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These alloys with a two-phase structure consisting of a major � phase (ordered TiAl face-centered-tetragonal with L10 crystal structure) and minor �2 phase (ordered Ti3Al close-packed-hexagonal with DO19 structure) were intensively studied in the last decade.
Much of the recent research on turbocharger rotors made of TiAl alloys has been carried out in the U.S.A. and Japan with the objective to optimize alloy chemistry and develop an adequate precision casting process [5].
A few peaks of retained ordered � (B2) phase, which crystallizes in the CsCl structure, have also been detected.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Superconducting Properties of MgB2 Superconductor Co-added with a High Concentration of Si and C Kwee Yong Tan 1, a, Kar Ban Tan 2, b, Kean Pah Lim 3, c, Abdul Halim Shaari 3, d and Soo Kien Chen 1, 3, e 1Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia akweeyong@gmail.com, bkbtan@science.upm.edu.my, ckplim@science.upm.edu.my, dhalim@science.upm.edu.my, eskchen@science.upm.edu.my Keywords: MgB2; sintering temperature; Silicon and Carbon co-addition; critical current density.
All sample show porous structure as indicated in Fig. 2(a), agreeing with the calculated bulk density.
Generally, sponge-like network structure is formed with (Si+C) additions as shown in Fig. 2(c)-(d) and the grain connectivity improves as grain growth is suppressed with (Si+C) additions.
However, the porosity are comparable to each other and sponge-like structure is observed for both samples.
The superconducting transition temperature has decreased greatly in (Si+C) samples reacted at high temperature due to more severely distorted lattice structure.

Among of all methods, nanocomposite hydrogels are believed to be an effective way because the nano-filler acts as cross-linker, which effectively avoids heterogenous structure generally caused by BIS of cross-linker.
Although the structure of PDA is under debate, the mechanism of adhersion should be associated with –NH2 and –OH of functional groups.
The network structures of hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Nano-structured smart hydrogels with rapid response and high elasticity.
Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings.

Nisar Ali1a, Zhang Qiuyu1b, Zhang Baoliang1c, Wajid Zaman2d, Sarmad Ali1e, 1Key Laboratory of Applied polymer Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, China. 2School of Material Science & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China a.nisarali@mail.nwpu.edu.cn, bqyzhang@nwpu.edu.cn, cblzhang@nwpu.edu.cn, dwajid_zaman@yahoo.com, esarmad@mail.nwpu.edu.cn, Keywords: soap free emulsion polymerization, solvothermal process, magnetic composite nanoparticles, demulsification.
Asphaltene molecules have complex molecular structures, building on fused aromatic rings with saturated substituents and polar groups such as amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulfur-containing functional groups, making them amphiphilic [4,5].
The P(MMA-AA-DVB)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles show asymmetrical hybrid structure with two parts, gray color organic polymeric nanoparticles and black inorganic iron oxide.
This clearly demonstrates the dual, hybrid structure and amphiphilic and interfacially active nature and of P(MMA-AA-DVB)/Fe3O4 magnetic Janus nanoparticles.
This clearly demonstrates the asymmetrical hybrid structure and interfacial activity of Janus magnetic nanoparticles.

Synthesis and characterization of a new amino-functionalized PMO material Fei Ding1,a, Shuangxi Liu2,b* 1,2 College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071.China adingfei@nankai.edu.cn, bsxliu@nankai.edu.cn Keywords: Synthesis, characterization, functional, PMO Abstract.
The structure-directing agent was removed by extracting the solid with dilute ethanolic HCl acid solution (volume ratio of HCl acid is 2%) for 12 hours.
Normally under same conditions, higher intensity in a XRD pattern indicates better structure ordering.
We can image that if the only component of silicon resource is TEOS, the same hydrolyzation speed and polarity will result in a perfect uniform structure, when another kind of silicane is added in, defects of structure will appear, and more silicane added, more defects exist.
So in the synthesis of PMO materials, organic silicane cannot be added infinitely if a material with relative uniform structure is wanted.

The relation of phase structure and corrosion resistance of MgO coating formed by micro-arc oxidation in different growth stages has been analyzed.
The phase structure of loose coating is mainly composed of MgSiO3 and the phase structure of compact ceramic coating is mainly composed of MgO.
The different growth stages have different growth manner and phase structure.
The reason is mainly the difference formation mechanics in the different stages so that microstructure and structure is different.
Materials Chemistry and Physics,2008, 107:356-363 [11] Fa he CAO, Long yong LIN, Zhao ZHANG, etal.

Numerous HBPs, such as polyamides, polyesters, poly (ether sulfones), polyurethanes, and polycarbosilanes, were prepared through condensation reaction, addition reaction, ring-opening reaction or click chemistry.
The structure of the resulting HBPET and their properties were investigated.
The composition and structure were analyzed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and XRD.
The data of 1H NMR confirmed the structure of the HBPET.
The possible structure of HBPET.

The structure of the target compounds and intermediates was conformed by the IR, 1H NMR and SEM.
The effect of monomer structure and mechanical properties has been investigated on the prepared polyesters.
As can be seen in the 10% FB composite of Fig. 5a, both thin and small fibrils, and some flat structures,were present.
In the composite with 30% FB and in the rest of the blends, as seen in Fig. 5c, the FB formed large and rather oriented structures.
Compared with that of the anlogous homopolyesters by other processing mode(injection moulding or melt moulding)[19,20,21],we can also seen that a will developed fibrils structure forms gradually and FB formed oriented structures,TLCP also show a self-fibrosis phenomenon.

The structure of the bimetallic nanoparticles is fcc-like with an average size of 5 nm.
Bimetallic NPs have been synthesized with a variety of structures, getting systems as bimetallic alloys, random alloyed nanoparticles and also core-shell structures [7].
Similar to bulk metals, two kinds of metal elements often provide an alloy structure.
In this work, Pt-Pd bimetallic NPs with alloy structure were synthesized by microwave-assisted process.
El-Sayed, Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes, Chem.

The Structure of Hydroxamic Acid Measurement.
The Structure of hydroxamic acid was identified using chromogenic reaction of structure of hydroxamic acid and Fe 3+.
The Structure of Hydroxamic Acid Measurement.
It can be proved hydroxamate structures exist in the structure.
Yang: Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry (In Chinese) Vol. 30 (1) (2002), p. 69-71 [18] H.H.