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Online since: March 2012
Authors: Milan Mičko, Miroslav Rimár, Tomas Olejar
Table 1 Mosten GB 005 basic mechanical properties of the material
Properties
Unit
Value
Test method
Melt flow index
[g/10 min]
5.0
ISO 1133
Tensile stress
[MPa]
34.0
ISO 527-2
Tensile strain
[%]
> 100
ISO 527-2
Flexural modulus
[MPa]
1550
ISO 178
Charpy notched impact strength (230C)
[kj/m2]
4.0
ISO 179
Vicat softening temperature
[0C]
157
ISO 306
The testing material was supplied by Artweger spol. s r.o. particularly in granular form of base material and particularly in the form of regranulate which was sieved using a sieve to remove any impurities that could cause reduction in quality or clogging of the injection machine hopper.
Table 3 The dimensions of test pieces Marking l3 l1 r l2 b2 b1 h l0 l Dimensions [mm] ≥150 60±0,5 ≥60 110 20±0,2 10±0,2 4±0,2 50±0,5 1100+5 a) b) Figure 1 a) Shape of test piece for tensile test, b) Tensile machine Hounsfield H10KT The tests were performed on tensile machine Hounsfield H10KT (Fig. 1 b) with connection to PC where was installed the Qmat software that graphically records and stores the measured data.
Saloky, Moznosti znizenia energetickej narocnosti prevadzky malych a strednych firiem = Possibilities of the energy excess consumption reduction in the small and medium firms, Acta Mechanica Slovaca. 7 c. 3 (2003) 571 – 576
Table 3 The dimensions of test pieces Marking l3 l1 r l2 b2 b1 h l0 l Dimensions [mm] ≥150 60±0,5 ≥60 110 20±0,2 10±0,2 4±0,2 50±0,5 1100+5 a) b) Figure 1 a) Shape of test piece for tensile test, b) Tensile machine Hounsfield H10KT The tests were performed on tensile machine Hounsfield H10KT (Fig. 1 b) with connection to PC where was installed the Qmat software that graphically records and stores the measured data.
Saloky, Moznosti znizenia energetickej narocnosti prevadzky malych a strednych firiem = Possibilities of the energy excess consumption reduction in the small and medium firms, Acta Mechanica Slovaca. 7 c. 3 (2003) 571 – 576
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Jun Zhang, Fa Qin Xie, Heng Zhi Fu, Lin Liu
The segregation
ratios, defined as the maximum concentration in interdendritic areas over minimum
concentration in dendrite core, were determined from the measured data.
Table 1 shows that rupture life, elongation and reduction in area for a fine structure are all superior to that of a conventional structure.
Table 1 Stress rupture properties of CMSX-2 alloy under 1323K and 160Mpa Rupture life (hr) Elongation (%) Reduction in area(%) Directional solidification process Dendrite arm spacing (μm) As cast After heat treatment As cast After heat treatment As cast After heat treatment HRS 350 39.4 84.0 25.2 22.0 45.2 60.0 HRS 245 52.6 67.0 31.3 39.0 40.2 58.7 LMC 123 58.6 94.0 34.7 32.5 57.1 53.0 LMC 79 64.8 108.8 38.1 24.0 49.1 46.3 LMC 38 76.4 131.5 34.1 35.1 55.3 63.3 Note: heat treatment: 1588K×1hr+1353K×4hrs+1143K×20hr The results reveal that high thermal gradient directional solidification can make the structure be refinement and uniform and make property potentialities of materials be optimized.
Table 1 shows that rupture life, elongation and reduction in area for a fine structure are all superior to that of a conventional structure.
Table 1 Stress rupture properties of CMSX-2 alloy under 1323K and 160Mpa Rupture life (hr) Elongation (%) Reduction in area(%) Directional solidification process Dendrite arm spacing (μm) As cast After heat treatment As cast After heat treatment As cast After heat treatment HRS 350 39.4 84.0 25.2 22.0 45.2 60.0 HRS 245 52.6 67.0 31.3 39.0 40.2 58.7 LMC 123 58.6 94.0 34.7 32.5 57.1 53.0 LMC 79 64.8 108.8 38.1 24.0 49.1 46.3 LMC 38 76.4 131.5 34.1 35.1 55.3 63.3 Note: heat treatment: 1588K×1hr+1353K×4hrs+1143K×20hr The results reveal that high thermal gradient directional solidification can make the structure be refinement and uniform and make property potentialities of materials be optimized.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Serban Costin, Stefan Cristea, Constantin Anton Micu
In case of a failure (for example the other side has a defect also), this can be done either by using predictive methods, meaning superimposing a 3D model from a data bank and estimating the center of rotation[4] , or it can be decided by the surgeon in agreement with the case.
The reduction was made considering the location of the surface (fig. 5).
D C B A Fig. 5 A – Maximum reduction of the number of triangles (2mm error allowed ); B- 1mm error; C 0,5mm error; D Surface model that can be inported in CAD Software Conclusion Testing the concept on a real case scenario brought a lot of new information that can be used to improve the process: problems of symmetry and orientation of the pelvis, CT metal artifacts, establishing segmentation limits on a scientific level - the need of calibrating the machine on a density probe.
The reduction was made considering the location of the surface (fig. 5).
D C B A Fig. 5 A – Maximum reduction of the number of triangles (2mm error allowed ); B- 1mm error; C 0,5mm error; D Surface model that can be inported in CAD Software Conclusion Testing the concept on a real case scenario brought a lot of new information that can be used to improve the process: problems of symmetry and orientation of the pelvis, CT metal artifacts, establishing segmentation limits on a scientific level - the need of calibrating the machine on a density probe.
Online since: November 2005
Authors: C.S. Kim, Jai Won Byeon, J.H. Song, S.I. Kwun
The ultrasonic measurement system used in this experiment consisted of a
pulser/receiver, two piezoelectric broad band probe with a center frequency of 5 MHz for pulsating
and receiving surface wave, digital storage oscilloscope with a data sampling rate of 5GHz (time
resolution of 0.2ns), and a personal computer for signal processing.
For the assessment of strength reduction due to the thermal degradation, micro-Vickers hardness was measured at various points avoiding second phase particles as a function of distance from the surface. 3 4 5 6 7 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 Surface Wave Velocity [m/s] Frequency [MHz] 2000 hour (polished surface layer) as-received 2000 hour 3000 hour 4300 hour 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 Surface Wave Velocity [m/s] Thermal Degradation Time [hr] 4.0 MHz 4.5 MHz 5.0 MHz 5.5 MHz Fig. 1 Frequency dependence of the ultrasonic surface wave velocity in the thermally degraded Co-based superalloy Fig. 2 Variation of surface wave velocity with thermal degradation time at various frequencies Results The change of ultrasonic surface wave velocity with frequency at each specimen is represented in Fig. 1.
This reduction in mechanical strength near the surface can be attributed to the depletion of solution hardening element (i.e., Cr) during thermal degradation.
For the assessment of strength reduction due to the thermal degradation, micro-Vickers hardness was measured at various points avoiding second phase particles as a function of distance from the surface. 3 4 5 6 7 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 Surface Wave Velocity [m/s] Frequency [MHz] 2000 hour (polished surface layer) as-received 2000 hour 3000 hour 4300 hour 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 Surface Wave Velocity [m/s] Thermal Degradation Time [hr] 4.0 MHz 4.5 MHz 5.0 MHz 5.5 MHz Fig. 1 Frequency dependence of the ultrasonic surface wave velocity in the thermally degraded Co-based superalloy Fig. 2 Variation of surface wave velocity with thermal degradation time at various frequencies Results The change of ultrasonic surface wave velocity with frequency at each specimen is represented in Fig. 1.
This reduction in mechanical strength near the surface can be attributed to the depletion of solution hardening element (i.e., Cr) during thermal degradation.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Aleksandrs Korjakins, Janis Locs, Diana Bajare, Janis Kazjonovs, Jana Vecstaudz
Main parameters of the described building zone are:
- Total volume [m3] 27.0 External wall area [m2] 34.2
- External transparent area [m2] 1.8 Total PCM area [m2] 43.2
- Floor area/PCM area [m2] 0.26 PCM/timber thickness [mm] 5 or 10
To define the outside conditions, weather data for Riga, Latvia, were taken and average temperatures were used with the time step 1 hour.
To estimate the reduction in cooling loads in summer due to the usage of PCM, summer months June, July and August were simulated.
It has also been observed that by increasing RT21 amount in PCM/timber composition the cooling load reduction is really low, for example, for 5mm 20%RT21 it was 4%, but for 5mm 30%RT21 4.5%; there is only a 0.5% difference.
To estimate the reduction in cooling loads in summer due to the usage of PCM, summer months June, July and August were simulated.
It has also been observed that by increasing RT21 amount in PCM/timber composition the cooling load reduction is really low, for example, for 5mm 20%RT21 it was 4%, but for 5mm 30%RT21 4.5%; there is only a 0.5% difference.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Bing Zhao, Jia Jian Zhang
Data in Table 2 show that, Compared with other countries, China put more critical public services delegated to lower levels of government.
The importance of China's emissions reduction policy analysis: The first, emission reduction policies can improve the efficiency of the transport industry and the price and other industries to reduce China's demand for imported fossil fuels.
The importance of China's emissions reduction policy analysis: The first, emission reduction policies can improve the efficiency of the transport industry and the price and other industries to reduce China's demand for imported fossil fuels.
Online since: March 2016
Authors: He Zhou Liu, Lei Yang, Hua Li, Yang Yang Zhang
The application of three coatings on Ti-based alloy substrate leads to a reduction of mass gain at 700°C (Fig. 3a).
%-Ag added ternary coating have a similar initial stage of mass gain at first 20h, whereas the latter two samples show a dramatic reduction of mass gain at subsequent oxidation, different from the continuous up growth of uncoated substrate.
The Kp value of ternary coating is supposed to be smaller than that in this study, compared with the data in other literature [10].
%-Ag added ternary coating have a similar initial stage of mass gain at first 20h, whereas the latter two samples show a dramatic reduction of mass gain at subsequent oxidation, different from the continuous up growth of uncoated substrate.
The Kp value of ternary coating is supposed to be smaller than that in this study, compared with the data in other literature [10].
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Ji Lin Chen, Jian Zhang, Guo Hui Zhu, Yong Gang Liu, Hong Bo Pan
The results show that: the "band" feature of dual-phase steel can be effectively eliminated by the optimizing continuous annealing process,and the mechanical properties are Improved.
1 Introduction
Fuel economy and, thereby, weight reduction are extremely important factors for the automotive industry[1,2].
After hot-rolled, the plates were pickled ,and then cold rolled with 70% of reduction, the target thickness is 1.5mm, the chemical composition is shown in table 1.
Volume fraction of recrystallized and martensite were measured by the ImageTool software, hardness of the sample was tested by CV-450DTS Vickers hardness tester, mechanical tensile property was tested by Zwick / Roell Z150 tensile testing machine. 3 Experimental results and data analysis Microstructure characteristics of dual-phase steel under different heat treatment.
After hot-rolled, the plates were pickled ,and then cold rolled with 70% of reduction, the target thickness is 1.5mm, the chemical composition is shown in table 1.
Volume fraction of recrystallized and martensite were measured by the ImageTool software, hardness of the sample was tested by CV-450DTS Vickers hardness tester, mechanical tensile property was tested by Zwick / Roell Z150 tensile testing machine. 3 Experimental results and data analysis Microstructure characteristics of dual-phase steel under different heat treatment.
Online since: October 2017
Authors: Suresh Kumar Reddy Narala, Uma Maheshwera Reddy Paturi
Nowadays, Taguchi design method and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are widely used in investigating the optimal parameters in experimental process because of they allow to quickly optimize and analyze the data in a controlled way before and after the experiments [1].
Further, the cause behind minimum wear loss observed in tribopair2 compared to tribopair1 may also attributed to considerable reduction in the temperature in tribopair2 (Fig. 4(b)).
Levy-Clement, Electrochemical deposition of MoS2 thin films by reduction of tetrathiomolybdate, Thin Solid Films, 280 (1996) 86-89 [4] Joel Voyer, Basil R.
Further, the cause behind minimum wear loss observed in tribopair2 compared to tribopair1 may also attributed to considerable reduction in the temperature in tribopair2 (Fig. 4(b)).
Levy-Clement, Electrochemical deposition of MoS2 thin films by reduction of tetrathiomolybdate, Thin Solid Films, 280 (1996) 86-89 [4] Joel Voyer, Basil R.