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Among them, the virtual world is interactive virtual environment, involving the model structure, dynamics characteristics, physical constraints, lighting and collision detection, etc; computer environment involves the processor configuration, multi-channel and real-time operating system, etc; virtual reality software is used to provide the capacity of real-time structure and participating in the virtual world, involving modeling, physical simulation, etc; input and output devices are used to observe and manipulate the virtual world, involving the tracking system, image display, voice interaction, tactile feedback, etc.
Figure 1-3 The structure of virtual reality system An ideal virtual reality system should meet the following three conditions: (1) The database of the virtual world could accommodate a large amount of data to guarantee the completion of complex tasks; (2) The data of standard sketches and system (sensors) could automatically generate the model without constructing the models by other auxiliary tools or programming; in addition, the system could generate color for the objects in the virtual world automatically from photos or renderings, or regulate the gray scale and saturation automatically, thereby releasing the heavy manual work; (3) The tools to observe the virtual world, for example, the helmet equipped with stereoscopic glasses can have a wide range of freedom, so that the viewer will not be restricted.
In this decade, VR has become a very popular research direction of computer graphics, for it has been widely used in various areas, such as finite element analysis, fluid computing, medical imaging, molecular chemistry, etc.
The simulation system, as a safe, reliable, flexible and convenient tool of robot design and research, could provide reference for the design of the robot body structure program; it is conductive for researchers to understand the shape and limit position and orientation of the robot work space; it could be used to analyze the correctness and rationality of test track and task planning; it could provide a highly effective means of verification for the offline programming technology; it could be used to conduct real-time detection of the collision and interference between robot and environment to ensure the safety of the production unit; it can also help users choose robotic product appropriate for specific job types.

Fig. 1 shows the interconnection of flexible drive-train structure, through which aerodynamic torque drives the generator.
A typical drive-train is composed of low speed shaft, gear box and high speed shaft Fig.1 Structure of drive train where Tshaft is torsional torque at the generator end of low-speed shaft, Jr is rotational rotor inertia, Ks is drive-train torsional spring stiffness coefficient, Ds is drive-train torsional damping coefficient, Jg is rotational generator inertia, Tg is generator torque.
The drive-train shaft can be equivalent to a parallel structure of a linear torsion spring and the torsional damper, having the following equation: (4) The output power of generator is decided by generator torque , speed and efficiency: (5) Here, η is transform efficiency.
There exists various physical constraints of structure and mechanical loading.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, v 37, n 10, p. 4003-4016, Oct 1998

Good material-cell interface, surface chemistry and surface microstructure promoting cell adhesion and growth.
The plasticity can plastic for arbitrary three-dimensional structure and still retain the shape after implantation in vivo.
Especially the gel network system in water and their different status, material composition, surface energy, surface charge state, topology structure and the surface of the biological specificity of recognition etc. factors are independent of each other, and interact with each other, which constituting its complexity.
The characteristics of the surface structure modification.
Cells in the micro channel characteristics with surface culture often along the microchannel longitudinal growth, cytoskeletal structure organization with the long axis aligned.In the determination of cell orientation micro groove depth is more important than the width, depth, cells increased; width increases, cell orientation to reduce.Basement membrane surface with nanometer pore, ridge and fiber filaments, the basement membrane of the surface chemical characteristics, mechanical stretching of cell and tissue behavior, function has a great influence on.On the basis of the matrix scaffold surface structural characteristics of modified, in order to cell differentiation and growth.

The product was extracted by toluene (72% yield) and the structure was characterized by IR and 1H NMR.
In comparison with the traditional ionic liquids synthesized by metathesis, ion exchange or neutralization, the preparation process of deep eutectic ionic liquids showed advantages of simple operation, 100% atomic efficiency and low cost, which have been a good answer to the requirement for green chemistry.
The hydrogen bond grid structure increased the distance between anion and cation, weakened the electrostatic attraction force, thus formed room temperature ionic liquid. 3619.19 3583.17 3111.73 3031.30 2963.05 2933.57 2876.11 2831.71 2692.02 2605.82 2345.49 1824.33 1634.43 1526.81 1486.13 1428.62 1381.80 1348.00 1324.05 1254.42 1152.36 1092.76 1062.44 1030.54 929.62 905.21 882.45 822.70 747.78 665.56 619.97 587.38 531.40 448.45 444.01 441.26 436.50 429.41 424.85 421.46 413.39 409.48 405.24 403.06 401.56 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Wavenumber cm-1 0 20 40 60 80 100 Transmittance [%] Fig. 2 IR of Bu4'Cl-IM Fig. 3 UV of Bu4'Cl-IM UV spectra (Fig. 3) showed that due to NH of imidazole can form the grid structure with Cl- of Tetrabutylammonium chloride, the maximum UV sorption wavelength of imidazole red shift.
Table 4 Sonogashira reaction in deep eutectic ionic liquids Ar1 I + Ar2 Ar1 ionic liquid CuI,Pd(Ph3P)4 Ar2 1 2 3 Entry Ar1 Ar2 ionic liquids Time and temperature Yield/% 1 p-NO2C6H4 p-n-C3H7C6H4 Bu4NCl-IM 4/60 72 2 p-CN-3-F-C6H4 p-n-C3H7C6H4 Bu4NCl-IM 4/60 68 3 C6H5 p-n-C3H7C6H4 Bu4NCl-IM 4/60 78 4 p-C2H5C6H4 p-n-C3H7C6H4 Bu4NCl-IM 4/60 85 3 Conclusions Five novel deep eutectic ionic liquids were prepared from relatively simple quaternary ammonium salts and imidazole, and their structure were characterized by IR and UV, their important physical and chemical properties have been detected, their application in green synthesis have been explored.

Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon, UK 2 D.C.
Additionally, the atoms need to be displaced (g) to get the best fit which subsequently allows a closed tube structure upon energy minimisation.
Oxygen vacancies in ceria nanotubes combined with its inner and outer surface feature could therefore offer a more functional and effective structure and play an essential role in applications, such as catalytic reactions.
Summary Atomistic simulation represents a useful complementary technique to experiment for the study of oxygen atom migration and for predicting the structure and morphology of nanostructures.
Relationship between the Zirconia-Promoted Reduction in the Rh-Loaded Ce0.5Zr0.5O2Mixed Oxide and the Zr-O Local Structure.

In recent, steric entrapment route using simple-structured polymers has been developed to make easier and high productive soft solution processing.
A simple-structured and inexpensive polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), can be used as a polymeric carrier in soft solution process for ceramic powder synthesis [4-8].
So, the PVA polymer solution method can make homogeneous distribution of the metal ions in its polymeric network structure.
The porous structure was formed by the development of foams during the stirring and drying process.
Wenk: Better Ceramics Through Chemistry I (Elservier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York 1984)

The magnetic TiO2 photocatalyst has core-shell structure that magnetic matrix is the kernel, and the part of the photocatalysis is the external shell.
As exhibited in Fig.1(b), main (101) diffraction is at 2θ=25.28 and the crystal face (004) is at 2θ=37.76, so the nanocrystalline structure of TiO2 is nearly unchanged in the γ-Fe2O3/SiO2/GSs/TiO2 composites, comparable to that of pure TiO2, which has a highly active.
The structure of the sample was neat and the particle size was uniform after the SiO2 cladding.
Surface and Electronic Structure of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts [J].Physical Chemistry, 2000, 104(42):9851-9858

The phase structures of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (X'Pert PRO, PANalytical B.V. ).
It can be seen that pure CoFe2O4 ceramic has single-phase cubic spinel structure, pure Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 ceramic has single-phase Tetragonal perovskite structure,andother composites with x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 are respectively composed of tetragonal perovskite Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 phase and cubic spinel CoFe2O4 phase ,without any intermediate phase or impurity phase .The intensity of BST peaks decreases with the decrease of BST concentration in the composites.
This could be attributed to the percolation and imperfect polarization in the core-shell structure [11].
Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol.115 (2009), p.400 [2] Giap V.Duong, R.SatoTurtelli and R.Groessinger: J.

Complex adaptive systems have been studied by researchers from every discipline: biology, chemistry, economics and more.
Dmitry Ivanov introduced a new conceptual framework for multi-structural planning and operations of adaptive supply chains with structure dynamics considerations, and elaborated a vision of adaptive supply chain management [7].
Thus a CAS undergoes a process whereby new emergent structures, patterns, and properties arise without being externally imposed on the system.
[6] Guichun Li, Congdong Li and Longzhu Li: Dynamic Analysis of Supply Chain Network Structures Based on CAS, Industrial Engineering Journal, Vol. 8, No. 3 (2005), p. 23-26.
[7] Dmitry Ivanov, Boris Sokolov and Joachim Kaeschel: A Multi-structural Framework for Adaptive Supply Chain Planning and Operations Control with Structure Dynamics Considerations, European Journal of Operational Research, No.200 (2010) , p. 409–420.

Introduction Mycotoxin as the secondary metabolites produced by fungus, to date there are above 300 kinds of different chemical structures.
Aflatoxins (AFT).Aflatoxins is a group of derivatives that have a close structures, all of them are the derivatives of two-furan-coumarin.
The short-term test structure indicated that OA will poison all the sigle-stomach animals’ kidney, and the kidney’s manifestations is withered or swelling, turn to gray, uneven cortex surface etc..
The High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry.The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography (GC), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MC) have the characteristics of high detection speed, accurate, high sensitivity and good reproducibility which can be used to separate and detect multiple mycotoxins that have the similar structure.
Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2009, 37(5) 764-771