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Due to its non-crystalline, amorphous structure, glass is particularly susceptible to radiation-induced coloration/discoloration.
The ionizing radiation produces electron–hole pairs which are individually trapped at various defect sites in the glass structure.
Borgman, Kineticsof Photoinduced Recombination of Hole-Type Color Centres in Silicate Glasses, Glass Physics and Chemistry 32 (2006) 280-286.

Research on Hemocompatibility of Polypropylene Non-woven Fabric Membrane Immobilized by N-alkylglucosamides Xin Zhironga*, Yang Zongfengb, Yan Shunjiec, Du Binbind (1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Yantai University， Yantai 264005，China) a*zrxin2005@yahoo.com.cn byangzongfenggood@163.com, cydyanshunjie@163.com, dad.0514@163.com, Keywords N-alkylglucosamides; hemocompatibility; polypropylene non-woven fabric membrane Abstract New types of ecologically benign surfactants with sugar as head groups(N-alkylglucosamides) have been described, namely, N-octylglucosamides(NOGA), N-dodecylglucosamides (NDGA), N-cetylglucosamides (NCGA).
The chemical structure and composition of the modified PPNWF surface were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
It shows that N-alkylglucosamides have been successfully immobilized onto the surface of the PPNWF. 4.2 XPS To confirm the chemical structure of the surface of the virgin PPNWF and modified PPNWF, the XPS spectra of the membranes were measured.

Fig. 1 shows the crystal structure of Y227.
Crystal structure of Y2Ir2O7.
Their XRD patterns indicated a single phase with the cubic pyrochlore structure.
Fig. 5(a) shows the band structure of Y227.
This is because both Nd227 and Y227 have the similar crystal structure and ionic charges at atomic positions.

The thickness (d) dependence optical band gap (Eg) shifts in the optical absorption edge, and, therefore, the band structure of the TFs changes.
Lakshminarayana, Fabrication and electrical characterization of p-ZnIn2Se4/n-Si heterojunction diode structure, Materials Research Innovations. 20 (2016)
Nowicki, Bipolar resistive switching behavior in Pt/Zn1−xMgxO/pyrographite/Pt structure for memory application, J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. (2022)
[47] S.S Kale, C.D Lokhande, Thickness-dependent properties of chemically deposited CdSe thin films, Materials Chemistry and Physics. 62 (2000) 103–108
Shaaban, Interpretation of the change in optical constants of different compositions of Ge–Se–In in terms of cohesive energy, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 73 (2012) 1131–1135.

The thermo-physical behavior of open-celled metal foams depends on their microscopic structure.
Edouard et al. [9] reviewed state-of-the-art correlations for pressure drop prediction in foam structures.
Both the models can accurately predict the thermal conductivity for Al foam, but for other foam structures, they overestimate the thermal conductivity.
Right-A typical node of foam structure (see ref Kanaun[14]).
Chemistry Research, Vol. 44 (24), p. 9078–9085 (2005b)

First-Principle Study of Electronic Structure and Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of Anatase TiO2 Through C and F Codoping Li Zongbao1, a, Wang Xia2 1 Department of Physics and Electronic Science, Institute of Solid Materials and Devices, Tongren University, Guizhou 554300, China 2 Department of Biology Science and Chemistry, Tongren University, Guizhou 554300, China aemail:zongbaoli1982@163.com Keywords: Anatase TiO2; Codoping; VL photocatalyst; First-principle.
Due to the underestimate of the band gap of the GGA method, the electronic structure calculations are conducted using GGA + U method[30] to produce a good band gap for TiO2 in comparison with experimental results.
Result and discussion Geometry analysis After structure optimization, the lattice parameters and average bond lengths of the doped TiO2 are summarized in Table 2.
To get a clear picture of the change, all the band structures are calculated and given in Fig. 1.
Calculated band structure of (a)CF@TiO, (b) CF@O, (c) CF2@TiO and (d) C2F@TiO.

The structures has high surface area, is a potential metal oxide nanostructures to be develop for optoelectronic devices and chemical sensors.
Reported that, ZnO nanorods can be successfully achieved by various deposition techniques such as spray pyrolysis [8], thermal treatment [9], chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [10], sol-gel process [11, 12], immersed [13] etc. that have been used to generate an oriented structure of ZnO nanorods.
Rusop, Controlled Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods by Aqueous-Solution Method, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 40 (2010) 190–194

Preparation of polyaniline–ZnO photocatalyst and its photocatalytic property Hongchao Ma1,a, Yang Zhang1,b, Yinghuan Fu1,c, Chunling Yu1,d, Yu Song1,e, Chun Ma1,f and Xiaoli Dong1,g 1School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning China am-h-c@sohu.com, b zhangyangde2002@163.com, c fuyinghuan@sina.com, dycl223@163.com, esongyuwin@yahoo.com, fdlmachun@s126.com, gdongxl@dlpu.edu.cn Keywords: PANI; ZnO; photocatalytic activity; hybrid effect Abstract.
The morphology, structure, and light absorption properties of PANI-ZnO composites were examined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectra.
According to above results, we deduce that the ZnO dispersing in PANI matrix plays a holder in PANI-ZnO composites and improves structure order of PANI, which result in occurrence of new characteristic peaks in XRD patterns of PANI-ZnO composites with lower ZnO content.

The results suggests that the effect of reactive rate on crystallization, molecular weight and phase structure is decided by the value of reaction constant; the influence of the mold wall temperature on reactive rate and temperature near the boundary was great; and the control of feed temperature is important in condition of low mold temperature.
Investigation of the impact of the reaction rate constant, the mold temperature and the feed temperature on the system temperature and the conversion shows that the the reaction rate constant impact is the greatest, it determines the reaction rate, affects the system crystallization, molecular weight, phase structure and so on, thus affects the product quality.
Reimschuessel, Nylon 6, chemistry and mechanisms, J.

The broad peak attributed to the loose-packed structure was observed for Process 1.
The peak attributed to close-packed structure slightly appeared at higher 2q for Process 2, indicating that the formation of the layered structure is accelerated by the low-temperature process at 250 oC.
The formation of the precursor is highly effective for that of the layered structure.
Therefore, t-BN with a well-stacked layered structure was obtained at 1300 oC by Process 3.
Furthermore, the formation of B2O3 resulted in the stabilization of the t-BN layer structure.