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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Hui Qiang Wang, Wei Lian Sun, Sun Bo, Yan Qiu Xing
The specific testing process as follows:
(1)The nitrogen flow rate were:9,12,15,18,21,24,27sccm,sputtering temperature130℃, sputtering time 15min;
(2)The sputtering time were: 5,10,15,20,25,30min, nitrogen flow rate 18sccm, sputtering temperature 130℃;
(3)The sputtering temperature were: 50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120,130,140,150,160,170,180, 190,200℃,nitrogen flow rate 18sccm, sputtering time 15min;
2 Test and analysis
2.1 The influence of nitrogen flow rate to the ZrN film corrosion resistance
The nitrogen flow rate of this experiment process were: 9,12,15,18,21,24,27sccm,sputtering temperature 130℃,sputtering time 15min,all the sample number was 1-7.After the experiment, 1-7 sample do the corrosion resistance test which use YWX/Q-250 type salt spray device in accordance with the national standard GB/T10125-1997.
structure and form more pore space, which made corrosion resistance reduce. 2.2 The influence of sputtering time to the ZrN film corrosion resistance The sputtering time of this experiment process were:5,10,15,20,25,30min,sputtering temperature 130℃, nitrogen flow rate 18sccm,all the sample number was 1-6.
Tab.2 The influence of sputtering time to the ZrN film corrosion resistance sample number 1 2 3 4 5 6 sputtering time(min) 5 10 15 20 25 30 film thichkness(nm) 30 45 70 85 110 135 corrosion grade GB/T10125-1997 7 8 9 8 8 7 Fig 2 The relationship between sputtering time, film thin and corrosion 2.3 The influence of sputtering temperature to the ZrN film corrosion resistance The sputtering temperature of this experiment process were:50,60,70,80,90, 100,110,120,130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200℃,sputtering time 15 min,nitrogen flow rate 18sccm,all the sample number was 1-16.After the experiment,1-16 sample do the corrosion resistance test which use YWX/Q-250 type salt spray device in accordance with the national standard GB/T10125-1997,the results as shown in figure 3.
When the sputtering temperature was low,the Zr ions and N ions energy was small,which can not fully diffused.This result in Zr ions and N ions connection probability was low and sputtering a small number of ZrN compounds on the aluminum surface,therefore appear more holes and defects.With the increase of temperature,Zr ions and N ions gained enough energy,more and more ZrN compounds was deposited on the aluminum alloy surface,which increase the corrosion resistance[9,10].When the temperature was more than 150℃,the high temperature will increase the thermal stress,lead to grain become big in the film structure,and reduce the corrosion resistance. 3 Conclusion (1)The ZrN film corrosion resisitance increased with the nitrogen flow rate increase,when the nitrogen flow rate reach 18sccm, the ZrN film corrosion resistance reach the best.With the nitrogen flow rate increase,more and more nitrogen molecule connect with sputtering ion which form an compact and almost without any pore space ZrN
(3)With the increase of sputtering temperature,the ZrN film corrosion resistance was increased gradually.When the temperature reach 130℃,the corrosion resisitance reach the best.When the sputtering temperature was low,the Zr ions and N ions energy was small,Zr ions and N ions connection probability was low and sputtering ZrN compounds number was small,which reduce the film corrosion resistanceWith the temperature increase,more and more ZrN compounds was deposited on the aluminum alloy surface,which increase the corrosion resistance.
structure and form more pore space, which made corrosion resistance reduce. 2.2 The influence of sputtering time to the ZrN film corrosion resistance The sputtering time of this experiment process were:5,10,15,20,25,30min,sputtering temperature 130℃, nitrogen flow rate 18sccm,all the sample number was 1-6.
Tab.2 The influence of sputtering time to the ZrN film corrosion resistance sample number 1 2 3 4 5 6 sputtering time(min) 5 10 15 20 25 30 film thichkness(nm) 30 45 70 85 110 135 corrosion grade GB/T10125-1997 7 8 9 8 8 7 Fig 2 The relationship between sputtering time, film thin and corrosion 2.3 The influence of sputtering temperature to the ZrN film corrosion resistance The sputtering temperature of this experiment process were:50,60,70,80,90, 100,110,120,130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200℃,sputtering time 15 min,nitrogen flow rate 18sccm,all the sample number was 1-16.After the experiment,1-16 sample do the corrosion resistance test which use YWX/Q-250 type salt spray device in accordance with the national standard GB/T10125-1997,the results as shown in figure 3.
When the sputtering temperature was low,the Zr ions and N ions energy was small,which can not fully diffused.This result in Zr ions and N ions connection probability was low and sputtering a small number of ZrN compounds on the aluminum surface,therefore appear more holes and defects.With the increase of temperature,Zr ions and N ions gained enough energy,more and more ZrN compounds was deposited on the aluminum alloy surface,which increase the corrosion resistance[9,10].When the temperature was more than 150℃,the high temperature will increase the thermal stress,lead to grain become big in the film structure,and reduce the corrosion resistance. 3 Conclusion (1)The ZrN film corrosion resisitance increased with the nitrogen flow rate increase,when the nitrogen flow rate reach 18sccm, the ZrN film corrosion resistance reach the best.With the nitrogen flow rate increase,more and more nitrogen molecule connect with sputtering ion which form an compact and almost without any pore space ZrN
(3)With the increase of sputtering temperature,the ZrN film corrosion resistance was increased gradually.When the temperature reach 130℃,the corrosion resisitance reach the best.When the sputtering temperature was low,the Zr ions and N ions energy was small,Zr ions and N ions connection probability was low and sputtering ZrN compounds number was small,which reduce the film corrosion resistanceWith the temperature increase,more and more ZrN compounds was deposited on the aluminum alloy surface,which increase the corrosion resistance.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Jing Zhao, Wen Qin Deng
Properties of raw marerials
The raw materials conclude P·O42.5R Portland cement which is made by dalian xiaoyetian plant, common crushed stone with grain grade from 5mm to 25mm, river sand in dalian and fineness modulus is 2.7 with continuous grading, naphthalene series superplasticizer:DK4, rangle water-reducing rate is from 20% to 25%, city water, the detail characteristics of fibers can be seen from the Table 1.
Table1 Performance index of three fibers Fiber type Number Density (g/cm3) Length (cm) Diameter(μm) Elastic modulus (GPa) polypropylene fiber PP 0.91 12 15 3.5 alkali-resistant glass fiber GR 2.5 12 15 80 basalt fiber BF 2.7 12 15 100 Table2 Concrete mix ratio kg/m3 Cement Water Sand Stone Naphthalene series superplasticizer Water cement ratio Sand ratio 340 156 731 1193 10.2 0.46 38% Influence of fiber on concrete structure and mechanical properties Mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete.
Table3 Chloride ion diffusion coefficient of concrete Concrete sample number GF O BF PP Chloride ion diffusion coefficient(10-8 cm2/s) 2.039 2.426 2.903 3.365 SEM Analysis.
Table1 Performance index of three fibers Fiber type Number Density (g/cm3) Length (cm) Diameter(μm) Elastic modulus (GPa) polypropylene fiber PP 0.91 12 15 3.5 alkali-resistant glass fiber GR 2.5 12 15 80 basalt fiber BF 2.7 12 15 100 Table2 Concrete mix ratio kg/m3 Cement Water Sand Stone Naphthalene series superplasticizer Water cement ratio Sand ratio 340 156 731 1193 10.2 0.46 38% Influence of fiber on concrete structure and mechanical properties Mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete.
Table3 Chloride ion diffusion coefficient of concrete Concrete sample number GF O BF PP Chloride ion diffusion coefficient(10-8 cm2/s) 2.039 2.426 2.903 3.365 SEM Analysis.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Xu Ying Zheng, Yi Fei Min, Zhen Yang Ge, Wang Wang Wu
In order to improve the grain production and ensure food security, it is necessary to focus on the study of upland rice high-yield cultivation techniques[1].
Data collections include cultivated area, type of land, crop yield, number of machine, labor input, pesticide quantity, fertilizer use, etc. 2.3 Status of upland rice cultivation As Table 1 shows the state of art of the upland rice cultivation in Lancang.
With the second highest yield is group D, large arable land in the plain or flat area is more suitable for the implement of mechanization, although the number of machines are smaller than that of group A which might be caused by the usage of large-sized machine.
Data collections include cultivated area, type of land, crop yield, number of machine, labor input, pesticide quantity, fertilizer use, etc. 2.3 Status of upland rice cultivation As Table 1 shows the state of art of the upland rice cultivation in Lancang.
With the second highest yield is group D, large arable land in the plain or flat area is more suitable for the implement of mechanization, although the number of machines are smaller than that of group A which might be caused by the usage of large-sized machine.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Jie Zhang, Kai Qu, Xu Dong Zhang
. , is the wave encounter frenquecy, , is the wave number. , is the wave frenquecy.
The number of the ship strip is thirty.
Life Prediction of Solid Motor Grain under the Influence of Ship Swing Load Based on the Dissipated Energy Method[D].
The number of the ship strip is thirty.
Life Prediction of Solid Motor Grain under the Influence of Ship Swing Load Based on the Dissipated Energy Method[D].
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Alice Dinu, M. Radulescu, D. Ionescu, Silviu Florea
It is evident that the number
of the SCC microcracks increases with the increasing the hydrogen content.
In the first figure it can see the zirconium grain, until in the second image it can observe the characteristic aspect of transgranular propagation.
The optical microscopy method revealed that the number of the SCC microcracks increases with the increasing of hydrogen content. 2.
In the first figure it can see the zirconium grain, until in the second image it can observe the characteristic aspect of transgranular propagation.
The optical microscopy method revealed that the number of the SCC microcracks increases with the increasing of hydrogen content. 2.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: A.A. Treschev, Aleksandr A. Bobryshev, Alsu Yusupova
Thus, titanium chloride encourages the formation and stabilization of a vast number (S2, S4, S6, S8) of reactive radicals and therefore increases the reactivity of a sulfur component.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy proved that a number of active surface sites increased in silicon dioxide after it had been treated with titanium chloride.
The excessive filler amount also causes the loss of strength and increase in water absorption due to coating of the filler grains with the binder, it gives spongy specimens.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy proved that a number of active surface sites increased in silicon dioxide after it had been treated with titanium chloride.
The excessive filler amount also causes the loss of strength and increase in water absorption due to coating of the filler grains with the binder, it gives spongy specimens.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Corrado Piconi, Sammy Noumbissi
This is due to the toughening and reinforcing effect of tetragonal-to-monoclinic (t-m) transformation of the tetragonal grains which are maintained at room temperature after sintering by the stabilizing effects of Yttria [2].
A number of manufacturers, mainly based in Europe, are proposing implant systems with different design and surface enhancement treatments.
Type, number, length and position of the implants are summarized in Table 1.
A number of manufacturers, mainly based in Europe, are proposing implant systems with different design and surface enhancement treatments.
Type, number, length and position of the implants are summarized in Table 1.
Online since: August 2007
Authors: Masaki Nakajima, Keiro Tokaji, Yoshihiko Uematsu, Masayuki Akita
At all temperatures, the cracks were generated in ferritic grain at the specimen surface due to
cyclic slip deformation.
Fracture surface near the crack initiation site is ductile at ambient 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.5 0.6 0.7 SUS444 Number of cycles to failure N f Fatigue ratio σD� σB Axial loading R= -1 Ambient temperature 673K 773K 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 100 150 200 250 300 350 SUS444 Number of cycles to failure N f Stress amplitude σa (MPa) Axial loading, R=-1 Ambient temperature 773K 673Ktemperature (Fig.3(a)), while rather brittle with river pattern at elevated temperatures (Fig.3(b) and (c)).
Fracture surface near the crack initiation site is ductile at ambient 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.5 0.6 0.7 SUS444 Number of cycles to failure N f Fatigue ratio σD� σB Axial loading R= -1 Ambient temperature 673K 773K 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 100 150 200 250 300 350 SUS444 Number of cycles to failure N f Stress amplitude σa (MPa) Axial loading, R=-1 Ambient temperature 773K 673Ktemperature (Fig.3(a)), while rather brittle with river pattern at elevated temperatures (Fig.3(b) and (c)).
Online since: September 2009
Authors: Quan Fang Gai, Hua Li Su, Jun Liu
Reference [3] build the takeoff model and make the following assumption:
1) Abrasive grain spray homogeneously on the tool;
2) The workpiece material is the ideal brittle material;
3) Hertz breakage lead to material breakage of workpiece and then is taken off.
4) The abrasive make high frequency vibration along with the tool at the same time to carry on
the rotary motion.
Grinding Mechanism Analysis The biggest depth that single abrasive grinding at workpiece surface in the ultrasonic grinding can be deduced by the Classics Hertz formula: 1 2 3 22 91 16 2 F vc d E (1) In the formula F is the biggest contact force between tool and workpiece, which is act on the workpiece through the abrasive (N); c is the abrasive number of the processing region. d is abrasive demension (mm); E is elastic ratio of the workpiece material (Mpa); is Poisson's ratio of the workpiece material.
Suppose abrasive's distribution is uniformity, then the workpiece material volume that these abrasives remove is: 1 2 8rcV dV dr D (6) C--the abrasive number in the tool in a cycle, and can be counted by the thickness of the spray abrasive.
Grinding Mechanism Analysis The biggest depth that single abrasive grinding at workpiece surface in the ultrasonic grinding can be deduced by the Classics Hertz formula: 1 2 3 22 91 16 2 F vc d E (1) In the formula F is the biggest contact force between tool and workpiece, which is act on the workpiece through the abrasive (N); c is the abrasive number of the processing region. d is abrasive demension (mm); E is elastic ratio of the workpiece material (Mpa); is Poisson's ratio of the workpiece material.
Suppose abrasive's distribution is uniformity, then the workpiece material volume that these abrasives remove is: 1 2 8rcV dV dr D (6) C--the abrasive number in the tool in a cycle, and can be counted by the thickness of the spray abrasive.