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To improve the properties of concrete, polycarboxylate superplasticizer with 20% water reduction and an entraining admixture named SJ-2 were mixed into all specimens with dosage 0.8% and 0.2‰, respectively.
The test data are given in Table 2.
Electrical resistivity of specimens with different freeze-thaw cycles Specimens Freeze-thaw cycles Total reduction ratio/% 0 25 50 100 Un-leached 1063.5 890 694 656 38.3 leached 612 496 344 275 55.1 Summary Two test schemes were designed to quantitatively analyze damage extent of the freeze-thaw cycling coupled with leaching on the hydraulic concrete through monitoring two indices, including calcium oxide dissolution mass as well as electrical resistivity of specimen matrix during the test process.

Increasing durability of bridges requires regular ongoing, periodic and special inspections, which will contribute to a significant reduction in the number of bridges requiring restructuring, reconstruction and repair.
Data on the year of construction: 1976.
The evaluation of the technical condition was carried out in accordance with the requirements [2, 3, 12, 16], taking into account the actual state of the building structures, parameters of the defects and damages detected, their effect on the reduction of bearing capacity and reliability.

Ref. [13] obtained a heuristic correlation for a closely packed bed of particle diameter and compared their results with experimental data.
A reduction in K means an increase in flow resistance.
[6] Nussbaumer T., Combustion and Co-combustion of Biomass: Fundamentals, Tecnologies, and Primary Measures for Emission Reduction, Energy & Fuels, Vol. 17, pp. 1510-1521, 2003

In addition, "energy-saving emission reduction" 1025 "planning" clear "1025" period will reduce no-load loss of power transformer 10%-13%, the load loss 17%-19% therefore, energy saving transformer arduous task.
Main technical parameters of the transformer Technical parameters of the transformer can represent its loss performance of the transformer in the process of power supply - active power losses and reactive power consumption, so the technical parameters of the transformer is the data basis to calculate economic operation of the transformer.
The purpose of determining the optimum operation segment is to reduce the comprehensive loss ratio of the transformer to the minimum within the scope of the load, so as to realize the purpose of efficient loss reduction.

The preferable way to counteract this tendency is reduction of the distance la between the sample and the lower throttling aperture (LTA) which is passed by the electron beam at the high gas pressure.
In turn, the distance reduction causes serious decrease in SE signal produced by typical GSED (Gaseous SE Detector) where the signal amplification obtainable in the Townsend discharge depends on the product of the gas pressure p and the mentioned distance la.
Results of MC-SIMION calculations for electron flow in the detector model at various water pressures (p) in the sample chamber (1 – sample stage, 2 – focusing aperture, 3 – lower throttling aperture, 4 – final anode, 5 – screening tube ST, 6 – extracting grid, 7 – mirror, 8 – plexiglass tube, PM – photomultiplier, ULTA = 300 V, UST = 0 V): ( a) electron trajectories for p = 0.5 hPa (blue – SE, green and black – ESE), (b) electron trajectories for p = 5 hPa (data as in a), (c) input amplification factor Kw for two anode voltages UA vs. water vapour pressure p, (d) final amplification factor KAC for two anode voltages UA vs. water vapour pressure p.

Cemented total hip arthroplasty will remain the "gold standard" until prospective long-term data (>15 years) of cementless systems become available.
The reduction of stresses at the rim of the cement mantle are quite small, therefore further investigation is required.
The longer the cement anchor pegs, up to about 9 mm, the less stress at the rim of the cement mantle, there is little stress reduction beyond 9 mm length.

After being washed with ethanol and dried at 60°C, the solid was re-dispersed in 25mL of 0.0087 mol.dm-3 HAuCl4 solution. 10mL of 0.2 mol.dm-3 KBH4 solution was added under vigorous stirring for reduction of AuCl4- at 80˚C for 4h.
Finally, the solid was calcinated at 500 °C in air for 2 h[14] before reduction at 150 °C in H2 for 2h.
Diffraction data were recorded using continuous scanning with a step of 0.04°/s from 0 to 95°.

Besides that, lubricant can also be used to recede the heat by circulation and cooling thus increasing the reduction of wear and friction of mating components.
The results showed that RBD palm olein has better lubricating properties for the reduction of wear and friction.
All data related to frictional force were collected and were converted into friction coefficient (μ) using Eq. 1, where F is a frictional force and N is a normal load

Introduction The recent development of high power laser makes the laser welding more powerful, flexible and convenient in the transportation industry, instead of spot welding. [1,2,3] Although laser welding has many potential advantages such as low heat input and high aspect ratio of weld bead, its application to a new structural component still requires a lot of engineering data including mechanical properties such as tensile strength, fatigue strength, etc.
The effect of residual stress on fatigue life was studied for the laser welded lap joint of SPCC steel sheet with full penetration using finite element method. [4] A model for static stress analysis combined with a cyclic stress-strain analysis accounts for about three quarters of reduction due to weld pattern and one quarter of reduction due to residual and/or material property change from welding. [5] On the other hand, experimental study for the fatigue strength of laser welded joint of three axisymmetric components showed that fatigue cracks do not start from the notch tip, if maximum value of stress intensity factor is smaller than 2.0MPam 1/2. [6] In this paper, fatigue tests, finite element method and theoretical stress analysis were performed for the laser welded overlap joining stainless steel 301L panels with different thickness.

Apparently, the oxygen plasma treatment brings about the maximum reduction in the contact angles, implying that the oxygen plasma-treated ITO surface appears to be highly polar.
In comparison with the untreated ITO, only acid (aquaregia) treatment brings about a small reduction in both Sγ and pχ , from 40.0 mJ/m2 and 0.35 to 38.7 mJ/m 2 and 0.25, respectively; whereas, both Sγ and pχ more or less increase from 40.0 mJ/m 2 and 0.35 to 47.3-69.1 mJ/m2 and 0.40-0.61 respectively with other treatments.
It is observed that the transmittance data of the ITO samples are hardly affected by the surface modifications except for the wavelength region of 330-590 nm.