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After that it was deformed by rolling at 500 оС with 40 % reduction of thickness.
It is seen there are drastic extension and reduction of specimen size upon its heating and cooling, respectively.
Taking into consideration the resistivity measurement results described above we related them with the dilatation data.

Recent improvements in electrolyte performances lead to operating temperature reduction from above 1000°C to a range of 700-900°C, making metallic alloys suitable for interconnect application.
Replacing former ceramic components by metallic ones also reduces the cell electrical resistivity, makes the temperature more homogeneous, and above all enables easier manufacturing and cost reductions.
The typical diffusivity of chromium and manganese in a nickel base alloy at 800°C is of the order 10-13 cm²/s, the thermogravimetric data show that the constants of oxidation kt are about kt = 10-14 cm²/s.

The reduction of these properties can be attributed to the poor filler–matrix interaction.
In the graphically data shown the impact strength of the neat PP is extremely higher than PP/OPA composites.
In the case of higher filler content, the particles might be ease to form some defects in the PP matrix due to the interaction between neighboring particles being enhanced, and these defects might generate small cracks under impact load, leading to no increase or reduction of the impact fracture strength of these composite systems.

Fig.6 Layout of measuring points Based on analyze, for tunnel-building integrated structure ,vibration acceleration level for all measuring points are above 65dB, data are shown in Fig.7.
The area which is outstanding in the extent of relative reduction has been shown in Figure 8.
Fig.8 Vibration reduction zone Meanwhile, dominant frequency of VLZ for some certain measuring points can be reduced by using track spectrum with stricter standard.

The techniques of motion study lead to many good solutions for cost reduction programs, which reflect favorably on the person doing the study [2].
Method-Time Measurement (MTM) is the only predetermined time system for which the entre data and research have been made completely and readily available to the general public[3].
The bottle is made ​​of the vertical during the slow down (put the bottle in a vertical position, when used on a daily basis to prevent the glue from the bottle after work). 1.3 Pivot pin and 45-degree corner ; Improved by the reduction of the glue because the glue can be applied to any one piece of dowel can not be applied to both pieces.

Shenoy and Fatemi [4] optimized a connecting rod for weight and cost reduction.
Data from both models clearly show that a tension loading is much higher compared to that of compression load, and this enormous stress will speed up fatigue phenomenon.
Shenoy and Ali Fatemi: Connecting Rod Optimization for Weight and Cost Reduction”, SAE Technical Paper, 2005-01-0987

One of the solutions of costs reduction in case of shafts is the use of a special, high quality low alloy steel ETGâ88, quite recently developed and introduced into the market.
Some data are available, when C45 steel was used to validate recent new models predicting fatigue durability at different conditions, like an approach using amplitude of energy parameter control [4], model for calculation of fatigue life under programmable load [5], new method to determine the fatigue limit and the p-S-N curve [6] etc.
Table 1: Mechanical properties of ETGâ88 and C45+C steels Material Static strength (MPa) Proof stress (MPa) Ductility A5.65 (%) Area reduction (%) Notched impact energy KV (J)* ETGâ88 Æ11 mm 947 791 14.3 36.1 106 ETGâ88 Æ50 mm 892 742 11.5 32.0 8 C45+C Æ12 mm 836 716 12.6 47.9 13 C45+C Æ12 mm 745 717 10.2 41.2 8 *) Average value Table 2: Actual chemical composition of ETGâ88 and C45+C steels Material C Si Mn P S ETGâ88 Æ11 mm 0.463 0.112 1.54 0.022 0.50 ETGâ88 Æ50 mm 0.418 0.107 1.61 0,017 0.52 ETGâ88 requirements 0.42-0.48 0.10-0.30 1.35-1.65 £ 0.04 0.24-0.33 C45+C Æ12 mm 0.451 0.246 0.55 0.015 0.012 C45+C Æ12 mm 0.426 0.228 0.55 0.017 0.009 C45+C requirements 0.40-0.50 £ 0.43 0.46-0.84 £ 0.050 £ 0.050 Fig. 1: Survey of results of fatigue tests with indicated values of endurance limit Results of fatigue tests are interesting and several features should be commented in detail, which is unfortunately impossible within the paper extent.

heat dissipating area; Using standardized module and prefabricated unit, reduce demand for material, reduce the costs of construction and operation, cut down the construction waste and pollution; In terms of building structure, the large-scale use of recyclable steel as main structure of building; Maximize the area of south-facing glasses, minimize that of the north-facing glasses (figure 2), and to control the proportion of the total windows and walls than 0.3 or so, the south-facing wall has large area of windows which can be opened (the area is larger than 30% of the total window area) ;the southeast and southwest external wall use shading devices, the use of light reflection plate will reflect sunlight into the main office space, the upper with skylights to enhance natural lighting (figure 3), to reduce energy consumption, uses the excellent thermal performance of building palisade structure, such as low-e glass, high-performance exterior insulation materials, low thermal incremental reduction
To make the buildings realize the goal of reducing carbon emissions and save energy, it’s not comprehensive that only from the application and design of the passive and active low carbon energy saving technology, because it must cooperate with the relative corresponding evaluation standard, evaluate the building from the design stage to the operation and even the whole life cycle assessment of demolition in the future to obtain data on quantitative, this will be the important stuff to evaluate the building whether receive prospective goal of carbon emissions standards and energy conservation.
Based on life cycle assessment of building carbon reduction countermeasures study [D].

Those data show that worn tread in qR value, diameter difference of wheelsets and flange height are significant, so that more attention is necessary to these during daily test.
Effect of Tread Wear on Dynamic Response of Vehicle and Passengers To investigate the effect of worn tread on vehicle and passengers, new tread, worn one running 0.24 million km (marked as Wear 1), worn one running 0.41 million km (marked as Wear 2),and turned one are compared with each other by vehicle- passengers coupled model in maximum derailment coefficient, maximum wheel/rail lateral force, rate of wheel load reduction, nonlinear critical speed, riding index evaluated by Sperling formula in GB5599-85 and comfort by Root Mean Square (RMS) of vibration in ISO2631-1 [7].
Table 2 The difference between ISO2631-1(1997) and Sperling in GB5599-85 ISO2631-1(1997) GB5599-85 RMS Subjective perception Sperling (Passengers Vehicle) Evaluation <0.315/0.315~0.65 No uncomfortable /a little uncomfortable <2.5 Excellent 0.5~1.0/0.8~1.6 Fairy uncomfortable / uncomfortable 2.5~2.75 Good 1.25~2.5/ >2.5 Very uncomfortable / extremely uncomfortable 2.75~3.0 Qualified Table 3 Effect of different tread on dynamic response of vehicle and passengers Tread Derailment coefficient Wheel/rail lateral force [kN] Rate of wheel load reduction Critical speed [km/h] Sperling y Sperling z ISO2631 LMA 0.15 46 0.12 535 1.8 1.6 0.15 Wear1 0.58 62 0.58 413 2.6 2.2 0.85 Wear2 0.99 68 0. 65 352 2.9 2.3 1.10 Turned 0.21 49 0.31 464 2.0 1.7 0.21 Figures in Table 3 reflect the effect of worn tread on vehicle and passengers.

It has been reported that when porous silicon (PS) was immersed in NiSO4 solution, the reduction of the metal ion is usually accompanied by the oxidation of Si, that is to say Ni and SiO2 were synthesized simultaneously during the immersion plating event.
Additionally, SiO2 react with CO gas which was produced in the carbothermal reduction of WO3 by graphite (C) [23] at the Ni catalyst surface to form SiO.
Combining with the XRD measurement data, the emission peak at ~409 nm could be attributed to the effect of the oxygen discrepancy in the SiO2 amorphous layer [24-26].