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The hardness crossing the depth of prepared film was measured by Nano-indentation hardness testing device (ENT-110a) with a load of 500mgf, step interval of 20 msec, division number of 500.
Within the coarsening area, the input heat was smaller and the cooling rate was faster, the size of needle-like grains of α' phase was smaller and not easy to be visible as compared with that of acicular structure area.
The acicular martensite α phase owing high density of dislocation in crystal grains can improve the strength of substrate which make it clear for the slight increasement of hardness about acicular area compared with substrate.

This phenomenon is described as a rate of mass gain which is much more rapid than previous which is associated with the loss of the protective nature of the oxide scale and can lead to failure of the scale. [4,5] Breakaway oxidation has been shown to be affected by a large number of factors, but little work has been completely investigating the effect of porosity development on breakaway taking place.
At the interface between the spinel and the substrate an internal oxidation zone (IOZ) forms which penetrates into the substrate preferentially along grain boundaries as the oxide grows.
Previous work has reported that these bands of alternating Fe/Cr bands are due to the higher volume of Cr carbides present at previous grain boundaries.

On the other hand, doped LiNbO3 single crystal has already been used practically, and there are large number of application such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) element using the excellent piezoelectric effect, and optical modulation such as quasi-phase matching (QPM) waveguide multiplier using the good nonlinear optical effect.
Therefore, the developed ceramic grains during sintering step are tend to become rod-like rather than spherical in shape, and especially the research, in which piezoelectric property is improved by using grain orientation technique, is frequently conducted in this material system.

Their standard values and the application scope are based on a large number of experiments and the statistical analysis of the experiment results(See Reference [5]).
Some iron grains are identified but they have not rusted yet.
The core samples are dense and free of any visible iron grains.

Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Natural Science Fund of Beijing (grant number 3141001).
[3] FuYucan,Zhang Bei,XuHongjun,SuHonghua.Ductile Regin a Grinding of Brittle Material with Unifying Undefotmed Chip Thickness of Grain Cutting Edge, Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2012,05:754-761
[6] Fu Yucan,Zhang Bei Xu HongJun,Su Honghua.Ductile domain Grinding of Brittle Material with Unifying Undefotmed Chip Thickness of Grain Cutting Edge, Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2012,05:754-761

Due to the fact that the several material modifications take place at different scales like atomic, grain and polycrystal level, the material loadings have to take place on all of these scales, too [7].
Except this agglomeration there is no measureable chemical change in the grain structure both in the original microstructure and in the rim zone.
An electric voltage U is defined as the path integral in an electrical field E: UAB=ABEsds. (5) The charge Q of an ion does not depend on the path, so the power to move some charge in the same electrical field can be described by: WAB=ABQ⋅Esds=Q⋅ABEsds=Q⋅UAB. (6) For the last step the total power W is divided by the number of molecules n so that the charge Q changes to the product of Faraday constant F and valence z, to correlate this (eq. (6)) with the free energy of reaction, which leads finally to the connection of the free enthalpy of the electrochemical reaction and the decomposition voltage: ∆greac=q+z⋅F⋅Udiss. (7) Formula 7 shows what was expected above, if the heat going into the reaction rises the necessary decomposition voltage should decrease.

Compared with the diffraction pattern of the powder sample, the peak number of the bulk sample decreased obviously.
The strongest peak corresponding to crystal face also changes from (420) to (444), in the meanwhile, the intensity ratios of peaks on several crystal faces, such as (211), (532) and (642), to that on (420) crystal face increase significantly, demonstrating that the crystalline grains grow with several preferred orientations and a dominant one (444) in the bulk YAG glass ceramics.
The SEM micrograph of cross-section of Sm3+ doped YAG glass ceramics is shown in Fig. 5, and the grain sizes of the YAG crystals are estimated in the range of 3~15mm.

Tab.1 The characteristics of high frequency and low loss ferrite materials Material Working frequency （MHz） μi Bs（mT） 1200A/m PCV（kW/m3） 100℃ TDK PC50 0.5-1 1400 470 80 （500kHz,50mT） FERROX 3F35 0.5-1 1400 500 90 （500kHz，50mT） 3F45 1-2 900 420 80 （1MHz，30mT） 3F5 2-4 650 380 100 （3MHz，30mT） TDG TP5 0.5-1 1400 470 80 （500kHz，50mT） TP5B 1-3 1200 510 100 （1MHz，30mT） As everyone knows, core loss is mainly composed of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and residual loss composition [6-7], the eddy current loss as the main portion at high frequency, so the ferrite material of high frequency and low loss reducing the core loss by adjusting raw material and sintering technology, which can refining grains and increasing the surface resistivity [8].Figure 1 shows the microstructure between the ferrite material of the traditional and the high frequency and low loss.
As can be seen from the graph, the crystal grain of TP5B is finer and uniformed than TP4, so the core loss is far less than TP4.
With the expansion of the scope of application of planar core, PQ, RM and Pot core are gradually applied in the DC/DC power module, this kind of cores having cylindrical column, winding is short, excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, but the core window area is relatively small, limiting the number of turns of the winding group.

Based on a large number of engineering practice in the long-term, there is obviously insufficient of traditional curing materials in the curing process of the soil, such as lime,cement, fly ash, etc.
The strong-unite-water hang with soil grain firmly, then has great sticky degree, elasticity and sheared strength.
(5) Mixed soil adding cement produce Ettringite, and pullulate with radiate shape between glue grains which lead to increase of macroscopic volume.

However, detail reports on the crystal structure of ceramic materials that being synthesised by a supercritical fluid using HP-HT wise reactor system are reduced to number of studies.
One of the drawback in BZY is the materials have poor sinterability that might effect the low conductivity of grain boundary but the structure is stable because it consist of shorter and stronger Zr-O bond as in agreement with the work reported by Kochetova et al., [13].
Azad et al., “Structural origins of the differing grain conductivity values in defect association †,” Mater.