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Treated GNP samples experienced ID/IG ratio reduction from 0.314 to 0.208, as compared to untreated GNPs.
The reduction in the ratio value indicates the occurrence of defects and formation of distorted hybridized sp3 structures due to the sonication and high shearing action during the surface treatment.
Results NR/EPDM 0.00wt.% 0.25wt.% 0.50wt.% 1.00wt.% 3.00wt.% 5.00wt.% TS Blend A 7.322 7.970 9.119 11.378 13.738 10.702 Blend B 7.322 10.477 10.770 12.048 1.286 1.099 %.E Blend A 824.687 834.022 946.987 1057.269 1129.739 952.779 Blend B 824.687 919.035 923.184 941.814 304.397 281.517 M100 Blend A 1.080 1.108 1.155 1.172 1.481 1.607 Blend B 1.080 1.339 1.479 1.537 0.933 0.728 M300 Blend A 2.046 2.060 2.273 2.313 2.967 3.233 Blend B 2.046 2.936 9.980 11.070 9.843 9.279 The mechanical tensile property data for NR/EPDM rubber blend system filled with uGNPs (system A) and GNPs-C0890 (system B) at various loading is tabulated in Table 2.
At higher nanofiller loading, a significant reduction of all the mechanical tensile properties attributes occurred due to the filler agglomeration among GNPs-C0890 and phase separation between NR and EPDM by crosslinking retardation phenomenon.

In fact it is presumed that closed loop supply chains are sustainable supply chains since closing the loop and adding the reverse chain helps the reduction of environmental effects and increasing the economical benefits[12].The concept of sustainability in supply chain has three dimensions: economic environmental and social and the trade-off among all these three aspects is required.
In terms of distribution, choosing the cleaner transportation through the supply chain results in reduction of greenhouse gases and positively contributes to the sustainability of the supply chain.
Generally the main incentives for returning the products and treating them in the reverse chain are economics (direct and indirect), legislation(reduction of environmental impact of the production processes, minimizing the land filling and disposal, increasing the recovery of used products, reducing the resource uses by using recycled and recovered material) and corporate citizenship (social aspect such as brand image)[2].
The application of fuzzy set theories could handle the uncertainty in the supply chain especially when the statistical data are not reliable or available[18].

It is reasonable to anticipate that the reduction of the crystallite size down to nanometric dimensions can significantly improve the diffusion of hydrogen atoms.
The value of the average coherent crystallite size (D) obtained for the Mg2Ni compound phase characterizing the HEBM powder (D=15 nm) and the as-pressed billet (D=18) nm is in line with literature data [21] (Fig. 3a).
The evolution of the average crystallite size during the ECAP process, on the other hand, is less complex, i.e. only a moderate crystallite size reduction is noticed in Fig. 3b (D=13 nm for ECAP 6x).
Convolutional whole profile fitting analysis of the X-ray diffractograms revealed that ECAP deformation of the powders results in a moderate crystallite size reduction (D=13 nm), while CR results in an intermediate recrystallization (up to D=37 nm) followed by subsequent nanocrystallization.

Data in previous researches has been collected in this work, which can be used in a particular environment and specific types of concrete for different background, while making it difficult to analysis the influencing factors as a whole.
In order to find a relative systematical solution to summarize the data, Grey Relational Analysis method is applied to analysis the mass data collected from previous literates at home and aboard.
In this research, 904 sets of data from almost fifty works and researches are excerpted from previous experiments to serve the whole research.
Besides, based on the previous data, main factors that influencing the mechanical strength of concrete in marine environment involve the original w/c, mineral admixtures content, initial immersion strength, the immersing solutions concentration, temperature and immersing age.
The shortage of data over 30-year full-immersion made it hard to assess the long-term deterioration of marine structures; besides, the influence of marine ions and the concrete materials itself are complex and no synthetic model to describe the influence properly.

In hammer peening, the weld profile is modified due to removal or reduction of minute crack-like flaws; compressive residual stresses are also induced by repeated hammering of the weld toe region with blunt-nosed chisel.
Fig. 4 shows the statistical characteristics of the ρ and θ by plotting the measured data in a cumulative probability paper.
It can be seen that the fatigue life calculated is similar to that of experimental results, which gives a possibility to predict analytically a fatigue life for HP specimens with the measured data for the bead shape and residual stress.

The substitution of chromium by manganese leads to an increased hardness (+50 HV10) and a reduction of the critical cooling speed from 19 K s−1 for the reference alloys to 9 K s−1 for the new alloy and a nearly constant hardness of (600 HV10) after Jominy­test.
Experimental data: [9] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 300 400 500 600 700 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 exp. 42CrMo4 exp.
Experimental data: [9] Table 2: Hardness determined after physical induction hardening simulations using a dilatometer.

Under the same condition, the thermal dispersion coefficient of a circular particle model is maximum, and it increases with the rise of Ped number; with the increase of the porosity or the reduction of Darcy velocity, the thermal dispersion coefficient reduces increasingly.
Dimensionless turbulent kinetic energies of different models are verified to confirm the accuracy of models and simulated data in this paper and ensure the reliability and feasibility of data.

The reduction of PO2 results in localized oxidation sites.
An in-house LabView data acquisition system collects these datas.
Table.2 Gas composition H2O O2 CnHm Argon (Alphagaz Ar) < 3 ppm < 2 ppm < 0,5 ppm Nitrogen (Alphagaz N2) < 3 ppm < 2 ppm < 0,5 ppm 1)Hüttinger induction facility - 25kW, 3 to 4 MHz frequency 2) Data acquisition system (National Instrument PXI-1002 - Soft Labview) 3) Gas pipe 4) Chamber with controlled atmosphere 5) Vacuum pump 6) SR1 Specimen 7) Water cooled direction through the TF specimen 8) Induction coil Fig. 4.

The tested data shows that the average temperature of the head, medium and tail of traditional Kang in a normal room are 65.7˚C, 43.28˚C and 39.82˚C.
Comparing the two groups of data, we can get the conclusion that the distribution of temperature in the new system Kang is more balance than traditional Kang, which improves the surface comfort of Kang.
Rural energy-saving program is an important content of the national "energy-saving emission-reduction".

The frame is sliding from the beginning to the end of the data set with a constant pace.
The presented detection algorithms were applied to the data recorded with a 0.01s sampling time.
During the initiation, the FFT window is placed at the data start.
Next, the FFT analysis of the input and output data is performed.
The communication was established via a CAN data bus.