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Properties Mechanical properties 300M 4340 35NCD16 4330V H11 D6AC 30XGCN2A 18Ni Maraging Density [gm/cm3] 7.83 7.83 - - 7.75 - - 7.83 Hardness [HRC] 52-55 - 50 45 56 - 47-50 48-54 Tensile Properties( Longitudinal) at room temperature 0.2%PS [MPa] 1550 1080 1450 1280 1490 1520 1420 1690-1725 UTS [MPa] 1900-2100 1420 1700-2000 1520 1790 1790 1620 1760 %El [MPa] 8 10 7 10 8 5 11 11-13 %RA 30 15 40 30 30 18 4-5 50 Tensile Properties(Transverse) at room temperature 0.2%PS [MPa] 1550 - 1450 1280 1490 1520 - 1700 UTS [MPa] 1900-2100 - 1700-2000 1520 1790 1790 - 1800 %El 5 - 6 10 5 5 - 5 %RA 20 - 30 30 15 18 - 25 Ratio of YS/UTS 0.74-0.82 0.76 0.73-0.85 0.84 0.83 0.85 0.88 0.96 KIc MPa √m 71 71 56 56 60 80 77 80 HCF(Smooth) 855 690 720 586 830 700 608 680 (Notch) 372 - 370 276 - 280 422 350 LCF(Smooth) 1480 1240 1180 1173 1450 1100 - 1100 Notch) 790 - 520 759 - 420 - 690 KISCCMPa √m 11-19 11-16 21 - 33 - - 33 E (GPa) 193 200 - 200 195 - - 180 Impact at RT(J) 25 - 30 20 25 - 10.12
Composition in wt.% Element/Alloy 300 M 4340 35NCD16 4330V HII D6AC 30X GCN2A 18 Ni Maraging Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Nickel (Ni) Chromium (Cr) Sulphur (S) Phosphorous (S) Silicon (Si) Vanadium (V) Copper (Cu) Molybdenum (Mo) Titanium (Ti) Aluminium (Al) Cobalt (Co) Iron (Fe) 0.41-0.46 0.60-0.90 1.65-2.0 0.70-0.95 0.01 0.01 1.45-1.80 0.05-0.10 0.35 0.30-0.50 - - - Bal. 0.38-0.43 0.65-0.85 1.65-2.0 0.70-0.90 0.04 0.04 0.20-0.35 - - 0.20-0.30 - - - Bal. 0.30-0.44 - 3.5-4.5 1.6-2.0 0.02 0.2 0.25-0.4 0.05-0.10 - 0.30-0.45 - - - Bal. 0.28-0.33 0.75-1.0 1.65-2.0 0.75-1.0 0.01 0.01 0.2-0.35 0.05-0.1 - 0.35-0.5 - - - Bal. 0.38-0.43 0.20-0.40 0.25 4.75-5.25 0.20 0.20 0.80-1.00 0.40-0.60 0.35 1.20-1.40 - - - Bal. 0.45-0.50 0.60-0.90 04-0.7 0.90-1.20 0.01 0.01 0.15-0.30 0.05-0.15 0.35 0.90-1.10 - - - Bal. 0.27-0.33 1.0-1.2 1.4-1.8 0.9-1.2 0.015 0.02 0.90-1.2 - - - - - - Bal. 0.03 0.1 17-19
Table 4 (a): Properties of Maraging Steel MDN 250A Tensile properties evaluated on 215 mm product size Temp (oC) 0.2% PS [MPa] UTS [MPa] El [%] RA [%] Room Temperature 1688-1768 (1655) 1760-1825 (1724 Typical) 11-13 (6.0 min) 54-62 (34 Typical) 200 1527-1596 1574-1647 10-16 54-60 300 1480-1527 1511-1567 10-13 56-59 400 1420-1470 1472-1535 11-18 54-60 Table 4 (b): Properties of Maraging Steel MDN 250A Properties evaluated on 215 mm product size Hardness [HRC] 51-54 (48 min) Impact Strength at RT [Joules] 19-25.8 (8 min) Shear Strength [MPa] 977-1063 Torsional Shear Strength [MPa] 1378-1411 Ratio of Notch Tensile Strength to Ultimate Tensile Strength 1.53-1.58 (1.50 min) Plane Strain Fracture Toughness, KIC [MPa√m] 81.3-92.7 (80 min) Metallography · Macrostructure · Microstructure · Non-metallic Inclusion Satisfactory Prior Austenitic grain size, ASTM No. 5 or finer Satisfactory Retained Austenite Less than 1% Magnetic flow detection Satisfactory Forgeability Satisfactory

[4] Guo Shao gui. et al.
[10]El Midaoui M., Talouizte A., Benbella M., Serieys H., Berville A.
[13]El-Tayeb M.A.
[19] El-Bassiony H.M. and Bakheta M.A.

Table 1 Chemical compositions of experimental steels [�] steel C Si Mn P S Al N Nb A 0.19 0.47 2.29 0.017 0.011 0.045 0.0029 0.021 B 0.16 1.30 1.90 0.0091 0.0058 0.041 � 0.004 0.024 Table 2 Parameters of continuous anneal simulation process soaking slow cooling fast cooling overageing parameters temperature: T1 time: t1 cooling speed: v1 start temperature:T2 end temperature:T3 cooling speed: v2 temperature: T4 time: t2 Mechanical property measurement is done on an Instron tensile test machine with JIS 5# specimen.
The yield strength of steel B is significantly lower than steel A at any cooling speed, and the elongation of steel B is better than steel A. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Steel A Steel B TS, MPa )DVW � FRR� Q�� VSHHG� � � � V 400 500 600 700 YP, MPa 8 12 16 20 El, % Fig 1 Effect of fast cooling speed on the mechanical properties (T1=800��t1=80s, v1=7�/s, T2=650�, T3=300�, t2=300s) Shown in Fig 2 is the effect of fast cooling start temperature (T2) on the mechanical properties.
With the increase in strength, the elongation decreases with the rise of the fast cooling start temperature. 550 600 650 700 750 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Steel A Steel B TS, MPa F RR� � Q�� V W DU W � W HPS� � � 500 600 700 800 900 YP, MPa 8 12 16 20 El, % Fig 2 Effect of fast cooling start temperature on the mechanical properties (T1=800��t1=80s, v1=7�/s, v2=90�/s, T3�300� t2=300s) Shown in Fig 3 is the effect of high speed cooling end temperature (T4) and overageing temperature on the mechanical properties.
The expected better anti temper-softening property of steel B is not observed though it has relatively higher Si content. 250 300 350 400 450 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Steel A Steel B TS, MPa F RR� � Q�� HQG� DQG� 2$� W HPS� � � 450 500 550 600 650 YP, MPa 12 16 20 24 El, % Fig 3 Effect of fast cooling end temperature on the mechanical properties (T1=800��t1=80s, T2=650�, v2=90�/s, t2=300s) Shown in Fig 4 and Fig 5, is the overall comparison of elongation and YP/TS ratio between the steel A and B.

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Briber, E.L.

aahwai_ting@hotmail.com, bKhaled.Abou-El-Hossein@nmmu.ac.za, cchua.han.bing@curtin.edu.my Keywords: Chemical etching, Machinable glass ceramics, design of experiment.
Saito et. al. [9, 10] generated a micro-structure on advanced ceramics by combining chemical etching and micro-indentation method to form the patterning on glass.
Gaiseanu et al. [19] concluded that etching rate decreased with increasing etching duration in BN.
William et al. [16, 20] mentioned that each substrate had to be chemically compatible to their etching solution in order to conduct the etching process.
Cook et al. [21] showed the importance of chemical etchant.

El Kadi and Ellyin [6] as well as Justo et al. [7] showed that a slight variation of the test frequency leads to an identical number of failure cycles, therefore the test results were presented in the following evaluations and in the combined result presentations independently of the test frequency.
El Kadi, F.

El-Sayed, M.A.
El-Sayad: Plasmonics Vol. 2 (2007), p. 107−118
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El-Shafay, K.K.
El-Sergany, M.
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El-Said, M.

Fuh-Kuo Chen et al. [2] discussed the effect of process parameters on the formability of drawing process of magnesium alloy AZ31 in 2003.
Zein et al. [4] studied the influence of die design parameters on the spring back, thickness distribution and thinning of the blank in 2014.
In 2014, Lei Chen et al. [5] studied on spring back phenomenon in rubber forming by using the straight flanging process.
El Sherbiny, M.
El shazly, Thinning and spring back prediction of sheet metal in the deep drawing process, Materials and Design, Vol. 53 (2014) pp. 797-808