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The purpose of this work is to determine the energy of formation and migration of bivacancy by the molecular dynamics method for a number of fcc metals.
An ideal surface is a close-packed plane of the crystal, containing, depending on the crystallographic orientation of the surface, a certain number of monatomic steps and very small (if the surface is flat then only one) number of kinks at these steps (Fig.1).
The dynamic method consists of finding the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient D(T) at introduction into the computational block a certain number of defects of the considered type (in this case, hydrogen atoms) during a sufficiently long molecular-dynamic experiment.
In this case, the potential energy of the i-th atom is found using expression (4) Here А, p, q, ξ, r0 – parameters of the potential; rij is the distance between the i-th and the j-th atoms; N is the number of atoms in the calculation block.
Kaygorodova, The causes of formation of the triple junctions of grain boundaries containing excess free volume in fcc metals at crystallization, Solid State Phenomena. 249 (2016) 3-8

Bring 10 grains as one part,7 of the part is treated,3 groups parallel, it has 21 parts in total.Biological activity water stoste which are diluted 10 times,50 times,200 times,400 times,800 times are used to conduct the 7 processing,CK(compared with distilled water).Selecting and marking number 21 clean culture bottle,they will be put in 150ml 7 processing liquid,and placed in biochemical temperature incubator(25±0.5℃),seeds will be soaking for 20 hours.
Seeds which are ranked uniformly in the petri dish that has 2 layer of filter paper will germinate after seed soaking,filter paper should be kept wet with the corresponding liquid,and temperature is 25 ℃,seeds will germinate in a week,and germination number of seeds will be numbered every day,investigating germination rate(within 7 days),germination potential(initial stage of the sprout).They will be lighten for 12 hours when the length of radicle is 0.5cm,and distilled water should be replenished at any time in this period.
Test method Germination rate,germination potential Germination rate is referring to the percentage which the number of normal germinant seeds in the final phase takes up the percentage of provided seeds.Germination potential is referring to percentage which the number of normal germinant seeds in the initial phase takes up the percentage of provided seeds.
Germination index,measurement of the germination vigor Germination index:GI=Gt/Dt,Gt is the number of germination in different time,Dt is corresponding to days of germination.vital index:VI=S×(Gt/Dt),S is the height of the seedling in fixed time.

Subsequently, the plate was taken out and the number of bacterial colonies was counted.
It can be attributed that the amount of anatase phase in N-doped TiO2 films annealed at 400℃ was still less, amount of anatase phase increase as annealed temperature increase to 500℃, the crystalline size increased as well. the crystal grains get bigger and coarser when annealing at 600℃, which also leads to the decrease of photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2 films.
The number of viable cells decreases with increasing the annealing temperature, which means that the antibacterial activity increases with increasing the annealing temperature.
annealed temperatures (℃) E. coli S. aureus Initial number of cells (cfu/piece) number of viable cells (cfu/piece) Antibacterial rate（％） Initial number of cells (cfu/piece) number of viable cells (cfu/piece) Antibacterial rate（％） 400 114453 4 99.99 108095 45 99.96 500 114453 1 99.99 108095 0 100.00 600 114453 1 99.99 108095 0 100.00 Conclusions The N-doped TiO2 films were successively prepared by cathode vacuum arc deposition with ion beam assisted.

Heavy metals pollution in agricultural soil has serious negative influence on human health due to ingestion of food grain grown in contaminated soils[6,7].
The layout and number of soil sampling points were determined based on land use patterns and plots area.
In soil sampling process, number and position of soil samples were based on land use patterns and plots area.
Dynamic of heavy metals in wheat grains collected from the Liangfeng Irrigated Area, Beijing and a discussion of availability and human health risks.

The chemical formula for mullite is described as being Al4-2xO10-xSi2 +2 xO10-x, where "x" represents the number of oxygen vacancies per unit cell.
In Table 2 are shown the values for net parameter (a), the molar percentage of Al2O3 (m), the number of oxygen vacancies per unit cell (x); the ratio Al2O3: SiO2; the dimensions of the whiskers; and the aspect ratio (AR).
This mullite is rich in alumina which favors the growth of acicular grains. [7] The addition of rare earth oxides produces a glassy phase of low viscosity.
The molar ratio Al2O3: SiO2 for pure or doped mullite is close to 2:1, rich in alumina, which favors the occurrence of acicular grains.

The lithology is mainly composed of purplish red glutenite, fine grained sandstone, siltstone, mudstone mixed in pyroclastic rock; the strike of the strata toward NNE and tendency is about 110°, dip angle is 4°～10°, which exposed about 1500m width (Refer with: Fig. 1). 3.2 Structures Faults are the main structural features in the ore field, with their main strikes are NE and NW trending.
Because of a large number of SiO2 components in ore-bearing thermal fluid separation, the fluid acid becomes weaker, the concentration proportion of Ca and F in fluid also increased.
Afterwards, because of the multi-pulse stage in metallizing period of ore-controlling structure and residual ore-bearing thermal fluid’s pH, Eh change repeatedly, then the SiO2 and CaF2 in ore-bearing thermal fluid crystallize alternatively, and form fluorite or containing quartz the disseminated-veinlet structure ore, which cut, corrode and replace the light color, fine-grain, allotriomorphic main ore body been formed.
In the late ore fluid evolution, because of a large number of SiO2 and CaF2 components separation, ore-forming components in ore-bearing thermal fluid greatly decreased; under these conditions of riching in CO2 and O2 near surface, Ca goes into deep residual ore-bearing thermal fluid.

Also in [3], using bottom ash sample from the same power plant showed that the grain size distribution of bottom ash sizes occurred in a range between 0.03 and 2.00mm.
The result of the grain size analysis by [4] indicated that Tanjung Bin coal bottom ash is distributed from fine gravel to fine sand with a higher percentage of coarse sand particles satisfying the requirement for lightweight fine aggregate given by BS 3797:1990 and ASTM C 330-89 at the lower bound.
There are a number of factors that might have contributed to this phenomenon, one of which is the water content.
This the author attributed to a number of factors which are: the aggregate to cement ratio became wide, and the cohensionless nature of bottom ash.

The practice of machine-building plants shows that the main defects of carburized cases include retained austenite, excess globular carbides and carbide network, banding of structure, decarburization, oxidation of grain boundaries.
Hardness numbers were converted to HRC hardness numbers.
Analysis of microstructures showed that quenching from 760-770 °C does not correct overheating of the core, which results in formation of a rather coarse-grained structure.

These technologies for improving structure include treatments of liquid alloys in order to refine the grain and the internal structure of dendrites, and the treatments to change eutectic morphology.
In the same time, the elements used within the technology structural improvement of aluminum alloy base, present a number of problems with recycling.
AlCu 4.20 0.05 0.19 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 95.43 The first composition is a hypoeutectic silumin which for structural improvements requires both grain refinement and eutectic modification.
As the experimental measurements have revealed, mechanical vibration causes the reduction, even elimination of the degree of undercooling due to the increase of germination rate by forming larger clusters and a higher number able to act as nucleation.

Semi- solid forming is a new technology in recent decades that has a number of advantages over conventional casting routes.
Introduction Thixoforming or semi-solid metal processing, is the forming of alloys in the semi-solid state to near net shaped products which is different from conventional casting or conventional forging[1].The process has a number of advantages over conventional casting routes such as lower cycle time, increased die life, reduced porosity, reduced solidification shrinkage, improved mechanical properties, etc [2].
Fig. 3 Micrograph of shrinkage voids in a step-die sample by ram speed = 100mm/sec, F= 10 ton: a) T m =400°C, T reheat =595°C near coarse grains, b) T m =400°C, T reheat =595° near dendritic structure, c) T m =400°C, T reheat =580°C Fig. 4a shows that in the thinner parts of the step die the liquid content raises and also segregation of liquid phase is more clearly.
Fig. 4e shows the deformation of globular grains due to liquid drains and high presure just under gate over the solids.