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Study on the Cooling System of super-capacitors for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Zhengpeng Xia1,a, Chenquan Zhou1,b, Dan Shen1,c , Hongjun Ni1,d, Yinnan Yuan1,e, Liao Ping1,f 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019 axiazhengpeng246@163.com, bteyaxiu@126.com, ccooldan_1988@126.com, dhjni910@yahoo.com.cn, eyuanyn@ntu.edu.cn, fliao.p@ntu.edu.cn Key words: hybrid electric vehicle; super-capacitors; cooling system; Star CCM+; Abstract.
Introduction Super-capacitor as one of the important sources of energy of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), its performance would directly affect the performance and security of the HEV.
In all the external factors that influencing the performances of super-capacitor, the influent degree of temperature on the performance was the most.
If the super-capacitor package couldn’t cool timely, the difference of temperature is bound to occur around the single capacitance, which causes the performance of the capacitor package inconsistencies, thus affecting the service life of the capacitor package, even appear security risks[2].
The mainly reason was at the low temperature, electrolyte conductivity was small, the migration resistance increased, made the dynamic properties of lithium ion reduce, leaded to the discharge capacity of the capacitor decrease; (3) Under the condition of high temperature, the discharge energy of capacitor would increase, but when the temperature was higher than 55℃, the discharge energy and efficiency of the capacitors would decrease.

In general, the main factors affecting concrete cracks comprise concrete temperature difference, autogenous volume shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus, creep of concrete, bond to concrete from foundation or constraints to new concrete from old concrete, pouring block length and thickness, ultimate elongation, surface heat performance, conservation measures and structural conditions and parting block construction stratification, etc., which are related to time.
Cracks is not a simple problem, but a comprehensive topic consist of structural design, thermal and mechanical properties of materials, method of construction and process as well as engineering control measures.
There are fluctuations in the temperature rising process of point 10 which was affected by air temperature.
Maximum temperature of this section difference between inside and outside (3.5 days) is about 6.93oC, less than case 1 which was around 6.07oC The results of feature point 10th on the surface also has a similar affect.

In addition, more and more materials of better properties have been developed and utilized for fabricating such products.
Similar to electrical discharge machining (EDM), ECDM is not affected by the strength or hardness of the materials.
These bubbles coalesce and form an insulating gas film, whose structure and stability would affect the machining performance.
Factors influencing the structure and stability of gas film include dispersion of bubbles, replenishment of electrolyte, voltage supply, current density, and shape of tool electrode.
The workpiece is made of quartz, which has been widely applied in micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). 

Except of the fifth metatarsal (Fig.1) which separated as cortical and spongy two bodies, all the foot bones were considered as one layer material, and the mechanical properties of foot tissues were assigned according to the FE model developed by Gu et al.[3].
In this study, we found that the stiffness of the slip fascia could highly affect the fifth metatarsal’s deformation.
This suggests that the stiffness of the slip fascia is an important factor to be considered in dealing with the fifth metatarsal avulsion fracture, which is in agreement with previous research works.
Richli and Rosenthal [11] suggested that the slip fascia is an important structure that affects tuberosity avulsion fracture associated with inversion and plantar flexion of the forefoot.

Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanocapsules DING Zhao-yong1, a, SUN Bao-min1, b, JIA Bin1, c and DING Xiao-lian2, d 1School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, China 2School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, China adingzhaoyong@ncepu.edu.cn; bsbm@ncepu.edu.cn; cathrun_Jin@163.com; da-b-c-d-e-f-g2006@163.com Key words: Carbon Nanotubes; Nanocapsules; Pyrolysis flame; Sampling time; Catalyst concentration; FE-SEM; HR-TEM.
In addition, it is to say that catalyst concentration is the most important one among all the factors that can be used to determine whether the main products are carbon nanotubes or nanocapsules, and the structures of nanocapsules are also analyzed in detail.
In the experiments of carbon nanotubes synthesis, numbers of factors can affect the products and the capabilities of carbon nanotubes.
Catalyst concentration is one of the most important catalyst factors which can decide the properties of products.
Sampling time is the crucial factor in determining product type and the characteristics of carbon nanotubes. 5 mins are economic for carbon nanotubes synthesis.

However, Permeability is known as a characteristic of concrete which can be considered as an important factor in concrete durability, because the problems relevant to concrete durability are closely related to the concrete permeability.
Permeability is an essential and important index for concrete durability, which measures the difficult degree of a gas, liquid or ion permeate, proliferate and move in concrete with specific viscosity under a pressure gradient, affected by pressure, chemical potential or electric field.
Experimental Method （1）Experimental method of concrete mechanical property [3].
There are lots of factors influence concrete impermeability and gas-proof, especially water cement ratio.
Summary Concrete impermeability grade and gas-proof property improve with the increasing of strength grade, and concrete gas-proof property improves with the increasing of impermeability grade.

Although the sign and the strength of the Casimir force depend strongly on the properties of the plates, it is found that in the high temperature regime, the Casimir force has a classical limit that does not depend on the properties of the medium separating the plates.
To study the properties of the Casimir force in the low temperature regime (, we need to do some manipulations to (7).
In the low temperature regime, it is smaller by a factor .
Therefore the properties of the medium separating the plates do not affect the Casimir force when the temperature is high enough.
Therefore the sign of Casimir force depends strongly on the properties of the plates.

These two energy factors have attracted international decision-makers and have been incorporated into energy policies and building codes [3].
Besides, the properties of the building envelope materials could directly affect the indoor air temperature.
This will lead to a more expensive thermal energy storage systems and will affect the mechanical strength of the ceiling.
This will increase the thermal storage capacity without affecting wall’s mechanical properties.
Although a significant loss of compressive strength has been demonstrated by the incorporation of PCM, the mechanical properties of the final product fall within the limits of authorized construction standards.

Introduction The control of the morphology and the size of the Si phase in Al-Si casting alloy has become the most important factor for deciding the characteristics of the alloy.
In this research, an electromagnetic vibration was applied to a solidifying Al-Si-Mg alloy and then the morphology and size of the eutectic Si phase were observed and its mechanical properties were measured.
A tensile test was carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the specimen at room temperature by using the specimen of ASTM E8M standard size.
It has been noted that the vibration phenomenon due to a low frequency does not affect the modification of the eutectic Si phase.
The mechanical properties of the electromagnetically vibrated alloy were increased as increasing frequencies due to the fine size and modification of the eutectic Si phase.

Introduction Most metallic implants are not merely concerned about biocompatibility but also require satisfactory structural properties.
After mechanical alloying, the Ti alloy powders were sieved, collected and blended for 1 hr with 3 wt. % of water soluble binder material.
Generally, higher saturation value and lower layer thickness using 3DP will increase the mechanical properties of porous 3D Ti alloy specimens after debinding and sintering.
These suggest that compensation factors have to be included in the design of the specimens accordingly so as to account for all these weight and dimensional changes.
Further works are ongoing to develop an empirical model to predict the structural and geometrical properties of porous 3D Ti alloy specimens.