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A significant number of high-performance engineering structures are repeatedly subjected to both thermal and mechanical loads, often in a combined fashion.
Because a huge number of high-performance engineering structures are exposed to combine thermal and mechanical loads, coupled thermo-mechanical assessments are extremely important.
The effect of load ratio on fracture propagation. [18] The propagation of a fatigue crack measuring 5 mm in length as a function of the number of cycles for load ratios of 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.7 under a maximum stress of 118MPa demonstrates that the crack spreads more slowly under similar circumstances.
The number of cycles and the load ratio are directly related to one another in a meaningful way.
Because an increase in grain size is what causes a fall in particle density, the fatigue life also reduces when temperatures rise.

Various cooling rates and numbers of deformation steps were tested with regard to final microstructure and properties.
Table 2 Parameters of thermo-mechanical treatment CMnSi CMnSiCr CMnSiNb TA/tA [°C/s] 900/100 Number of deformation steps [-] 20 40 20 20 Cooling rate during def.
Slower cooling rate of 10°C/s was not suitable for the processing of this steel, as it created larger fractions of very fine pearlite in the final microstructure and many very fine carbides at grain boundaries (Fig. 6).

The article lays out the findings aimed to develop the fine silver powder production technique for electronics industry by selecting the variable parameters whereby a number of powder grades can be produced in the existing production environment (JSC “Uralelektromed”, Russia).
Further increase in pH level results in a slight growth of grain size.
The tests resulted in a number of silver powder lots with 600-1500 g in weight.

The grain size was about 10 micons.
The colony count numbers were not reduced by the stainless steel surface compared to the number of colonies observed from the bacterial solution.
The original grain structure is magnified in (a1) and (b1) and (b2).
The SS316L grain size is about 10 microns and the SS304 has an average grain size of about 35 microns.
The original grain size is no longer visible in 13(c) and 13(d).

Uniform design of U*6 (64) Test number Column number 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 6 2 2 4 6 5 3 3 6 2 4 4 4 1 5 3 5 5 3 1 2 6 6 5 4 1 Table 3.
Use of U*6 (64) Factor number Column number D 2 1 3 0.1875 3 1 2 3 0.2656 4 1 2 3 4 0.299 Table 4.
Mortar mix proportion Number Cement /g Steel slag Slag /g Water /g Content /g Fineness /m2/kg U1 225 45 450 180 225 U2 225 67.5 600 157.5 225 U3 225 90 400 135 225 U4 225 112.5 550 112.5 225 U5 225 135 350 90 225 U6 225 157.5 500 67.5 225 3.2.
Test results of steel slag slag composite admixture mortar Sample number Fluidity /mm Flexural strength /MPa Compressive strength /MPa 7d 28d 90d 7d 28d 90d U1 215.5 5.93 7.35 10.31 26.4 43.3 62.7 U2 219.2 5.53 7.83 10.10 25.7 42.7 59.4 U3 212.0 5.18 7.62 10.31 24.0 39.0 54.9 U4 218.0 4.95 7.25 9.68 23.8 39.4 52.6 U5 200.0 4.73 7.10 9.40 20.8 34.3 48.4 U6 211.5 4.63 6.77 9.05 20.4 33.6 46.4 Table 6.
Moreover, the formation temperature of steel slag is high and the heat preservation time is long, which makes C2S, C3S, f-CaO and other minerals in the steel slag crystallize well, the grains are large and the hydration speed is slow.

To ensure that the flow velocity and force field in the water model and actual mold are similar, it is necessary to ensure the Reynolds quasi-number and Froude number are equivalent [3], that is: (1) (2) Where, the subscript m and p denote model and prototype system respectively; V is flow velocity; d is the submerged nozzle inner diameter; v is kinematic viscosity.
When Reynolds number is greater than the second critical value, the turbulence and velocity is almost not affected by Reynolds number, then the flow state is similar in the model and prototype system, the critical value of second mould area is 1 × 104 ~ 1 × 105.
The Reynolds number calculated in prototype system is 9.61×105, then the model system is similar with the prototype system when the Froude number is identical.
Fig.1 Surface velocity in mold under different conditions By sampling analysis, the solidification front grain rotation angle corresponding to the mold electromagnetic stirring coil center can be acquired; according the relation of the surface velocity and the liquid steel flow rate in the solidification front of the coil center level, then the surface flow velocity in meniscus is determined as 0.096m/s.
Interface turbulence coefficient and slag entrapment frequency under different nozzle immersion depth Nozzle immersion depth [mm] 80 90 100 Interface turbulence coefficient 0.408 0.84 0.734 Slag entrapment number in 30s 0 0 0 The results show that the interface turbulence increases first, and then decreases with the nozzle insertion depth increasing.

But Present's research tool, using the existing laminar flow formula, is unable to calculate the diameter of fog grain [3].
Neural Networks (NN) was a network which is made up by a large number of processing and a wide range of interconnection units.
In this BP neural network, the number of neurons in the input layer was 4, and the number of the output layer was 1.
Hidden layer neuron number was 7.
The number of hidden layer was 1, and transfer function was the tangent-type functions.

We applied a year old sample of cast cement screed with a strength of 25 MPa with a maximum aggregate grain of 8 mm.
There are, however, a number of objections that should be considered when using sealants for concrete.
Sample Number 3 is from the same manufacturer as Sample 2, but falls into the higher row and was applied in one layer according to the manufacturer's instructions.
The grinding wheel rotates and the test body is grounded at a given number of cycles under a load of 294 N. [4] Testing equipment.
It is clear that the reference sample has hit the worst here, and that the product of the higher row number 3 has achieved better results than the other two.

However, due to the special nature of the wheat seed grain geometry, now the mechanization for the wheat precision seeding techniques is still in research stage.
According to the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design method, the test points were composed of 3 type of combination [9, 10], it was (1) And mc was the test number of factor point, mr was the test number of star point, and m0 was the test number of zero level center point.
The number of factors was 3, so all the test number was 23.
(2) (3) Define the leakage number n0, the qualified number n1, the reseed number n2 and the interval number N were: (4) (5) (6) (7) The following were the formulas to calculate the reseed rate D, leakage rate M and qualified rate A

In Eq.1: Rw-empirical constants; m-constant; vw-workpiece speed; vs-wheel speed; L-the distance in the wheel circumference assuming uniform distribution of grains;de-diameter of grinding wheel; ly- longitudinal feed; bs- wheel width ∞+ R bdv LLv m R R ses w 8.0 2 1 y 2 1 0 )( a ） ＝（ (1) Y.Z.Jiu[3] also pointed out an identification formula of grinding surface roughness Ry (maximum height of profile)under an ideal situation.
The node output in each layer of this fuzzy neural network is denoted with f, whose superscript is the number of layers subscript denotes the number of input.
The previous output is equal to the lower layer input, that is ui(k) =fi(k-1) , k-the number of layer.
In Eq.14: Rd-expected output; Ro -actual output; k- sample number of test data
is i; Ri,2- prediction value of surface roughness by measuring whose number is i.