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The experiments were repeated at least three times in the same conditions in order to achieve a statistical distribution of the acquired data: such data are then used as a reference for the 2009 edition of the extrusion benchmark.
The third step is the comparison of the results: during the conference the hidden results of the experiment are disclosed and the different FEM codes predictions are compared to the experimental data, thus providing an interesting evaluation of codes capabilities.
In this direction, for example, the software houses can promote their codes capabilities on the basis of scientific and well monitored experimental data, the industrial users can verify their ability to properly perform a simulation with their own code or even select a code among those participating the contest.
Fig. 2: Thermocouple position The billets were heated up to 450 °C in a furnace, with the billet surface decreasing to 432 °C just before extrusion: the billet temperature reduction was caused by the billet loading procedure that took about 1 minute.
It is worth noting that the curve of the velocitymeter of the bottom profile showed a lower scatter distribution of the data compared to the other curve, this being in relation with the velocitymeter models: the velocitymeter used on the top profile is older than that used on the bottom, thus producing a worse filtering of acquired data.

According to the 50 meters wind energy resource measurement data from China Meteorological Administration released in 2009, the potential land wind energy development capacity with wind power density of more than 300W/m2 is 2380GW.
Recently, with technology development and cost reduction, domestic newly-built wind farms choose this type of turbines in priority.
Due to the data from Northeast, West Neimenggu and Jilin grid, the anti-regulation probabilities of wind power are 60%, 57% and 56%.
Power corporations should collect and analyze wind power basic operation documents and meteorological data from built wind farms to establish wind power output forecast system by increasing forecast precision.
“Energy saving and emission reduction” is the mandatory requirement of power industry.

Thus, according to Balaguru [5], even with a low content, such as 0.45kg/m3, the addition of synthetic fibers causes a reduction in cracking.
Padron and Zollo [6], researching concretes and mortars with polypropylene and acrylic fiber reinforcements, obtained a reduction of 18% to 23% in the number of cracks on concrete samples.
In 2012, 331,000 tons were retrieved from waste according to data from the 9th Brazilian PET Recycling Census, published by the Brazilian Association for PET Industry (ABIPET) [11].
Figure 4: Historic data from the 9th Brazilian PET bottles Recycling Census Source: Adapted from ABIPET [11].
There is data to show that the volume of production and sale of PET packaging in Brazil may significantly increase in the coming years, further increasing the quantity of this pollutant.

The frequency response is expressed in Hz or rad/s to specify the relative reduction in the output signal at a certain frequency as shown in Figure 1.
A commonly used reduction number (frequency limit) is - 3 dB.
Assessment of Physical Sensor Parameters The data quality evaluation and assessment parameters of the sensor device provides a measurable factor that aids a better improved efficiency and output generated energy in dynamic solar tracking systems.
This reduces the relative sensitivity of the sensor to the intensity of light, causing loss of tracking focus of the sun by the solar PV module resulting to reduction in the overall generated output energy.
Taylor, Data acquisition for sensor systems.

To reduce the overpotential of the HER on metals such as cobalt or nickel, special surface activation methods consisting in developing a real surface of the cathode are used, which leads to the reduction in current density.
At low current densities during cathodic reduction in electrochemical process, the whole surface of an electrode participates including the internal one.
The experimental data [28,29] indicate that the HER proceeds on a metallic part of carbides considerably higher than on oxide centres.
From literature data concerning the detailed description of the HER on tungsten and tungsten carbide [4,6,30,31] it results that the system with the electrode investigated at equilibrium potential in above mentioned solutions is characterized by the same mechanism of the HER, independent on the kind of occuring Fe-group metal as a binder.
Summary Analysis of literature data concerning conventional and novel electrodes for electrochemical applications shows that the group of the conventional materials consists of metals and their alloys, graphite and oxides.

The morphological evaluation was performed in direct observation by an inverted microscope Nikon (Eclipse TS-100-F) and an quantified evaluation with MTT Assay, based on the enzymatic reduction of yellow MTT, 3-(4,5dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromure) to an amount of formazan which is directly proportional to the number of viable cells.
Electrochemical data show that Co-Cr alloy passivates very well in artificial saliva.
Indeed, our ESEM measurements and literature data [9] confirm this hypothesis.
The electrochemical data from polarization studies show that both Co-Cr alloys, the passivated and the bioactivated one, present good stability in studied solutions, and the corrosion rate being 5.9·10-3g/m2·h for the reference sample and 2.5·10-3g/m2·h ,correspond to stable range.

These results indicate the size reduction and the increase in the lattice strain of Zr metal particles, and the disappearance of the stacking order of the graphite layers and the formation of disordered carbon with finely divided grains.
No literature data can be found about simultaneous formation of ZrC and ZrB2 by MA-SHS in air through elemental Zr, B and C.
A predominant formation of ZrB2 can be understood from the free energy data of the formation of ZrB2 and ZrC, i.e., -300 kJ mol-1 for the reaction Zr + 2B = ZrB2 and -200 kJ mol-1 for the reaction Zr + C = ZrC in the temperature range of 100 to 1100ºC [7].
Barin: Thermochemical data of pure substances, VCH, Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany, 1989 pp. 1708 and 1714.

The data were analysed using the Rietveld method by means of the Fullprof program.
The full circles represent the observed data points, the solid lines reveal the calculated profile and the difference (bottom) between the observed and calculated profiles.
The magnetic structure determination from these data is delicate because only one Bragg peak has a significant intensity and there are 4 sites for the Ce atoms in Ce5Ni1.85Si3.
The strong reduction of the moments values are partly explained by the competition between the Kondo and the RKKY interactions.

Tab.1 Standard time of work before improvement Process Content Workers Standard Time (second) ST ST/worker 1 Tube assembly 2 25. 35 12. 68 2 Bottom plate, LGP and backboard assembly 1 11. 42 11. 42 3 Film assembly 5 78. 62 15. 72 4 Winding, cable grip and label assembly 2 32. 21 16. 11 5 High-voltage test 1 11. 31 11. 31 6 OQC image 3 48. 57 16. 19 7 OQC appearance 1 13. 06 13. 06 8 Protective film 1 1 12. 95 12. 95 9 Protective film 2 1 9. 97 9. 97 Total: 17 243. 46 119. 41 The analysis of the capacity and load before improvement From the data above, we can find that the cycle time of this assembly line is 16.19s (the longest operating time) which determines the capacity in a certain period.
Then, we decide to merge the process No. 5 and No. 9, of course without any quality reduction.
The data is given in Tab.2.
Hence: Capacity = 15*3600/18.80 = 2872PCS Loss of time = 18.80*14-238.61 = 24.59s Balance rate = 238.61/18.80*14 = 90.66% Imbalance rate = 1-90.66% = 9.34% We can see from the above data that the results are highly visible: the loss of time has reduced to 24.59s, meanwhile the balance rate achieves 90.66% and the imbalance rate is only 9.34%.

Therefore, the natural frequency increases with respect to the reduction of number of active coils.
(2) Where, The results are compared with the experimental data in Fig. 7.
The simulated result agrees well with the test data.
The measured natural frequency can be direct used as the input data to predict valve spring surge characteristics.