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He used finite element coupling numerical simulation method to analyze the factor of cooling water flow, such as the cross-sectional areas of the cooler entrance and the speed of the cooling water [3].X.M.
In order to obtain accurate simulation results the physical properties of materials with the variation of temperature needs to be considered during the FEM calculation.
Results of numerical simulation Influence factors on temperature field uniformity because of the diameter and the number of nozzles.
With the increased number of nozzles, the heat transfer is affected between the steel bar and the cooling water due to the interference between the nozzles.
The influence factors on temperature field uniformity because of the distance between the nozzles and the surface of the bar.

Both the mechanical resonance and the tensile testing are methods used to study the mechanical properties of nanostructures.
The resonance method has been used to study the mechanical properties of one-dimensional nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, nanowires and nanobelts [1-5].
During the tensile test the presence of a nanocrack is expected to strongly affect the failure stress.
Eq. (1) gives basically the definition of the "equivalent" homogeneous properties AIEb ρ, and allows us to determine the true boron Young's modulus BE (by characterization of the oxide B2O3 layer).
The quality factors measured inside the SEM vacuum chamber (at a pressure of 10 -6-10 -7 Torr) ranged between 300 and 1000.

In this paper, a creep model is developed and used to describe how the residual surface stresses created by milling and by fly cutting affect the geometry of an aluminium alloy component as it creeps.
The Power Law Creep equation for crystalline materials is given by Eq. 1, ε=kTσme-QcRT. (1) In Eq. 1, the variables that affect the strain rate are stress, s, and absolute temperature, T.
This is because the term k includes not only the vibration frequency of the unit of flow, but also the change in entropy and a factor that depends on structure, i.e., the distribution of dislocations, precipitates and grain boundaries in the alloy [12].
Imgram et al., Study of Microplastic Properties and Dimensional Stability of Materials, AFML-TR-67-232, Part II, Battelle Memorial Institute (August 1968) 24
Dowling, Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, second ed., Prentice Hall Publishing Company, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1998, pp. 718

In our opinion, in the works [10-17] the study directions are secondary production factors, since in these aggregates only one component of slags, iron-containing, is affected.
The chemical composition of variable factors in the experiment is presented in table 2.
Factors variability interval The factor type Variability interval Lower Upper Code*, ea Nat.**, mass.% Code, ea Nat., mass.% LF slag content 0.17 17.00 0.67 67.00 EAF slag content 0.17 17.00 0.67 67.00 СаСО3 content 0.17 17.00 0.67 67.00 * - coded value, **- natural value The raw mix components were mixed in accordance to the experiment plan, melted and then slowly cooled.
Phase composition of clinker made of slag Phase 3CaO·SiO2 2CaO·SiO2 3CaO·Al2O3 MgO Other [mass. %] 51.3 30.1 10.7 3.8 4.1 Despite the fact that the iron-containing phase 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 in the clinker was not found, due to the presence in the clinker of other hydraulically active phases, it showed good physical and mechanical properties.
Egiazaryan, Optimization of phase composition of high-calcium-content slag for stabilization and ob-taining of hydraulic properties.

Fig. 1 Structure of a 600 MW Supercritical Boiler start-up separator Material properties.The metal materials used as boiler start-up separator of 600 MW supercritical unit are SA-336 F12, and some material properties are from the literature[5] by transfering units.
Table 1 Material properties of SA-336 F12 Temperature[oC] 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 Coefficient of linear expansion[10-6 oC-1] 9.7 10.7 11.8 12.8 13.5 14.0 14.4 Modulus of elasticity [105MPa] 2.09 2.03 1.97 1.89 1.82 1.74 1.65 Thermal conductivity [W/(m·oC)] 36.9 37.9 37.9 37.1 35.5 33.8 31.9 Density [t/m3] 7.83 Specific heat at constant pressure[kJ/(kg·oC)] 0.44 0.49 0.53 0.57 0.61 0.67 0.75 Model selection and network division.In the intersecting areas of start-up separator nozzles, the stress and stress-gradient are very high, and the stress concentration focus on the areas.
It studies the thermal stress, mechanical stress and the total stress.
Among them, the mechanical stress is the main factor.
(American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American 1998).

In the case of mechanical adaptation the micro-plasticity hysteresis is only observed and for fatigue resistance estimation the models of high-cycle fatigue are applicable.
If there is no mechanical adaptation under cyclic mechanical loading then the macro-plastic hysteresis is observed, resulting in low-cycle fatigue failure with a short service life.
Table 1 Comparison of model (1) predictions with experimental data Exp. № Beam length, m Section height, mm Maximal tension Number cycles before failure Prediction by Eq. 1 Experimental data 1 0.58 68 42 0.0028 100 237 2 0.58 68 50 0.0143 30 24 3 0.27 38 25 0.0184 70 64 4 0.27 38 30 0.0453 32 16 5 0.27 38 30 0.0468 49 16 Influence of Stress Gradient at the Stress Concentration The quality of the surface (roughness, scratches, sharp transitions, edges) essentially affects the behavior fatigue of structures (according [9] data at the depth 0.125-0.22 mm) and attenuates the strength properties.
Firstly this approach was used for determining the notch factor in the case of static failure.
Peterson, Application of stress concentration factors in design, Proc.

Introduction An experimental fact is that a narrow material layer is formed in the vicinity of frictional interfaces in metal forming processes whose properties are quite different from the properties in the bulk [1, 2].
Farris, A new approach for studying mechanical properties of thin surface layers affected by manufacturing processes, Trans.
Sun, Optimum design, microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Ti3Al multi-layered materials, Mater.
Ding, Effects of extrusion ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy, J.
Oki, Effects of extrusion conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy extrusions, J.

The finishing procedures (Unglazed, self-glazing, mechanical polishing, mechanical polishing + glazing, and glazing) were tested using an in vitro assay.
The surface roughness has been thought to be a very important factor in determining the amount of plaque accumulation [4].
In the dry weight of plaque, there were significant differences between unglazed and mechanical polished, glazed and mechanical polished (p=0.000), mechanical polished + glazed and mechanical polished (p=0.003), self-glazed and mechanical polished (p=0.009), self-glazed and glazed (p=0.005), mechanical polished + glazed and glazed groups (p=0.015).
Properties of the hard surface as well as the adhesive properties of the bacteria influence these mechanisms.
Conclusion The surface roughness significantly affects plaque accumulation.

Introduction The misorientation angle between adjacent grains of steels, has become one of the major concerns for the study of some mechanical and toughness properties of irons [1-5], carbon steel [3, 6], stainless steel [7-8], other types of steels [8-10] and different alloys [11-12].
It can be observed that one of the major factors that make up the constitution of ferrite grains, different to its size, is their orientation with respect to their neighbouring grains.
This property has a strong influence on steels with low mechanical properties such as mild steels, like Grade A ship plate steels used for the construction of merchant ships.
Fig. 13c also shows that the twist boundary strongly affects the surface appearance of a steel and consequently the fracture toughness properties of the steel because, as mentioned above, twist boundary offers more resistance for cleavage propagation.
Ding et al., The effects of grain boundary misorientation on the mechanical properties and mechanism of plastic deformation of Ni/Ni3Al: A molecular dynamics study, Materials 13 (2020) 1–21

Specific properties of fly ash was determined using calorimetric measurement.
It was determined heat properties and total content of calcium oxide CaO.
Evaluation of properties of fly ash.
The combustion is not stable and it depends on the operation of power plants that the properties of fly ash are affected. 2) From a comparison of the ash ETH 10 and ETH 20 shows that they have different content of free CaO.
Zaldívar-Cadena et al., "Effect of Milling Time on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Incorporated Cement Mortars", Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 787, pp. 286-290, 2013 [9] K.