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Thus, titanium chloride encourages the formation and stabilization of a vast number (S2, S4, S6, S8) of reactive radicals and therefore increases the reactivity of a sulfur component.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy proved that a number of active surface sites increased in silicon dioxide after it had been treated with titanium chloride.
The excessive filler amount also causes the loss of strength and increase in water absorption due to coating of the filler grains with the binder, it gives spongy specimens.

This is due to the toughening and reinforcing effect of tetragonal-to-monoclinic (t-m) transformation of the tetragonal grains which are maintained at room temperature after sintering by the stabilizing effects of Yttria [2].
A number of manufacturers, mainly based in Europe, are proposing implant systems with different design and surface enhancement treatments.
Type, number, length and position of the implants are summarized in Table 1.

At all temperatures, the cracks were generated in ferritic grain at the specimen surface due to cyclic slip deformation.
Fracture surface near the crack initiation site is ductile at ambient 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.5 0.6 0.7 SUS444 Number of cycles to failure N f Fatigue ratio σD� σB Axial loading R= -1 Ambient temperature 673K 773K 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 100 150 200 250 300 350 SUS444 Number of cycles to failure N f Stress amplitude σa (MPa) Axial loading, R=-1 Ambient temperature 773K 673Ktemperature (Fig.3(a)), while rather brittle with river pattern at elevated temperatures (Fig.3(b) and (c)).

Reference [3] build the takeoff model and make the following assumption: 1) Abrasive grain spray homogeneously on the tool; 2) The workpiece material is the ideal brittle material; 3) Hertz breakage lead to material breakage of workpiece and then is taken off. 4) The abrasive make high frequency vibration along with the tool at the same time to carry on the rotary motion.
Grinding Mechanism Analysis The biggest depth that single abrasive grinding at workpiece surface in the ultrasonic grinding can be deduced by the Classics Hertz formula:   1 2 3 22 91 16 2 F vc d E           (1) In the formula F is the biggest contact force between tool and workpiece, which is act on the workpiece through the abrasive (N); c is the abrasive number of the processing region. d is abrasive demension (mm); E is elastic ratio of the workpiece material (Mpa); is Poisson's ratio of the workpiece material.
Suppose abrasive's distribution is uniformity, then the workpiece material volume that these abrasives remove is: 1 2 8rcV dV dr D  (6) C--the abrasive number in the tool in a cycle, and can be counted by the thickness of the spray abrasive.

Comparing with the traditional rolling process of the strips, strips obtained by semi-solid rheocasting-rolling process have uniform microstructure, round and tiny grains, so it has a bright future in the processing of magnesium alloys [1,2].
Turbulent thermal conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the fine slurry compose the effective thermal conductivity ,which is expressed as follows: (2) Where λ- effective thermal conductivity coefficient, Pγ- Prandtl number, Cp- slurry heat capacity, K- turbulent fluctuation kinetic energy; ε- pulsating turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, λm- slurry thermal conductivity under the static state.
In this paper, the large number of latent heat released by the crystallization process are treated by the enthalpy method.

A key issue for the safety and reliability of those SRM missiles and consequently for the effective and economic managements of missiles' inventory is the efficient Structural Health Monitoring of the energetic propellant grain.
This elongation resulted in radius decrease with associated changes in waveguiding conditions for a number of guided modes in the fiber.
Acknowledgements This work was funded by the R&D Project SESAMO (SEnsors for StructurAl Monitoring) of the European Defense Agency, Grant Number A-0931-RT-GC.

Deformation mainly occurres in newly formed ferrite grain.
is clearance time of pass number.
Acknowledgment Funded projects provided by State Key Laboratory (northeastern university), serial number:2009004.

Table 1 Mixture ratio of C30 stone concrete Coarse aggregate maximum grain size/mm Cement redundant coefficient Cement strength /MPa Water cement ratio Slump constant /mm Sand ratio /% Mixture ratio Water Cement Sand Stone 20 1.00 32.5 0.38 35-50 31 0.38 1 1.023 2.275 Table 2 Parameters of excavated space Excavated space No.
The number of C3 is C3-E-1, C3-E-2, C3-E-3, C3-E-4, C3-O-1, C3-O-2 and C3-O-4.
The number of C4 and C6 is the same as C3.

The generation of random aggregate model In order to construct the random aggregate model in numerically, need to use Walraven formula [5] determination of aggregate size and number of particles.
The gradation formula in concrete specimen plane took a point probability with aggregate diameter is D grain size.
With the load increasing, the number of plastic unit in concrete beams is growing, both occurred in the interface adhesive layer between aggregate and mortar, at inferior extremity position in the beam bending.

Oil shale is belongs to sapropelic coal, which is composed with Fine-grained and sedimentary rock containing solid flammable organic, meanwhile, which is the natural mineral formed by the animal remains through corruption and coalification [3,4].
It is probably because that the roughness degree of the sample‘s surface was high, and the area and the number of holes in the surface of oil shale char was bigger than oil shale after the same modification, it is benefit for the H2S’s absorption to modification ash.
The number of surface area and the pore volume are supposed to play an important role.