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Surface grain refinement is a relatively new process aimed to enhance mechanical material properties.
They are all extremely sensitive to structure and properties of the surface material.
On the other hand, fine grained materials possess superior mechanical properties fundamentally different from their conventional coarse-grained polycrystalline counterparts.
It can be concluded that changing process time in this scale is not notably affecting state of residual stresses.
The Rietveld method uses multiple reflections of experimental data and can determine structural and microstructural parameters (lattice parameters, atomic coordinates, thermal factors, crystallite size, microstrain and so on).

Study on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Cold-rolled C-Mn-Si-Al TRIP Steel Zhengyou Tang1, a, Hua Ding1, b 1School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China atangzy@smm.neu.edu.cn, bhding@263.net Keywords: TRIP steel, Si, Al, retained austenite, mechanical properties Abstract.
Mechanical properties were evaluated by conduction tensile tests using INSTRON4206 electron mechanical testing machine.
Table 3 shows the effect of the partial substitution of Si by Al on mechanical properties in A and B steels.
It can be found that two kinds of steels possess superior mechanical properties.
(2) The Al partial substitution of Si in a conventional C-Mn-Si TRIP steel leads to excellent mechanical properties.

In this article greencomposites based on gypsum reinforced with date palm fibers (DPF) were fabricated and investigated experimentally in terms of thermal and mechanical properties.
Introduction Natural fibers, in general, have been used by several authors in order to improve thermal insulating, mechanical and physical properties of composite materials [1].
The samples were prepared with seven different mass fractions of 0, 1.2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 10% of date palm fibers, and tested for the mechanical and thermal properties under 14 and 28 days [1].
This can be attributed to many factors such as incompatibility between matrix and fibers, improper manufacturing processes, fiber degradation and orientation.
Thus, experimental data were fitted linearly using (Eq.4): (4) (5) From Fig. 3a, the regression factors (R²) between properties are less than 1.

Effect of Water Absorption on the Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Nano-alumina Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites Hongxia Zhaoa and Robert K.Y.
Results on the effect of water absorption on the mechanical and dielectric properties of nano-size spherical alumina (Al2O3) filled epoxy are presented in this paper.
Upon water absorption, the mechanical properties of the alumina/epoxy nanocomposites decrease evidently, because of the damages induced by water on the epoxy resin.
There are several factors that influence the rate of water absorption in epoxy composites, such as the number of hydroxyl groups, the glass transition temperature, as well as the presence of secondary dispersed phase [1,6].
Effects of water absorption on the mechanical and dielectric properties of the alumina/epoxy nanocomposites were investigated.

Impact toughness influence on the bending properties of rock bolt Zhongwei.
For this case, developed high prestressed, strong rock bolting system, including high strength rock bolt, strip and anchor cable which mechanical properties has been greatly improved, truly achieved rock bolt initiative and timely support[1-3].
Factors that affect impact toughness of steel has chemical composition, heat treatment, smelting method, inherent defects, processing technology and the ambient temperature[7].
Visible, screw thread influence the bending properties of rock bolt threaded section.
Mechanical properties of metallic materials handbook[M].

Factors Affecting Performance of Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engines Mohamed Mustafa Ali 1, a, Sabir Mohamed Salih 2, b 1Mechanical Engineering Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan 2Mechanical Engineering Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan amustafam@zahid.com, bsabirmohamed@sustech.edu Keywords: Dual fuel combustion, thermal efficiency, exhaust emissions, mixture strength, injection timing Abstract.
In all cases this will require different ignition delay than that of diesel fuel and change the combustion pressure and temperature as well as end gas properties.
Another control factor affecting the performance is the diesel start of injection timing.
Conclusion From these results, the factors affecting performance of dual fuel operation of diesel engines can be stated as follows: 1- Mixture strength of the added gasoline fuel should be optimized.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), department of mechanical engineering for facilitating this research.

General Situation of Experiment When designing the experimental programme, various factors[1] should be considered to affecting the load-carrying capability of unbonded prestressed slabs, such as strength grade of board, the number of prestressed tendons and non-prestressed bar, the line form and loaded way of prestressed tendons, and so on.
properties of unbonded prestressed plate are list in table 2.
Calculation of ultimate bearing capacity[2][3] Through the analysis of the existing experimental result, there are many factors affect the ultimate bearing capacity of slabs with opening hole[4], such as location of hole, size of the hole, shape of hole, boundary condition, load type and so on.
Mechanical properties of the unbonded prestressed concrete slabs with openings Journal of Construction Technology. 1999,28(12):23-25.
Rearch on opening holes impacting the main factors of unbonded prestressed two-way slabs.

Mechanical environment greatly affects the normal physiological phenomenon at cartilage[1], and abnormal mechanical state can cause the artificial cartilage degradation, degeneration, cracking or hardening at the junction, which will bring disaster to host cartilage.
In this paper, the model of articular cartilage defects was established for the first time and the mechanical properties of articular cartilage restoration area were investigated under compressive load by digital correlation technology.
Laboratory instruments and equipments Micro-mechanical properties of materials testing system contains CCD camera system, the tensile/compression loading device and digital image processing software.
Many other factors in restoration area such as the interface bonding, the shape of defect, the depth of defect and loading condition should be researched in the future.
The experiments reveal the mechanical behaviors of articular cartilage defect imposed compressive load, and it will help to improve the mechanical properties of artificial cartilage implanted and explore the suitable mechanical function indicators of artificial cartilage in implanting and restoring.

Artificial cementation is a technique commonly used to improve the mechanical properties of soils for use in geotechnical engineering works, because it often provides economic and environmental advantages.
Cementation between soil particles is known to improve its mechanical properties, notably its compressive and tensile strengths.
Understanding the mechanical behavior of cemented soils is of major importance for geotechnical engineering, since the properties of this material directly affects the performance of current engineering projects.
Conclusions A poorly graded sand from Natal dunes has been artificially cemented with high early strength Portland cement in order to assess the mechanical properties of this material.
V. da. (2009) Strength Properties of Sandy Soil-Cement Admixtures.

It is a process of interaction of thermal, mechanical and metallurgical properties and behaviors.
The cooling rates are determined, affecting the change in properties of HAZ of welded joints on pipe steel of strength class K52.
Because of the intense heating of the welding arc on the heat-strengthened metal of low-alloy high-strength steels in the zones of incomplete melting and overheating of the near-weld zone there is an intensive growth of austenitic grains affecting both the structure formation process and the mechanical properties of welded joints.
Temperature gradients and phase transformation in the solid state contribute to the change of thermal and mechanical properties of the material in the fusion zone and the HAZ [13, 14].
Ni, Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of NV E690 steel joint by laser-MIG hybrid welding, Materials and Design, (2017) 297-310