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The viscoplastic equation, which is represented by equation 3, describes the properties of the material under various plastic and elastic loading conditions during the forming process [21].
The DEFORM material library was used to choose the temperature range for AISI 4120 alloy steel [70-220 F (20-1200° C)], while the JMatPro - Sente Software was used to test the AISI4120 alloy steel properties, as shown in Fig. 1.
AISI4120 alloy thermal and physical properties The structural analysis was performed using a finite element model consisting of 8234 points, 6444 polygons, and 6674 nodes generating volume with 29320 elements, considering three nodded triangular elements.
The stress, strain, total displacement, total velocity, and final temperature simulation results for the three selected temperatures are presented below together with their properties.
Scharning, “Axisymmetric compression test and hot working properties of alloys,” Mater.

One of the keys to the success of 3D printing lies in the wide range of materials available, offering different physical and mechanical properties to suit various applications.
Comparison of Physical Properties of Materials.
Table 1 shows the comparison of these properties among the selected materials.
Comparison of important properties of the materials for prototype performance.
Factors like time and temperature weren't considered, focusing solely on load-bearing capabilities.

The interaction of anthocyanins with these factors can affect their color and stability [17].
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of the Encapsulated Anthocyanin Fig. 5.
Srikaeo, Pigmented and non-pigmented cereals: Comparative study of properties, in: S.P Bangarm S.
Emran, Photochemistry, functional properties, food applications, and health prospective of black rice, J.
Diaconeasa, Anthocyanins: Factors affecting their stability and degradation, Antioxidants 10(12) (2021) 1967

Other factors which affect the FSW response variables include several critical material properties: e.g.
Weld peak temperature, and time at temperature, play critical roles in the development of the weld structure and properties.
It is of great interest to understand how to manipulate weld control variables to tailor those properties.
Details of the form and derivation of the viscosity formulation have been published previously.[2,3] As a baseline, mechanical and thermal properties for the aluminum alloy 6061 were assigned to the "fluid".
Pertinent temperature dependent properties (thermal conductivity, heat capacity, shown in table 1) of 6061 were also used.

The aim of this study was introducing this new technique in semi-solid making and investigation the effect of casting parameter on slurry properties in Cup-Cast method by mean of micro-structural investigation.
However, both concepts are affected by the rate of heat extraction from the melt.
Based on this fact the slurry properties that would be produced by this method will be influenced by some factors.
According to principles of this modern technology if suitable heat and mass transfer and sufficient nuclei in homogeneity growth media were prepared, semi-solid structure with acceptable properties could be produced.
The most important parameters those would affect the slurry properties was mentioned and discussed.

To predict and analyze accurately the lubrication characteristics and its influencing factors of main bearing for large low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine, based on EHD lubrication model of dynamically loaded bearing, coupling simulation between EHD and MBD for main bearing of marine diesel engine was carried out.
In recent years, coupling simulations between EHD and nonlinear MBD were carried out to dynamically-loaded main bearing of diesel engine, some results were achieved by considering operating conditions, oil properties, surface morphology, elastic deformation of crankshaft journal and bearings et al[1-4].
(1) Where, Φx and Φz are pressure flow factor at x and z direction; Φs is shear flow factor; is mean fill ratio; is mean(expected) pressure; η is oil viscosity; h is nominal clearance height between journal and bearing; is average clearance height; u1 and u2 are circumferential velocity of the journal and bearing surface; σs is the composite height standard deviation, , σ1 and σ2 are standard deviation of clearance height at journal and bearing surface; t is time; x and z are coordinates in circumferential and axial direction.
Through the comparative analysis, considersing full shafting, the lubrication characteristics of the last main bearing, i.e., No.8 main bearing, were affected significantly.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1970, 185:625–634.

However, when the materials are implanted in body, the mechanical properties like fracture toughness can be drastically by body fluid causing particle loosening and microstructural degradation of materials [3,4].
Although the mechanism for the biodegradation of calcium phosphate materials remains unclear, the physical characteristics, chemical composition and crystal structures have been known to affect on the biological behavior of calcium phosphate materials [5,6].
It indicates that a crystallographic factor should be concerned when investigating on the mechanism of dissolution and mechanical degradation of calcium phosphates in liquid environment.
From a mechanical point of view, grain boundary dissolution and dissolution around the pores can lead to a distinct decrease in the long term mechanical stability of bioceramics, therefore a preparation of HA ceramics having stoichiometric composition and high sintering density is of primary importance.

The kinematic and dynamic properties of the sixbar linkage mechanism are optimised regarding boundary conditions coming from the production process and kinematic requirements.
Toggle lever presses are driven by sixbar linkage mechanisms which offer a variety of parameters to affect their drive side behaviour [4].
Here, the main properties are stated only: The used objective function is minimal rotation speed.
It is based on the virtual prototype (Fig. 3) but scaled down by the factor two.
To calibrate the damping factor – the last unknown – the measurement of the reaction forces without mass balancing system is used.

This celestial compass based on polarized sky light is not affected by the electromagnetic interference, and its error is not accumulated over time.
While the polarization imaging sensor is capable of collecting polarization information in the scattering skylight, on this basis, giving the angle of polarization as output, and have properties of highly real time and good robustness.
Actually these influence factors will affect the accuracy.
A polarization state describes the time averaged properties of the orientation of the electric field.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanosystems, 227.3(2013): 120-124

They all have a special microstructure, which makes it own unique mechanical, thermal and electrical properties.
Enhancement of Thermal and Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites by Magnetic Field Processing[J].
Study and Analysis of Factors Affecting on Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from V-type Pyrolysis Flame[J].Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2009, 38(6): 1506-1510(in Chinese)