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In the case of through-thickness texture variations, the orientation distribution of the crystallites may lead to non-uniform mechanical properties and also cause inhomogeneities in microstructure during subsequent material treatments (e.g. annealing).
Another way to consider the intensity corrections is to treat theoretically the measured data taking into account, beyond other factors, the hkl plane multiplicity, the polarization factor, the mass absorption, the geometric factor, the normalization factor, etc.
Bunge, Influence of texture on mechanical properties, on Microstructure and mechanical properties of materials, Edited by E.
Pyzalla, Microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31B laser beam welds, Materials Science and Engineering A 485, 20-30 (2008)
Pyzalla, Microstructure and mechanical properties of an AA6181-T4 aluminium alloy to HC340LA high strength steel friction stir overlap weld, Advanced Engineering Materials, 10, No.10, 961-972 (2008)

Cost plan, as it was, is a form of the target cost. 1.3The cost control Cost control is to point to in the construction process, the factors which influence the construction cost management, and take various effective measures, will actually happened in the construction of various consumption and expenditure strictly controlled within the scope of the cost plan, ready to reveal and timely feedback, whether accord with a standard strict censorship of various charges, to calculate the difference between actual cost and planned cost and is analyzed, and then take various measures to eliminate the construction waste phenomenon of the loss. 2.Completes the cost forecast, cost control target 2.1Engineering, material, cost prediction 1)First analysis of the project by the labor of the unit price, and then analysis of the workers' wages and social labor market, according to the time limit for a project and analysis of the number of people ready to put the project in the contract price
whether labor encase. 2)Materials proportion of take a fee, should be accurately as a focus, respectively, to advocate material, materials, auxiliary materials, other materials item by item analysis, the supply of the material location, purchase price, shipping and handling charges, analysis norm the materials specified in the specifications of different specifications and actual use of materials, comparing the actual USES the mixing ratio of cement dosage and the fixed amount differences, meta-analysis of the other materials of the budget, in the concrete practice to mix a certain amount of additive, etc. 3)Machinery use fee: bidding group model of mechanical equipment, number is generally adopts the norm to work out the construction method of a certain differences with the actual construction site, with the efficiency also have different, so to measure the actual machine disbursement is going to happen.
The main machinery shall be affecting production quota. 2.2Construction plan of the change of the cost forecast After the bid of the project, must be combined with the actual situation of the construction site to establish advanced technically feasible and the implementation of the economic and reasonable construction organization design, combined with the economic and natural geographical conditions of the project location, construction technology, equipment selection and arrangement of the actual situation of the time limit, more sexually shy group adopted by the construction method and the difference of bid preparation, or with the norm of different construction methods, as to make the correct prediction according to solid. 2.3The prediction of auxiliary construction cost Auxiliary refers to the bill of quantities of quantities or no given in the design drawings, and is indispensable in the construction, such as: concrete mixing station, the tunnel construction in the three tube
From the employment quantity control, targeted to reduce or shorten the man-days consumption of certain jobs, thereby reducing consumption of man-days, control engineering cost. 2)The material cost control Materials of general project total cost 65% ~ 75%, and directly affects project cost and economic benefits.
Intellectual property press, 2003

It is worth noting that in screen printing electronic products, the characteristics and quality of products are affected by more than 50 factors, such as printing speed, angle and shape of scraper[28].
There are many factors affecting the quality of gravure printing, such as the rheological properties of nanowire ink in the transfer process [32], the surface wettability of ink [33], etc.
Moreover, the silver nanowires were sintered by intense pulsed light (IPL)irradiation to ensure the films have high optical, electronic and mechanical properties.
Although the etching method has some advantages in the properties of the films, and the operation is simple, there are still some defects.
In the process of etching, the etching solution will penetrate into some areas that need to be retained, resulting in over etching, thus affecting the fineness of the pattern.

Tables 1 and 2 show the mechanical properties and chemical composition, respectively.
Based on prior research, the FSW selected conditions that showed optimal mechanical properties.
Table 1 Mechanical properties.
Shot peening is a cold working process that alters the mechanical properties on the metal’s surface and creates a compressive residual stress layer.
Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

This system of mainly serially connected elements is characterized by the throughput (overall amount of bulk coal respectively overburden rock produced), which is dependent on the functioning state of each involved equipment, and is strongly affected also by the process inherent variability due to the randomness of the involved processes (e.g. the cutting properties of the rock).
This system of mainly serially connected elements is characterized by the throughput (overall amount of bulk coal respectively overburden rock), excavated, conveyed and sent to stock pile or next user, which is dependent on the functioning state of each involved equipment, and is affected also by the process inherent variability due to the randomness of the cutting properties of the rock.
It is presumed that L is always less than S, the difference S-L being called safety range while the ratio S/L is called safety factor.
Kovacs, Research Regarding The OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) Assessment Of The Coal Open Pit Mines Production System, Annals of the University of Petroşani, Mechanical Engineering, 8 (2006), 139-146 , ISSN 1454-9166 [5] I.

The latter represents an attractive and practical solution but a conspicuous number of uncertainties affect the identification of the struts.
Description of the building and modelling assumptions Building features and adopted mechanical properties.
The same reduction factor was applied to the determination of the strength of the struts in presence of openings.
According to [13] the actual shear VC on the generic column can be expressed instant by instant as function of the axial load (FS) acting on the adjacent infill-equivalent strut as: (7) where the coefficient aCSE, called shear distribution coefficient for the base cross-section of a column, has the following expressions, depending on the aspect ratio of the panel: ; (8) The parameter y appearing in Eq. (8) (whose definition can be found in [13]), identifies each specific infill-frame system accounting simultaneously for the geometrical and mechanical relative properties.
Mollaioli, Strength and Stiffness Reduction Factors for Infilled Frames with Openings, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibrations 13-3 (2014) 437–54

Introduction Owing to its excellent properties, diamond is widely used in the industry, for cutting and polishing tools.
Nanocrystalline diamond has been investigated, due to unique properties of nanocrystalline diamond [3].
Effects of nitrogen addition on the properties of synthesized diamond films on WC substrate The nanocrystalline diamond films on the WC substrate were obtained using a mixture of high-purity acetylene and oxygen gas with nitrogen gas added.
Consequently, nitrogen is a very important factor for diamond nanocrystallites synthesis.
Singh, Microstructural and Biological Properties of Nanocrystalline Diamond Coatings, Diamond and Related Materials 15 (2006) 1935-1940

There is a critical particle size to affect the grain growth in the microstructure.
Dispersed finely hard particles are usually used to control the microstructure evolution of materials, and obtain smaller grains, due to their pinning effect on the mobility of grain boundaries to arrest the grain growth, and achieve better mechanical properties through Hall-Petch relation in polycrystalline materials.
Chen etc. [6] has presented a phase field model to study the factor that can reduce particle pinning force significantly in grain growth when the grain boundary is pinned by multiple particles.
The values of 0.3 s for time-steps is chosen to balance the two factors.
It also can be seen form fig. 5 that, there is a critical particle size 1μm to affect the grain growth in microstructure when the particle volume fraction is 10%.

Despite the huge number of published studies, there remain big uncertainties about the materials properties.
The problem is strongly nonlinear since each field interacts with others and affects the physical properties of the materials.
In the present study, these factors are taken into account.
Two different core/shell variants (study cases) have been analyzed with properties described in Table 1.
Core/Shell Nanoparticles: Classes, Properties, Synthesis Mechanisms, Characterization, and Applications, Chem.

The literature points out that the welded pieces, cast or forged in Widmanstätten structures, are unsuitable as they make the steel fragile [2] and call for frequent corrections by heat treatment; that is why it is necessary to know the mechanism and kinetics of the factors affecting the crystallization of these structures, unlike those of Widmanstätten type.
S Hansen: Effects of Widmanstätten ferrite on the mechanical properties of a 0.2 pct C-0.7 pct Mn steel Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Volume 25, Issue 4 (1993) pp.763-773 [3] R.P.