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From above, to prevent cars from going across the road, it’s essential to find out the mechanical properties and failure mechanism which are under the action of guardrails, pillars and soil coupling, so as to withstand vehicle collision.
As can be seen from the above, ’s character is that its value reduces gradually with deformation. 3.Numerical Simulation Analysis Analyzing and calculating the factors that affect pile’s horizontal subgrade reaction and displacement correctly is of the utmost importance.
Conclusion With the help of the ABAQUS software,we built the coupling model of pillar and soil under the action of horizontal load, and analyzed soil’s mechanical behavior when pillar is under the action of horizontal load, and also, proposed theoretical expression about the coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction.

These defects significantly affect the physico-mechanical properties of the materials and result in local disorder features of the stress distribution if loaded.
Consequently, direct simulation of the randomness of disordered material microstructure is useful in reaching to a better understanding of brittle failure and the improved predication of the physico- mechanical properties.
However, in most of the cases, analytical models have to be simplified and sometimes this simplification ignores very important factors influencing the material behavior.
According to the Weibull distribution and the definition of homogeneity index, a larger m implies that more elements with the mechanical properties approximated to the mean value and a more homogeneous disordered media.
The mechanical properties for the two specimens are listed in Table 1.

These parameters mainly depend on the diameter, wall thickness and material type of a tube; sometimes, they also depend on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the material.
Sometimes, owing to the differences between the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the material used, technological parameters must be changed.
The material of the billet was assigned the properties of 13CrMo4-5 steel.
In addition, 13CrMo4-5 steel has a good workability, both in hot and cold deformation, as well as good machining properties.
[8] Alloyed steel with specified elevated temperature properties.

Balasubramanian2,b, 1, 2, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, INDIA anaik@nitt.edu, bkrbala@nitt.edu Keywords: AISI 316L Austenitic stainless steel, GTAW, Bead Profile, Taguchi technique, Grey relational analysis.
This is because the weld pool geometry plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties of the weld.
Figure 2: S/N ratio plot for the overall Grey relational grade Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) The purpose of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is to investigate which welding parameters significantly affect the performance characteristic.
The estimated Grey relational grade g0 using the optimal level of the design parameters can be calculated as: g0 = gm (6) where γm is the total mean Grey relational grade, γi is the mean Grey relational grade at the optimal level, and n is the number of the main design parameters that affect the quality characteristics.
Table 6: Results of confirmation test Initial factor setting Optimal process condition Prediction Experimental Factor level F1I1S1 F2I1S3 F2I1S3 BW 3.2 2.5 BH 0.3 0.1 DP 0.7 0.7 Overall grey relational grade 0.573 0.724 0.736 S/N ratio of overall Grey relational grade -4.837 -2.805 -2.657 Conclusions Taguchi method is a very effective tool for process optimization under limited number of experimental runs.

The sequence of the possible virtual deformed shapes of the damaged structure can be obtained through a static analysis, in which qext is scaled by a factor λ in order to match the imposed value ηy(B).
Table 1: geometrical and mechanical properties of the analyzed beams Static analyses of the sound and damaged beams, performed by dividing every L-long span in 10 segments, lead to the q-ϕΒ curves depicted in Fig 2.a.
The factor Fd (≤ 1) is scale dependent [2] and takes into account the effects of dynamics and finite ductility, which are generally neglected in the limit analyses of beams.
In the considered beams, Fd(bI) = 0.907 and Fd(bII) = 0.916, therefore the distribution of reinforcement only affects RSRSTAT.
In the case of RC beams, the distribution of steel reinforcing bars mainly affects the static - perfectly plastic contribution, and the usage of symmetric reinforcement at upper and bottom layers improves robustness.

It may greatly affect the disaster relief work once the bridges are damaged under the debris flow[1].
Since the mechanical behavior of debris flow impact is similar to that of ship colliding pier, nowadays the method of calculating debris flow impact mainly refers to the calculation of ship collision force [5].
On the issue of debris flow impacting in the bridge pier, there are many factors that affect the degree of damage of bridge pier under the impact loads, in addition to structure characteristics of bridge pier.
[6] ShenShouchang: Debris flow experimental study of rheological properties.
（JTJ D60-2004）[S] [15] LuoQizhi, Huang Zhibin: Mechanical Model and Lateral Transient Responses of Bridge Piers in Collision with Ship.

Major factors influencing the ability of laser protection are thickness of anodized aluminum sheet d and surface roughness Ra.
In these two factors, it is evident that the thicker the aluminum, the more strong the ability of laser protection.
A model of ZrO2 coated aluminum sheet is established in accordance with the actual process (as shown in Fig.6), which is a structure of four layers with different thermophysical properties.
The main factor affected protective performance is surface roughness, which will be smaller, reflectivity is higher and protective performance is stronger.
[3] TAKACS, J., in: Proceedings of First Conference on Mechanical Engineering.

The material properties and input parameters for these two material models are shown in the following tables: Table 1 Orthotropic elastic properties of pultruded GFRP profiles [8] 28870 3505 2980 0.21 0.011 0.013 Table 2 Orthotropic damage initiation of pultruded GFRP profiles [8] 301.198 310.785 29.78 31.97 33.0 33.0 Table 3 Fracture energies for pultruded GFRP profiles 12.5 12.5 1.0 1.0 Table 4 Properties of geopolymer concrete [2] Cross-section, [mm] Modulus of elasticity, [MPa] Poisson’s ratio Maximum compressive strength, [MPa] Maximum tensile strength, [MPa] 170 × 80 19000 0.14* 40 4.0* *Assumed The concrete damaged plasticity model was chosen to model the inelastic behavior of geopolymer concrete.
The value of dilation angle could be affected by different factors, such as the failure compressive strength, the shape and size of aggregates [14].
The relationship between the dilation angle and the internal friction angle is another factor to determine the value of dilation angle.
Mesh sensitivity is an important factor for a numerical analysis.
Jensen, Mechanical properties of high strength concrete and application in design, Proceeding of the Symposium of on Utilization of high strength concrete, Trondheim, 1987, pp. 149-159

So it is desired to have proper models that predict the properties of SMAs taking into consideration the process routes and heat treatments.
These precipitates significantly influence the martensitic transformation of NiTi due to the following important factors: (i) the stress state around the precipitates, and (ii) the Ni-depletion in the matrix close to the precipitates.
Both affect the formation of the B19’ phase due to stress and composition dependence of the phase transition temperatures [13] influencing thermomechanical properties such as size of hysteresis and Clausius-Clapeyron slopes in addition to residual strains and plastic yield limit.
Blocks of7×26×6mm are cut from the billets with Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) and then mechanically grounded to remove the EDM-affected surface layer.
The model considers both the structural and chemical effects of the Ni4Ti3 precipitation process, i.e., precipitate volume fraction, differences in elastic properties with the matrix, coherency stresses due to the lattice mismatch between the precipitates and matrix material, and Ni-distribution resulting from Ni-depletion during precipitate growth.

Fig.5 Photo of ELID grinding experimental device 1-Centre height fine-tuning device 2-workpiece 3-vacuum chuck 4-Vertical (Z coordinates) servo motor 5-Control Unit 6-Micro-displacement detection device 7-Vibration isolation devices 8-Horizontal (X coordinates) servo motor Fig.6 ELID grinding experimental device schematic Table 2 ELID grinding conditions Voltage duty cycle Frequency Spindle speed Workpiece speed Feed rate 120V 65% 60kHz 700r/min 700r/min 1µm/s Table 3 ELID grinding conditions coolant grinding wheel graininess Wheel diameter Wheel speed Feed depth Dedicated grinding fluid W10 10mm 80000r/min 1µm Experimental Results and Analysis of Influence Factors Measuring Results of Spherical Error of Concave Spherical Surfaces and Analysis of Influence Factors.
The reason of error forming of spherical surface is that: Firstly, the machining accuracy of transition disk itself is not enough to ensure the position accuracy of axle holes, and coaxiality error of the axle holes is one of the important factors affect on the accuracy of spherical accuracy.
(a) spherical surface after ELID Ⅲ grinding (b) spherical surface after ELIDⅡ grinding Fig.7 Measuring results of spherical surface Measuring Results of Surface Roughness of Concave Spherical Surfaces and Analysis of Influencing Factors.
Liu: China Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 10 (1999) No.5, pp.570-576.
Yang: Mechanical Workers, Vol. 11 (2003), No.9, pp.44-45.