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Make use of FPGA to carry out ultrasonic wave high definition Nondestructive Thickness Measurement Yang Weijian Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Sichuan Zigong,643000 Keywords: Nondestructive Thickness Measurement, Ultrasonic, MCU, FPGA, Transmission Speed Abstract.This paper discussed the principle of the Nondestructive Thickness Measurement creation of the ultrasonic wave high definition and analyzed the reason that the ultrasonic wave measures a thick accuracy decision factor and error creation.
Their physical properties and principles of its particularity, in some instances play an important function, and complementary to conventional methods, ultrasonic non-destructive high-precision measuring technique is one of them.
The principle of ultrasonic non-destructive thickness measurement and work characteristics Ultrasound is a mechanical wave frequencies above 20000Hz, due to high frequency ultrasound, wave length, direction and therefore has good penetration, and because the ultrasonic energy, to facilitate detection, it can be used to achieve non-destructive testing.
Error of ultrasonic wave velocity.Ultrasonic propagation velocity affected by the test material, the different propagation velocity of ultrasonic testing of different materials, at the same time have a close relationship with the temperature.
Using Quartus II 6.0 is designed as follows: The internal PLL design.By calculating the internal PLL output is 240MHZ, the external clock input is 48MHZ, so set the multiplier factor of 5 / 1, to provide internal clock C0 output.

In recent years, with the rapid development of agricultural mechanization mechanized farming were carried out in field and compacted soil simultaneously, which caused the changes of soil structural properties, so that increased soil bulk density, decreased porosity and permeability to hinder water, air, heat transfer in soil layer, and also increased resistance to root penetration, affecting the crop nutrient to uptake, leading to reduction in crops yields[1].
Soil compaction impact on soil bulk density Soil bulk density is an important factor that reflects the soil structural characteristics.
The change of bulk density influences moisture, fertilizer, air, thermal conditions in soil directly or indirectly, thereby, affecting the crops growth.
Soil hardness changes after rolling Soil compaction impact on soil porosity Soil porosity is an important structural indicator to reflect the soil physical properties.
,et al, Soil compactibility as affected by soil moisture content and farmyard manure in central Iran[J].

In a real sense, the conductivity of polymers is due to the combination of some factors.
Moreso, choice of dopant for conductive polymers can also affect the structural properties and surface features of polymers [103, 104].
Jiang, A facile approach for the fabrication of core–shell PEDOT nanofiber mats with superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility, J.
Poole-Warren, Impact of co-incorporating laminin peptide dopants and neurotrophic growth factors on conducting polymer properties. 
Fatas, Electrochemical and mechanical properties of polypyrrole coatings on steel, Electrochim. act. 49 (2004) 3693-3699

Researchers have extensively studied the relationship between the water-binder ratio and various concrete properties, providing valuable insights into the importance of this factor.
One of the key factors that influence the effectiveness of admixtures in concrete is the water-binder ratio.
Paret, “ Review of Properties of Concrete , 5th Ed., by A.
Javed, “Machine Learning-Based Modeling with Optimization Algorithm for Predicting Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Concrete,” Adv.
Concrete et al., “Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Fly-Ash / Slag-Based,” 2022

The durability of the structure is also considered as it significantly affects its overall environmental footprint.
However, it is necessary to compare mixtures with similar mechanical properties.
When used in a structure, concrete with better mechanical properties can reduce the dimensions of load-bearing elements, leading to material savings that may offset the higher environmental impact associated with higher-performance concrete.
For each remaining design option, the values of the impact category indicators are calculated, considering factors such as global warming and climate change, environmental acidification and eutrophication, stratospheric ozone depletion, photo-oxidant formation, and the depletion of mineral and fossil resources.
Some environmental impacts, such as stratospheric ozone depletion or mineral resource depletion, are only slightly or not at all affected by transport distance.

According to the research findings, when the heating molding temperature is about 200 ℃, # 3000 SiC can be evenly coated on the surface of high polymer material, and the completed PS coated # 3000 SiC, can indeed simultaneously retain the cutting properties of abrasives with the high polymer and a single material material property.
Introduction Current studies have found that AJM has higher efficiency than the previously used dry-type and wet-type etching, thus, it is often used to micro-machine brittle materials in micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) [1-4], making AJM seemingly become the new etching technology.
Thus, machining time can be significantly reduced, in order to consider the property of AJM and relieve the impact of abrasives on the workpieces.
During the heating process, heat loss will be easily caused by thermal conduction, convection current, or external intervening factors, which indirectly affects the abrasive grains to produce an uneven situation during the coating process.
This proves that micro-elasticity abrasives can simultaneously retain the high polymer material properties and cutting properties of abrasives with a single material, and make them have the micro-machining effect, which can effectively reduce the probability of crack derivatives and achieve the feasible goal of machining on the surface of brittle workpieces.

Wheel wear affects the grinding force and the surface quality.
For Stress Life, if experimental data is not available, several empirical options may be chosen including Gerber, Goodman and Soderberg theories which use static material properties (yield stress, tensile strength) along with S-N data to account for any mean stress.
The scale factor was set in accordance with the unit force applied to the grain.
To obtain accurate results, it is necessary to have reliable information about the mechanical properties, fatigue life curves of grain and bond materials.
J. of Research in Mechanical Engineering & Technology 6 (2016) 12-17

There are also other reports of improved mechanical properties in fiber reinforced concrete, as Malagavelli and Rao [7] who assert that the addition of fibers in concrete would substantially improve the tensile strength, cracking resistance, impact strength, wear and tear, fatigue resistance and ductility of concrete.
Fibers are very efficient in improving the dynamic properties of concrete, especially with respect to fatigue strength [17].
These variables will have a significant influence on concrete properties, as displayed in Table 1.
Table 1: The influence of adding fibers on concrete properties Properties Influence Workability The addition of any type of fiber in concrete reduces workability.
Kosior, Thermal and Mechanical properties of recycled PET and its blends, in: ANTEC 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers Annual Technical Conference (2005), pp. 3221-3225

To this end, a numerical modelling was made on the basis of a discretization of the crack front (characterized with elliptical shape), considering that the crack advance at each point is perpendicular to such a front according to a Paris-Erdogan law, and using a three-parameter stress intensity factor (SIF).
NaCl corrosion-fatigue affects the fatigue performance of high strength steel by increasing the crack growth rate in relation to its value in inert environment [3,4], this effect being even higher if the environment is constituted by Ca(OH)2+NaCl [5].
Mechanical properties of the steel were obtained by Singh and Sánchez-Gálvez [5] as follows: Young’s modulus E=204.4GPa, yield strength sY=1430MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) sR=1670MPa and fracture toughness KIC=119 MPam1/2.
The point at the cylinder surface was not taken into account, since it presents difficulties regarding the computation of the stress intensity factor (SIF) K because there is a plane stress state at the crack edge.

These limitations have stimulated the research of new ferromagnetic shape memory alloys having better mechanical properties.
Indeed, several studies have been performed to improve the mechanical and thermal properties.
Different techniques have been used to analyze diverse properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys; however, very little work has been performed to study the role of vacancies in the martensitic transformation.
This peak could be related to processes affecting the MT [7].
Therefore, it is conclude that vacancies affect the Mp transformation.