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From the Valerio Cozzani’s and Khan’s research and analysis of past accident evidences, domino effects can be triggered by main types of primary events (accidents): fire (jet fire, pool fire, flash fire), VCE, BLEVE, Fireball, Mechanical explosion.
Domino effect is subject to different factors, the most important factors include: types of the failure equipment, hazardous substances and types of storage, the effected equipment and its properties, the distance from the accident point, the accident conditions (such as the ignition source), wind direction and the safety measures.
meant the distance from the failure equipment (primary event) to the adjacent equipment (affected event caused by domino effect) (1≤, ≤N).

Al-Asady Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 1sabah@vlsi.eng.ukm.my, 2shahrum@eng.ukm.my Keywords: Cyclic loading, Experiment, Fatigue crack growth, Simulation.
Paris et al. [1] has pointed out that the stress intensity factor (SIF) range is the dominant parameter to affect the FCG.
Results (Fatigue Crack Growth, Number of Cycles, Stress Intensity factor) FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE AND LIFE PREDICTION IS THE PREDICTED LIFE ACCEPTED?
At low stress-intensity factor levels, as the plastic-zone size becomes large compared to thickness, the plane-strain conditions should prevail [12].
Erdogan: Journal of Basic Engineering; Transaction, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series D Vol. 85 (1963), p. 528 [2] F.D.

The alloy's crystalline structure can be adjusted through composition, processing parameters, and heat treatment, affecting atom distribution [13].
The process will involve precisely manipulating the elemental composition and microstructure of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy, ensuring the desired MSM properties are attained.
In contrast, the active part incorporates the unique properties of the Ni-Mn-Ga exhibiting MSM characteristics, enabling precise and efficient actuation within the microfluidic system.
Notably, MSM materials possess active properties, allowing them to alter their shape – elongate, contract, or bend – by a significant percentage when subjected to an applied magnetic field
Philosophical Magazine B: Physics of Condensed Matter; Statistical Mechanics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Properties, (1984), 49(3), 295– 310

Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated through compressive strength and water absorption capacity test.
Aluminosilicate framework on a zeolite-clay composite can be modified with white cement to improve mechanical properties and resistance in an aqueous medium.
Kunarti, Rochmadi, Effect of zeolite addition on the properties of bioplastic composites of carboxymethyl cellulose-urea, Mater.
Siqueira, Compressive strength and electrical properties of concrete with white portland cement and blast-furnace slag, Cem.
Pişkin, Characterization of fly ash and its effects on the compressive strength properties of Portland cement, Indian J.

Both factors are connected by the thermal conductivity (k).
Rigal, Improvement of Thermal Properties of Fired Clays by Introduction of Vegetable Matter, Journal of Building Physics. 34 (2) (2010) 124-142
Gomze, Improvement of Insulation Properties of Conventional Bricks Products, Materials Science Forum. 589 (2008) 1-6
Mohajerani, Physico-Mechanical Properties and Leachate Analysis of Clay Fired Brick Incorporated with Cigarette Butts.
Thermal Insulation–Determination of Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties-Calibrated and Guarded Hot Box.

Stability hampers the TC properties of the nanofluids [6, 21].
For flat plate, the geometrical factors, then [41].
These results show that variation of filler addition affects the rate of precipitation as well as properties, which reach agreement well with the results in previous studies by Mehrali et al., (2014) [5].
Han, Nanofluids with enhanced thermal transport properties, 2008
Metselaar, Investigation of thermal conductivity and rheological properties of nanofluids containing graphene nanoplatelets, Nanoscale research letters, 9 (2014) 15

A transport package cushioning property evaluation test system is established to achieve the goal of high-precision, real-time, non-contact, and full-field measurement.
High-speed imaging measurement techniques and digital image processing method are used to make a comprehensive assessment on the cushioning properties of air-cushion package.
However, as the mechanical model of air cushion deformation is complex, it’s difficult to use theoretical methods to analyze it.
For instance, acceleration sensor is not easy to be fixed or the weight of accelerometer affects test results.
In view of this, this paper uses high-speed imaging measurement techniques and digital image processing method to study the shock response of toner and the deformation behaviors of air-cushion package, and then makes a comprehensive assessment on the cushioning properties of air-cushion package to achieve the goal of high-precision, real-time, non-contact, and full-field measurement, thus providing an important basis for improving cushioning packaging design.

Several factors affect the performance of a catalyst.
By modeling a converter with proper dimensions and its related properties, it is possible to see the situation that happens during the complicated chemical processes.
Simulation of Catalytic Converter Performance The nature of the exhaust gas flow is a very important factor in determining the performance of the catalytic converter.
Pontikakis: Modeling, Reaction Schemes and Kinetic Parameter Estimation in Automotive Catalytic Converters and Diesel Particulate Filters, Published Thesis, University of Thessaly, Greece: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (2003)
Nurhafez: International J. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), Vol. 2 (2007), No. 1, p. 1 [5] R.E.

Similarly, the surface preparation procedures impact the magneto-mechanical properties of these materials.
The influence of the constraints on the MFIS depends on the mechanical properties of the MSMAs.
Here, two samples with two different types of mechanical properties were tested.
It was shown in [24], however, that the magneto-mechanical properties of this sample are comparable to those of similar samples without cracks.
Chmielus: Composition, Structure and Magneto-Mechanical Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape-Memory Alloys (Logos Verlag Berlin, Germany 2010)

Recently, the development of new membrane is one of the main factors for improvements in membrane technology field.
Blended polymers offers better prospect for the development of materials with valuable combination of properties [7].
Thus, blending hydrophilic has been widely studied since it is simple, relatively low cost, and effective in improving membrane permeability, antifouling property, higher chemical and mechanical strength [10].
The blended polymer would be able to produce the new types of membranes with wide diversity of properties as compared to pure polymer.
Preparation, morphologies and properties for flat sheet PPESK ultrafiltration membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 270, 146-153