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Experimental Materials and Method Materials.
Liu: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 125, Issue 1-3(2005), p. 266 [5] C.
Mustafa: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 152, Issue 1 (2008), p. 302 [14] Y.
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Graphene is a material with a very high intrinsic strength.
High surface hardness materials are necessary in many applications such as cam or ring gears, bearings or shafts, turbine applications, and automotive components [2].
The surface hardness was measured using a Micro Materials nanoindentation tester under load control to 200 mN.
Howe, Characterization of Phases Formed in the Iron Carbide Process by X-Ray Diffraction, Mossbauer, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy Analyses, Metallurgical and materials transactions B, 32B (2001) 7
Holm, Elimination of oxide films on ferrous materials by heating in vacuum, Part of Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 28 (1942) 11.

Methods Equipment and Materials Laboratory glassware, digital balance (AND GR- 200), a pH meter (Lamotte), UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lamda 25), emulsification stirrer (0-3000 rpm).
All materials used p.a quality (Merck ), namely: mercury (II) chloride, benzoyl-acetone, span 20, span 80, kerosene, hydrochloric acid, dithizone, carbon tetrachloride, nitric acid.
Journal of Membrane Science, 229(1-2), pp.235-239
Journal of Environmental Protection, 3(01), p.129-134
Journal of hazardous materials, 151(2-3), pp.610-615

%Cu during unidirectional solidification Guowei1* Chang, Shuying1 Chen, Qingchun1 Li, Lili2 Guo and Xudong1 Yue 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China; 2Jinzhou Jinheng Automotive Safety System Co., Ltd, Jinzhou 121006, China E-mail: g.w.chang@hotmail.com, csy740608@foxmail.com, lqcsusan@126.com, guolili4308@sohu.com, x.d.yue@163.com Keywords: Al-Cu alloy; metallic solidification; pulse electric field; columnar crystals Abstract.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Department of Education of Liaoning Province, China (No. 202152047) References [1] Li Jie, Ma Jianhong and Gao Yulai,et al: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 490 (2008), p. 452 [2] Ma Jianhong, Li Jie and Gao Yulai, et al: Materials Letters Vol. 63 (2009), p. 142 [3] Tang Yong, Wang Jingsong and Cang Daqing: Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 22 (2000), p. 307 [4] Song Juntao, Zhang Jun and Qin Hongxia,et al: Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 27 (2005), p. 564 [5] Cui Heng, Zong Yanbing, and Cang Daqiang,et al: Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 14 (2007), p. 317 [6] S.R.
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Furthermore, the use of ZnO as an electron transport materials improved all other parameter devices.
Snaith, Science 338, 6107, 643-647. (2012)
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One of such methods is the use of the different sludge in the production of building materials
The measurements were carried out according to standard techniques for ceramic materials.
Glass-ceramic from sewage sludge ash, journal of materials science. 32 (1997) 1775—1779 [11] R.
Study on reuse of heavy metal rich sludge in ceramic pigment and construction material production, VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 24 (2008) 280-286
Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 251 (2017) 012018.

Experimental Materials.
He: Materials Science and Engineering: C Vol. 92 (2018), p. 1092 [4] M.K.M.
Mihailescu: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 134 (2017) [7] M.
Lloyd-Jones: Materials Today Communications Vol. 19 (2019), p. 286 [14] S.E.
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Science. 2007, 5814, 954-959.DOI: 10.1126
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For the higher surface energy, nano materials take a role as thickening agent in composite materials.
Chinese Journal of Materials Research，2003，17(002)：138-144
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Polymer Materials Science & Engineering, 2010, 26(4): 120-123 [9] Xiang-sheng Meng，Peng Wang，Gui-jie Mao.
Preparation and Property of Composite Films of Polymer-Polyvinyl Alcohol/nm-Silica[J].Polymer Materials Science & Engineering,2007, 23(001):133-136.

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