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Due to the oriented grains of the cast carrots, only a few peaks were appeared in the bulk samples.
Table 1 shows the average size, number density and weight percent of the γ΄ precipitates under different cooling rates.
At higher cooling rates such as 15 ºC/min or air cooling, due to higher undercooling, an explosive nucleation has been occurred which has led to the higher number density as well as smaller precipitates.
According to Table 1, it is also observed that as the cooling rate is decreased, the size and weight percent of the γ΄ precipitates has increased as well as their number density has decreased.
The average size, number density and weight percent of the γ΄ precipitates under different cooling rates.

Such hypothesis is presented in Palmgren-Miner’s [1] model: , (1) where: D-damage degree, where a linear relationship is proposed, ni - number of loading cycles at a given stress level, Nfi - number of cycles to failure at a given stress level.
The model can be expanded to a chosen number of load block’s with the right modifications, e.g. for a three stage block loading program we obtain: . (5) · Chaboche and Lemaitre [5] model.
The authors have presented an exponential function in their past papers which distinguishes the load sequence [6, 7]: , (8) where: N – the current number of cycles to destruction at the instant t, Nf - is total number of cycles until failure.
Taking this into account by substituting equation (10) into equation (11a) and rewriting them in an integral form we obtain , (12) While solving the equation to obtain the constant λ we get: , (13) for - total number of cycles to failure we get: , (14) , . (15) The dependence between (16) and number of cycles N is shown in Fig.1 for φ=1 and λ=ln(2).
Eto, Effect of stress history on cumulative fatigue damage of fine-grained isotropic GCR graphite, Elsevier Science Ltd., Carbon Vol. 34, No. 8, 1996, pp. 967-974

Microstructure of the joint illustrated in Fig. 3 is similar to that shown in Fig. 1 except for Mo substrate grains are coarsened in Fig. 3.
Acknowledgements Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this research by the Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology under grant number XV01E02P005PE.
Authors also acknowledge partial financial support of this research from the National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan, Republic of China, under grant number NSC 99-2221-E-002-120- MY3.

Their number density is low.
The resulting ribbons of Al87Ni6La7 were fully amorphous whereas the ribbons of Al87Ni5La7Zr contained a low number of primary crystals.
Valiev, Proceedings of Ultrafine Grained Materials III, TMS 2004 Annual Meeting, Ed.: Y.T.

The coarse aggregate was crushed basalt with the maximum grain size of 20 mm.
So the characteristic peak of C-O functional group in wave number range of 1375-1520 cm-1 could be used to determine the carbonation profiles of concrete samples [13].
The profile of CaCO3 was determined from the position of C-O peaks corresponding to the baseline at wave-number 1400-1510 cm-1.

But, the opportunity of the droplets getting together is very much , and form these ,wo can see that the impact can homogenize droplets and make the particle size distribution narrow which means that in the process of the impact tiny drops of grain tends to get together.
The atomization of running into a wall Defining the Webber Standards Number about the atomization of running into a wall as follows
And then it forms stick wall liquid membrane, big droplets’ number reduces in the atomization area of tower.

Each defect has its corresponding defect level, and the defect type determines the position and number of emission peak, but concentration determines the peak intensity.
Table 2 Attribution of the peaks number λ(nm)/E(eV) attribution 1 484/2.56 Zni→VZn transition 2 505/2.45 Oi→Zni transition 3 528/2.35 Ec→OZn transition 4 548/2.26 Ec→Oi transition 5 570/2.18 composition of the defect levels of the grain boundaries 6 603/2.05 Vo→Ev transition 7 630/1.97 transition superposition Fig.5 Photoluminescence spectrum of MgxZn1-xO measured at room temperature (a) ultraviolet region (b) visible region Summary We fabricated MgxZn1-xO films by electrodeposition on ITO-coated glass substrates.

There is a number of mid-low grade phosphorite waiting for development and utilization.
The one is the collophane encase fines, fine grain impurity inclusions; another is collophane and gangue always with metasomatism and they are always connect; and the third is that some collophinite is finely disseminated by iron and carbon clay.
≤0.074mm 75-78% 24.44 3.71 17.82 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 26.08 4.15 10.01 84.79 Roughing 15.30 1.30 61.31 15.21 90.48 94.69 47.67 Tailings 9.52 5.31 52.33 Reverse flotation roughing 28.975 2.572 11.085 169.56 201.02 117.54 105.47 27.01 3.523 11.121 108.54 119.95 103.07 67.74 Reverse flotation scavenging 31.87 1.00 12.15 84.77 9.68 12.52 7.45 23.77 110.54 22.85 57.80 9.41 80.22 9.94 Reverse flotation tailings 32.47 0.88 11.02 61.02 81.07 14.47 37.73 Concentrate Figure 1 Number

Trial process parameters and levels factor 1 2 3 Laser power(w) 1400 1600 1800 scanning speed(mm/s) 4 5 6 Test of the Microhardness In the micro hardness tester measure the hardness value along deep direction of the radial, In the experiment,The microhardness of the laser cladding coating was measured using HVS-1000 type micro-sclerometer.The load exerted is 500g, time is 10s. the formula of calculation is: HV=1854.4P/d² HV—Vikers Microhardness Number,kgf/mm²（1kgf/cm²=0.0980665MPa）; P—loading force,gf (1gf=9.806 65mN);d—the indentation diagonal length,μm In order to ensure the stability of the results,first measure the micro- hardness value of TC11 titanium alloy ,measure 10 points in different positions of the matrice,excluding maximum and minimum,find the average value of the remaining hardness.the processing results of the experimental data obtained are shown in Table 4.
The microstructure of the cladding tends to grain refinement with its inhomogeneity improved with increasing scanning speed. meanwhile, average microhardness increases,When scanning speed is low, the laser input energy is higher, lead to coating microstructure is bulky, the microhardness decreased.
Fig. 2 Micro-hardness of the coating at various scanning speeds Conclusion (1) The coatings of laser cladding were constituted by cladding zone (CZ), bonding zone (BZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ).The microhardness of test samples cross section results showed that it presented a good transition from substrate to coating surface.The coatings of laser cladding with high hardness is due to the in situ reaction caused by a large number of reinforced phase.The hardness was increased greatly which after Laser hardening.

(A) and (B) are Cyclic voltammograms and Nyquist plots –respectively- of the reduction of 1mM [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- showing the improvement of charge and mass blocking with the number of cycles, and potential holding for CH3(CH2)7SH.
The existence of such holes was confirmed from the atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase images, which show stable holes with average radius of ten nanometres, regularly distributed on gold grains in the case of dodecanethiol(C12).
Thus, the carbon atoms number (n) which controls the layer thickness is a key factor for the stability of holes.