Search results

Nanoparticles and Single Crystals as the Basis of Modern Advanced Materials As a result of the high-speed thermo-deformation cycle of laser and hybrid laser-arc welding on metal welds and the heat-affected zone of low-carbon steels, a uniform dispersed structure of fine-grained lower bainite and martensite is formed with uniform distribution of carbide-type nano-phases [4, 5].
(1) Here X, Y are the coordinates of the pixel, Xn, Yn, An and σn2 are the coordinates, amplitude and dispersion of the spot with the number n.
(3) Here, MX and MY are the number of pixels of the image on the abscissa and ordinates.
Gakh, et al., On Nature of Grains of Random Orientation in Welds of Single Crystal High-Temperature Nickel Alloys, Metallofiz.

The volume fraction of inclusions of the steels measured for a large number of heats (50) is found to be between 0.031-0.069 percent.
The fractured surfaces of a large number of broken samples were examined by SEM which exhibited primarily quasi-cleavage features mixed with microvoids and intergranular facets; these features are typical signatures as observed on fractured specimens of tempered martensitic structures.
Banerjee, Intergranular Failure in Steel: The Role of Grain-Boundary Composition, Int.
Kim, The effect of grain size on fracture behaviour of tempered martensite embrittlement for AISI 4340 steel, Mater.

Chromium plating at the optimum mode allows achieving the required adhesion strength of the coating with the base of the part, a low amount of wear by minimizing the number and size of cracks in the applied coatings [7-11].
The adhesion of a chromium coating obtained from a low-concentration electrolyte with gloss-forming agents is not inferior to that of universal solutions (Figure 4), which is due to the production of less coarse-grained and denser structures of chromium sediment.
It should be noted that the endurance limit of specimens chromed in pulsed modes is higher than that in permanently current ones due to the smaller number of developed fatigue cracks.
Bersan, Grain storage and processing 7 (2010) 55-56

A number of factors, such as properly designed construction and its flawless implementation, as well as the proper design of the concrete mixture composition itself, ensure the hydro-insulation property of a functional white box. [1] Properties such as low water absorption, high resistance to groundwater penetration under pressure and low volume changes are extremely important for these types of concrete.
It is also required that more than 70 per cent of grains pass through the 0.063 mm sieve, due to a high rate of very fine particles compacting the entire structure of cement stone presented in the cement grout. [6] This fact is the motivation of the construction of white box concrete showing minimal volume changes while achieving a high useful effect.
The designation is based on the initial letter of the given additive (S = Slag, L = Limestone) and the number for limestone represents its commercial label regarding the fineness grinding level.
The amount of the aggregate was determined from the equation of absolute volumes and the maximum grain of the aggregate was 22 mm.

A large number of loose corrosion products and local corrosion pits existed in tubing inner surface.
The grain size and the total amount of inclusions met the technical requirements.
Table 5 Metallographic analysis results of the failure tubing Number Type of non-metallic inclusion Microstructure Grain degree A B C D thin thick thin thick thin thick thin thick 1# 0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 0 Tempered sorbite+Bainite (Fig. 6) 11.0 2# 0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 0 Tempered sorbite+Bainite Diameter of D type inclusion (globular oxide inclusion)is 91μm,as shown in Fig. 7 11.0 Technical requirement Total amount≤4.0 Fine and uniform tempered sorbite and no thick inclusions. ≥8.0 Fig. 6 Micro-structure of the tubing Fig. 7 Oversized D type inclusion Fig. 8 Corrosion products and pits of the tubing Fig. 9 Micro-structure near the corrosion pits SEM and EDS Analysis of the Corrosion Products.

Material Description Cement N Ordinary Portland cement Density: 3.16g/cm3 H High-early-strength Portland cement Density: 3.14g/cm3 Fine Aggregate S River sand from Kanagawa Density: 2.69 g/cm3 Water absorptivity: 1.49% Binder BB Blast-furnace slag fines type B (4000 grain) Density: 2.92 g/cm3 Superplasticizers (Ad) PCa High-range water-reducing agent RMC High-range water-reducing agent, AE type Figure 1.
By applying thermal stimulation at the construction site, it will be possible to construct high-performance concrete with a low water–cement ratio even at construction sites with a small number of workers.
Both high-early-strength Portland cement (H) and blast-furnace slag cement type B (BB) were used to simulate ordinary Portland cement with 45% replacement by blast-furnace slag fines (4000 grain).
Acknowledgment This research was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI Grant Number JP20J23758, 2020-2022.

Table 1 Parameters of friction test sample Sample Numbers Mixing temperatureT(℃{TTP}8451 ) Material forms a1 600 semi-solid state a2 620 a3 640 liquid state a4 660 a5 680 a6 700 The order of mass loss was: △{TTP}9651 Ma2>△{TTP}9651 Ma3>△{TTP}9651 Ma4>△{TTP}9651 Ma5>△{TTP}9651 Ma1>△{TTP}9651 Ma6 as shown in Fig. 6.
Fig.6 The wear of different mixing temperature Fig.7 The wear of different SiCp volume fraction (5) SiCp particles size The numbers of C1, {TTP}12289 C2, {TTP}12289 C3 samples were corresponded to the composite materials with SiCp particle size of 7μm, 10μm and 35μm.
The grain boundaries were smooth.
When force was acted on creeper tread, the dislocation movement of matrix would be hindered and the grain slip would be blocked by SiCp particles.

This complex phenomenon possesses a great number of challenges for theoretical analysis.
In the equiaxed zone the crystal grains are freely moving in the melt.
At the macroscopic scale, liquid flow in the columnar mushy zone can be modelled by treating this region as a porous medium [1], while in the equiaxed mushy zone some models of grain suspension are applied.
However, a rather limited number of attempts were undertaken to measure this property and to associate it to the current morphology of the columnar mushy zone, i.e. to spacings of the primary and the secondary dendrite arms.

On the other hand, when the quenched specimen underwent subsequently the temper treatment shown in Table 2, sulfide would be formed or S would segregate in the grain boundary, because the solubility limit of S was estimated to be null at 873K [11,12].
But a small number of a Cr sulfide phase was also observed as submicron particles in the S-doped steel tempered at 873K for 18ks.
∑=i xMw ii ox , (2) where Mi (kg/mol) is the molecular mass of each oxide and xi (mol) is the number of each oxide moles, and both Mi and xi were estimated by using the experimental data obtained from EDS analysis and the cross-section observations.
It was also found that the steam oxidation resistance was improved when S made a sulfide or segregated in the grain boundaries, but never improved when S existed in a solid solution.

In both approaches: surface modification and the synthesis of a new material, ion beam bombardement strongly influence on the substrate near-surface layer or resultant material structure and characteristics causing: increase in film to substrate adhesion, increase in nucleation density resulting in growing film grain size refinement (or susceptibility to amorphysation), change in grain orientation, film densification, reduce of internal stresses and lower deposition temperatures (of the substrates [.
Sputtering coefficients (e.g. ratio of the total number of sputtered atoms and ions to number of sputtering ions) had to be calculated to obtain the final elemental composition of the formed coating from the sputtered material used (commonly called as the “target”).