optimization of the process parameters surveying the influence of the various factors affecting the machining performance and productivity.
Different settings of pulse on time, pulses off time, wire speed selected and used in the experiments are presented in Table 1. zinc coated copperbrass wire was selected due its better friction,yield strength and enhanced machining speed properties as the tool electrode for experiments.
The composition and properties is given in Table 1.
Chemical composition and Properties of WC-15%Co Composite Wt of Wt of Grain Density Young’s Transverse Hardness Coeff.of WC Co Size g/ c.c Modulus Rupture thermal % % microfine GPa MPa HRA ExpansionK-¹ 85 15 < 1 14 520 3102.64 87.5 5.9 *10-6 3.2.
The control factors selected to analyze Taguchi L27 experiments were 4 factors at three levels, the range details of which is presented in Table 2.The process parameters with coded units and the output results are presented in Table 3.

Introduction Mechanical system dynamics analysis software ADAMS virtual prototype developed by the United States MDI analysis software, to provide users with a powerful modeling and simulation environment, allowing users to be able to conduct a variety of mechanical systems modeling, simulation and analysis.
Therefore, its institutions will directly affect the image quality of the zoom lens.
Figure 1 Lens model into ADAMS Figure 2 Defined the parameters of the zoom lens Import model in ADAMS set and modify properties, materials, color and other characteristics, as shown in Figure 2.
Refinement of the model is, after preliminary simulation analysis to determine the basic movement of the model, to increased more complex factors in the model, in order to refine the model.
After preliminary experiments show the mechanical guide mechanism used in this paper are obtained good results, can achieve the desired purpose well, and has good reliability.

It is given the analysis of the factors that reduce the effectiveness of the composites using in conductometric gas sensors, which should be taken into account while designing and fabricating sensors based on metal oxide composites.
Moreover, the most significant changes in the properties of the gas sensors occur at concentrations of additives, which are close to the solubility limit of МеII in MeIO [28].
For example, Gaskov and co-workers [17, 18, 31], who studied SnO2-based composites with additives such as Fe2O3, MoO3, RuOx, Sb2O5, NiO, La2O3, CuO and V2O5, have found that additives in addition to influence on structural properties of gas sensing matrix affect a redox properties and acidity/basicity of the surface.
At that the studies devoted to a detailed analysis of the composition influence on the gas sensing properties of the composite-based sensors is insufficient for reliable conclusions.
As a rule, the majority researches study composites with a limited number of variations in the composition, which does not give a true picture of the composition's influence on the gas sensing properties, necessary for determination of the composites, which are really optimal for different applications.

Properties of parent material.
Chemical composition and mechanical properties of steel 15XM of which the forgings were made, in accordance with standard GOST 4543-71 [2], are presented in tables 1 and 2.
Mechanical properties, values for normalized and annealed state of material Steel GOST Yield strength YS [N/mm2] Tensile strength TS [N/mm2] Elongation A [%] Contraction Z [%] Impact strength KCU [KJ/m2] Hardness [HB] 15XM 4543-71 min 440 min 650 min 21 min 45 118 179 Weldability analysis.
Chemical composition of pure weld metal is presented in table 3, while mechanical properties of pure weld metal are presented in table 4.
Mechanical properties of pure weld metal Electrode Yield stress YS0.2% [N/mm2] Tensile strength Rm [N/mm2] Elongation A5 [%] Impact energy KV300/2 [J/cm2] OK 67. 70 > 450 530 - 630 > 22 > 47 (- 20 0C) Procedure of preparation works for defect reparation.

So under certain conditions, the metallurgical powder material have better mechanical behavior, it has a very positive implications on improving the property of machine tool joint interfaces. 3) The more the pre-tightening load is, the greater the unit area stiffness and damping are.
It is easier to exclude factors which can affect the identification accuracy of test. 2) Furthermore, after equivalent transformation, each parameter in the formula is easy to measure, so not only the difficulty of the experiment is decreased but also the result is easier to obtain. 3) Last but not least, the using the adjustable coefficient k provided a reliable guarantee for high-precision identification.
Stiffness and damping properties of the elements of a machine tool structure.Annals of the CIRP. 1979, 28: 235-239 [5] Xiao Yichuan, Research on dynamic characteristic of the assembled structure of beams considering characteristic of joint [D],Beijing University of technology,2010(in Chinese) [6] T.
Stiffness and damping properties of the elements of a machine tool structure.
Identification of Mass, Damping and Stiffness Matrices of Matrices of Mechanical Systems.

For solving the problem, various basic researches about the factors that influence cutting force in cutting procedures have been conducted, including tool geometry and cutting parameters .
Both of them affected the milling force extensively and were of considerable importance in orthopedic surgery.
Overheating would alter mechanical properties of living bone [8,9].
The meshes are assigned with the material and structural properties which define how the structure will react to certain loading conditions.
The reason of this phenomenon might be that shear angle increased with cutting speed increasing, plastic flow stress decreases; on the other hand, bone is sensitive to temperature, the temperature rise might change the mechanical properties.

Such models apply geometric approximations of the bend features to be produced to provide the bend allowance for each bend line, depending on the characteristics of the bend features, such as bend angle, inner radius, sheet thickness, and material properties.
Secondly, a mathematical model estimating the dimensional accuracy of a part based on the errors from the major influencing factors is established.
Methodology The mathematic models presented below quantify the relationship between the dimensions obtained in a part and the influencing factors listed in the previous section.
Fig. 1 Influencing parameters used in the analytical models for bend angle and bend lengths In such steps, dimensional inaccuracies from various factors contribute to the inaccuracies of the newly formed bend length and bend angle based on the geometry model through the equations (1) and (2) where the sensitivities of participating factors can be derived.
In order to minimise the fluctuations in material properties, the sheets were taken from the same coil that was cold rolled, annealed and skin-passed.

Williams1 1 School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and Management, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
The resulting high performance drive shafts are smaller, lighter and have thinner walls and it is essential that the factors affecting instability are known and understood.
Material Properties.
The material properties were assumed to be rate independent.
This established that an imperfection factor of the order of 1 to 5% would be appropriate.