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Their standard values and the application scope are based on a large number of experiments and the statistical analysis of the experiment results(See Reference [5]).
Some iron grains are identified but they have not rusted yet.
The core samples are dense and free of any visible iron grains.

Density, being a measure of the coating’s volume porosity, reaches value of ~90% on average while YM demonstrates more modest numbers because it is sensitive not only to the porosity, but also to the grain-to-grain contact quality (cohesion).

Nanodiffraction of the small grains showed a randomly oriented grain structure.
For higher annealing temperatures the small voids inside the platelets will coalescence, increase in size and reduce in number density. 1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm 1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm1000 nm 100 nm100 nm100 nm100 nm100 nm100 nm100 nm100 nm Figure 3. a) Large platelets surrounded by strain fields formed deep into the low n doped sample S1, observed close to [111] zone axis, b) After 1 hour annealing at 600 °C all hydrogen is gone and only boundary dislocations and small voids remain, observed close to [100] zone axis, c) Almost no platelets are visible in S3 after 1 hour annealing at 600°C.

A number of compositions based on BaTiO3 (BT) has been investigated in respect to their relaxor properties [2].
No significant difference in average grain size for ceramics with various LMT content was observed.
Unlike in BT-based solid solutions [6,10], any sign of abnormal grain growth have not been revealed in NBTLMT.

In-situ polymerization of Ani needs in the appropriate acidic environment, but CIP is eroded susceptibly by the acids and produces large number of bubbles.
In the figure it can be found that PANI sheet of the composite surface prepared on CIP is consists of small particles with 10~20 nm diameter, and the upper is deposited some big PANI grains with 100~200 nm diameter.
The morphology of the composites prepared on m-CIP is uniform and compact, the bottom is consist of uniform PANI particles with about 10 nm diameter, and the upper is deposited big PANI grains produced in the solution with about 100 nm diameter.

Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Natural Science Fund of Beijing (grant number 3141001).
[3] FuYucan,Zhang Bei,XuHongjun,SuHonghua.Ductile Regin a Grinding of Brittle Material with Unifying Undefotmed Chip Thickness of Grain Cutting Edge, Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2012,05:754-761
[6] Fu Yucan,Zhang Bei Xu HongJun,Su Honghua.Ductile domain Grinding of Brittle Material with Unifying Undefotmed Chip Thickness of Grain Cutting Edge, Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2012,05:754-761

Due to the fact that the several material modifications take place at different scales like atomic, grain and polycrystal level, the material loadings have to take place on all of these scales, too [7].
Except this agglomeration there is no measureable chemical change in the grain structure both in the original microstructure and in the rim zone.
An electric voltage U is defined as the path integral in an electrical field E: UAB=ABEsds. (5) The charge Q of an ion does not depend on the path, so the power to move some charge in the same electrical field can be described by: WAB=ABQ⋅Esds=Q⋅ABEsds=Q⋅UAB. (6) For the last step the total power W is divided by the number of molecules n so that the charge Q changes to the product of Faraday constant F and valence z, to correlate this (eq. (6)) with the free energy of reaction, which leads finally to the connection of the free enthalpy of the electrochemical reaction and the decomposition voltage: ∆greac=q+z⋅F⋅Udiss. (7) Formula 7 shows what was expected above, if the heat going into the reaction rises the necessary decomposition voltage should decrease.

Fig.6 The EDS of black grain of fig.5 Fig.7 Microhardness distribution Fig.8 Friction coefficient curve Fig.6 is EDS of black block in Fig.5 marked as 1.
b a Fig.9 Surface morphology of wearing Ti6Al4V a-Overall SEM of wearing of subtract b-Partial enlargement SEM of wearing of subtract On the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy substrate appears a typical feature of noticeable plastic deformation combined with dense and deep ploughed grooves .Some debris deposited on the edge of the friction surface, there are a large number of chip-like wear debris and a small amount of granular debris on the worn surface , which is the typical feature of abrasive wear and oxidative wear .Since titanium is easily oxidized in air and the wear promoted it, oxidative wear plays a major role in the beginning of the friction process, although the oxide film is destroyed, it can be regenerated soon.
As the wear process progressed, the wear was increasing, some wear debris was ejected with the reciprocating motion and some was retained in contact zone which acted as grains, it grinded deep grooves on the substrate surface to enlarge the wear.

Tab.1 The characteristics of high frequency and low loss ferrite materials Material Working frequency （MHz） μi Bs（mT） 1200A/m PCV（kW/m3） 100℃ TDK PC50 0.5-1 1400 470 80 （500kHz,50mT） FERROX 3F35 0.5-1 1400 500 90 （500kHz，50mT） 3F45 1-2 900 420 80 （1MHz，30mT） 3F5 2-4 650 380 100 （3MHz，30mT） TDG TP5 0.5-1 1400 470 80 （500kHz，50mT） TP5B 1-3 1200 510 100 （1MHz，30mT） As everyone knows, core loss is mainly composed of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and residual loss composition [6-7], the eddy current loss as the main portion at high frequency, so the ferrite material of high frequency and low loss reducing the core loss by adjusting raw material and sintering technology, which can refining grains and increasing the surface resistivity [8].Figure 1 shows the microstructure between the ferrite material of the traditional and the high frequency and low loss.
As can be seen from the graph, the crystal grain of TP5B is finer and uniformed than TP4, so the core loss is far less than TP4.
With the expansion of the scope of application of planar core, PQ, RM and Pot core are gradually applied in the DC/DC power module, this kind of cores having cylindrical column, winding is short, excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, but the core window area is relatively small, limiting the number of turns of the winding group.

A lunar rover soft-soil dynamics model based on the Bekker theory Lunar rovers typically adopt rigid wheels, whereas the lunar surface is mostly covered by fine grained soil, called regolith.
Consequently, the classic rubber tire model or the simple rolling friction model used on the vehicle or common wheeled robot simulation platform cannot adequately reflect the rigid wheel-grained soil interaction that governs the rover motion on the lunar surface.
The wheel parameters used in the simulation are: vertical wheel load = 30 N, wheel radius = 0.15 m, wheel width = 0.15 m, number of wheel lugs = 24, lunar surface gravity = 1.63 m/s2; The lunar soil parameters are: cohesive modulus Kc = 1380, frictional modulus Kφ = 814520, Bekker sinkage exponent n = 1.0, internal frictional angle φ = 0.541, shearing deformation modulus of soil j = 172.0, input voltage signal for each motor = 3.74 V.