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Online since: November 2016
Authors: Michiya Matsushima, Satoshi Nishioka, Noriyasu Nakashima, Kozo Fujimoto, Shinji Fukumoto
Table 2 is the material properties used in the structure analysis.
The material properties used in the thermal analysis are shown in Table 2.
It means the relaxation layer would become the inhibiting factor of the heat flux.
Table 2 Material properties for structural and thermal analysis[12]-[14].
Low, “Physical and Mechanical Properties of Intermetallic Compounds Commonly Found in Solder Joints”, The Metal science of joining (1991) 165-174
The material properties used in the thermal analysis are shown in Table 2.
It means the relaxation layer would become the inhibiting factor of the heat flux.
Table 2 Material properties for structural and thermal analysis[12]-[14].
Low, “Physical and Mechanical Properties of Intermetallic Compounds Commonly Found in Solder Joints”, The Metal science of joining (1991) 165-174
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Yun Kai Gao, Da Wei Gao, You Zhi Deng, Wei Cao
Material mechanical properties
The thermal parameters are the most important factor affecting the hot forming simulation.
The mechanical properties of 22MnB5 steel are extracted from NUMISHEET2008 benchmark03[10] and the material basic parameters are listed in Table 1 including density ρ, heat capacity Cp, thermal conductivity k, linear expansion α, Young’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratio v.
They are calculated using the properties of the air at the film temperature, Tfilm=(940+20)/2=480°C.
The properties of the air are shown in Table 3, including density ρ, heat capacity Cp, thermal conductivity k, viscosity μ and volumetric expansion β.
MAT 106 is selected in the blank, which may enter data tables of the material as a function of temperature including stress-strain, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, thermal conductivity, heat capacity and so on Material mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties of 22MnB5 steel are extracted from NUMISHEET2008 benchmark03[10] and the material basic parameters are listed in Table 1 including density ρ, heat capacity Cp, thermal conductivity k, linear expansion α, Young’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratio v.
They are calculated using the properties of the air at the film temperature, Tfilm=(940+20)/2=480°C.
The properties of the air are shown in Table 3, including density ρ, heat capacity Cp, thermal conductivity k, viscosity μ and volumetric expansion β.
MAT 106 is selected in the blank, which may enter data tables of the material as a function of temperature including stress-strain, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, thermal conductivity, heat capacity and so on Material mechanical properties.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Xia Dong, Ke Dian Wang, Jun Wei Cao, Xue Song Mei
It is used for defining some basic properties of objects in the scene, and the properties are shared by the objects.
In this model, we consider that every emotion is influenced by one or more factors of personality.
The impact of intensity can be expressed by a matrix EFF(m×n), whose personality factors’ range is [0,1].
In the matrix EFF(m×n), m is the number of the emotion, n is the number of each emotion affected by the factors of personality
Assume there is a virtual human; its personality factors are not responsible but really pleasant, we define the following personality matrix P:
In this model, we consider that every emotion is influenced by one or more factors of personality.
The impact of intensity can be expressed by a matrix EFF(m×n), whose personality factors’ range is [0,1].
In the matrix EFF(m×n), m is the number of the emotion, n is the number of each emotion affected by the factors of personality
Assume there is a virtual human; its personality factors are not responsible but really pleasant, we define the following personality matrix P:
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Yury Barabanshchikov, Leonids Pakrastinsh, Vitaliy Gatitullin, Ala’ Muhanna
The presence of the film changes the nature of the friction on the surface that could adversely affect traffic and aircraft.
Temperature and humidity conditions to ensure the normal flow pattern formation, have a significant impact on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete: strength, frost resistance, water resistance [10].
These compositions, after application to the surface to form a protective film which decreases moisture loss concrete [14], wherein the mechanical process of applying the dispersion liquid is much simpler than the roll cover material.
Faktory i tekhnologicheskiye peredely, vliyayushchiye na dvizheniye vlagi v betone [Factors and production stages, affecting the movement of moisture in concrete] (2009) Vestnik TGASU, 4, pp. 142-151.
Temperature and humidity conditions to ensure the normal flow pattern formation, have a significant impact on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete: strength, frost resistance, water resistance [10].
These compositions, after application to the surface to form a protective film which decreases moisture loss concrete [14], wherein the mechanical process of applying the dispersion liquid is much simpler than the roll cover material.
Faktory i tekhnologicheskiye peredely, vliyayushchiye na dvizheniye vlagi v betone [Factors and production stages, affecting the movement of moisture in concrete] (2009) Vestnik TGASU, 4, pp. 142-151.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: Bo Qin Gu, Ye Chen, D.S. Zhu
The temperature-dependent tensile strength is an important indicator used to evaluate
combination property of short-fiber-reinforced elastomer matrix composite.
The temperature-dependent tensile strength is an important indicator used to evaluate combination property of this kind of sealing composite [1].
The tensile strength of fibrous composites and its influencing factors were widely investigated at normal temperature [2]-[10].
The thermal stress in SFRE is induced by the variation of temperature because of the difference in the properties of the fiber and matrix.
The temperature induces the thermal stresses in the fiber, matrix and fiber-matrix interface, which affect the temperature-dependent tensile strength of the composite finally.
The temperature-dependent tensile strength is an important indicator used to evaluate combination property of this kind of sealing composite [1].
The tensile strength of fibrous composites and its influencing factors were widely investigated at normal temperature [2]-[10].
The thermal stress in SFRE is induced by the variation of temperature because of the difference in the properties of the fiber and matrix.
The temperature induces the thermal stresses in the fiber, matrix and fiber-matrix interface, which affect the temperature-dependent tensile strength of the composite finally.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Roumen H. Petrov, Leo A.I. Kestens, Karri V. Mani Krishna, Rajesh Khatirkar, Prita Pant, Indradev Samajdar
The preferred appearance of strain localizations in deformed g-fibre grains has long been attributed to higher values of Taylor factor M [4,5] and/or stronger textural softening (-dM/de) [6] in g-fibre orientations.
Dislocation sub-structures are also affected by recovery and usually it is very difficult to demarcate dynamic recovery from plastic deformation.
Also, recovery is very difficult to quantify in terms of property/microstructural measurements [1].
If dM/de does not get significantly affected by the deformation conditions, then the increased presence of grain interior strain localizations is primarily caused by drm/de (reduced drm/de by recovery with corresponding enhancement of the role of dM/de).
Doherty, Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Metallic Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007
Dislocation sub-structures are also affected by recovery and usually it is very difficult to demarcate dynamic recovery from plastic deformation.
Also, recovery is very difficult to quantify in terms of property/microstructural measurements [1].
If dM/de does not get significantly affected by the deformation conditions, then the increased presence of grain interior strain localizations is primarily caused by drm/de (reduced drm/de by recovery with corresponding enhancement of the role of dM/de).
Doherty, Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Metallic Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Da Zhi E, Qing Shan Meng, Xiao Li Sheng, Da Wei Xia, Lian Tie Wang
Introduction
The more progress of the society and the development of science and technology, the more widely of electricity used, and then also produced many unsafe factors.
Wire laying is not standard, lines no update for long time, wires aging, poor quality of the wires,so the number of fire more and more,and cause of casualties and property losses increased year after year [3].
Due to the low melting point of aluminum conductor, together with the more affecting factor of forming the trace, the organization formed in fire can also be different, so, in the practical application of the fire has yet to be studied further.
[6] Quankun Liu:Material Molding Basic Principle(Mechanical Industry Press,Beijing 2005).
Wire laying is not standard, lines no update for long time, wires aging, poor quality of the wires,so the number of fire more and more,and cause of casualties and property losses increased year after year [3].
Due to the low melting point of aluminum conductor, together with the more affecting factor of forming the trace, the organization formed in fire can also be different, so, in the practical application of the fire has yet to be studied further.
[6] Quankun Liu:Material Molding Basic Principle(Mechanical Industry Press,Beijing 2005).
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Xian Zheng Bu, Jian Wu Zhang, Jian Hao, Zhen Luo
It is worse that the mechanical properties decreased sharply with the increased size of heat affected zone.
Table 1 Experiment Parameters Optimization using L9(34) orthogonal array Number Experiment Parameters Factors Welding current [A] Welding speed [mm/min] Welding Gap [mm] 1 130 100 2 2 130 140 3 3 130 180 4 4 150 100 3 5 150 140 4 6 150 180 2 7 170 100 4 8 170 140 2 9 170 180 3 The surfaces of the plates were chemically cleaned using acetone to eliminate surface grease and smearing ethanol to clean surface moisture.
As Heiple and Roper studied, the direction of fluid flow can affect the weld morphology [7].
Compared to the welding without fluxes, the welding with CaO and TiO2 has deeper penetration and the heat affected zone (HAZ) is smaller, which reduce the range of plastic zone, resulting in the reduction of angular distortion.
Compared to the welding without fluxes, the welding with CaO and TiO2 has deeper penetration and the heat affected zone (HAZ) is smaller, which reduce the range of plastic zone, resulting in the reduction of angular distortion. 3.
Table 1 Experiment Parameters Optimization using L9(34) orthogonal array Number Experiment Parameters Factors Welding current [A] Welding speed [mm/min] Welding Gap [mm] 1 130 100 2 2 130 140 3 3 130 180 4 4 150 100 3 5 150 140 4 6 150 180 2 7 170 100 4 8 170 140 2 9 170 180 3 The surfaces of the plates were chemically cleaned using acetone to eliminate surface grease and smearing ethanol to clean surface moisture.
As Heiple and Roper studied, the direction of fluid flow can affect the weld morphology [7].
Compared to the welding without fluxes, the welding with CaO and TiO2 has deeper penetration and the heat affected zone (HAZ) is smaller, which reduce the range of plastic zone, resulting in the reduction of angular distortion.
Compared to the welding without fluxes, the welding with CaO and TiO2 has deeper penetration and the heat affected zone (HAZ) is smaller, which reduce the range of plastic zone, resulting in the reduction of angular distortion. 3.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Yong Kang Zhang, Gui Fang Sun, Rui Zhou, Peng Li
Effects of Processing Parameters on the Laser Deposited Co-285 + WC Coatings
Guifang Sun1,a, Rui Zhou2,b , Peng Li1,c and Yongkang Zhang1,d
1School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;
2School of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China.
Composites of cobalt and WC have good wear resistance and high temperature properties [4,5].
Laser power (A), addition amount of WC (B) and scanning speed (C) were chosen as three factors in the Taguchi design (Table 2).
In a word, microhardness of the matrix was affected by both the addition amount of WC and the P/V value.
Analysis of the number of signal levels and extreme differences in the Taguchi method of both the microhardness of the matrix and the Rockwell hardness of the deposited coatings shows that the best combination of the factors is A2B3C1 and the importance of the factors follows B→C→A, i. e. in this study, the best laser processing parameters for hardness (specimen 6) is that laser power 0.6 kW, the addition amount of WC 30wt%, the scanning speed 0.3m/min; and the addition amount of WC has the most important effect on the microhardness of the matrix and the Rockwell hardness of the deposited coatings, followed by the scanning speed and laser power.
Composites of cobalt and WC have good wear resistance and high temperature properties [4,5].
Laser power (A), addition amount of WC (B) and scanning speed (C) were chosen as three factors in the Taguchi design (Table 2).
In a word, microhardness of the matrix was affected by both the addition amount of WC and the P/V value.
Analysis of the number of signal levels and extreme differences in the Taguchi method of both the microhardness of the matrix and the Rockwell hardness of the deposited coatings shows that the best combination of the factors is A2B3C1 and the importance of the factors follows B→C→A, i. e. in this study, the best laser processing parameters for hardness (specimen 6) is that laser power 0.6 kW, the addition amount of WC 30wt%, the scanning speed 0.3m/min; and the addition amount of WC has the most important effect on the microhardness of the matrix and the Rockwell hardness of the deposited coatings, followed by the scanning speed and laser power.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Tao Ye, Bin Jiang, Peng Jia
The Micro-analysis about the Morphology and Characteristics of the Ball Mill Slag Powder
Tao YE1, a, Peng JIA2,b, Bin JIANG3,c
1,2School of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, WHUT, Wuhan 430070, China
awhyetao@hotmail.com, bjiapenglg@163.com, c14.bin@163.com.
The quality of image segmentation will directly affect the follow-up study.
The main purpose of the image threshold in accordance with a gray level particles, it is divided pixel again, so that each adjacent area of particle has uniform properties, and the threshold selection is particularly important, it determines an image segmentation success or not.
Tab.1 Micro- appearance Quantization Parameter of Slag Morphology quantitative parameters computing method Shape factor Roundness factor Flat degree Edge angle Surface roughness P represents the perimeter of the grain boundaries, A represents the particle size, L and B respectively represents the maximum and minimum particle diameter Fred, represents minimum circumscribed polygon perimeter of particle, represents the circumference of the equivalent ellipse.
Tab. 2 Micro- appearance Quantization Result of GBFS Parameters Grinding time The average shape factor The average factor of roundness The average degree of flat The average angle of edge Ag Surface roughness 5min 2.460094 0.65935 2.539048 1.545127 1.71675 10min 1.779947 0.666454 2.368288 1.265975 1.56131 15min 1.589298 0.669378 2.018109 1.054925 1.458074 20min 1.187282 0.673551 1.791028 0.931079 1.377043 From the table, results showed that: (1) With the extension of the ball mill grinding time, the slag powder group shape index, flatness, angularity and surface roughness were decreased, roundness coefficient increases, the morphology of slag powder will become more spherical; (2) The shape index of slag powder particles reflect the contour features, K become the greater indicates that the more complex the shape of the particles, the shape index was significantly decreased and roundness coefficient no significant change after segmentation; (3)The size of particles shadow
The quality of image segmentation will directly affect the follow-up study.
The main purpose of the image threshold in accordance with a gray level particles, it is divided pixel again, so that each adjacent area of particle has uniform properties, and the threshold selection is particularly important, it determines an image segmentation success or not.
Tab.1 Micro- appearance Quantization Parameter of Slag Morphology quantitative parameters computing method Shape factor Roundness factor Flat degree Edge angle Surface roughness P represents the perimeter of the grain boundaries, A represents the particle size, L and B respectively represents the maximum and minimum particle diameter Fred, represents minimum circumscribed polygon perimeter of particle, represents the circumference of the equivalent ellipse.
Tab. 2 Micro- appearance Quantization Result of GBFS Parameters Grinding time The average shape factor The average factor of roundness The average degree of flat The average angle of edge Ag Surface roughness 5min 2.460094 0.65935 2.539048 1.545127 1.71675 10min 1.779947 0.666454 2.368288 1.265975 1.56131 15min 1.589298 0.669378 2.018109 1.054925 1.458074 20min 1.187282 0.673551 1.791028 0.931079 1.377043 From the table, results showed that: (1) With the extension of the ball mill grinding time, the slag powder group shape index, flatness, angularity and surface roughness were decreased, roundness coefficient increases, the morphology of slag powder will become more spherical; (2) The shape index of slag powder particles reflect the contour features, K become the greater indicates that the more complex the shape of the particles, the shape index was significantly decreased and roundness coefficient no significant change after segmentation; (3)The size of particles shadow