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If then the fracture of several ribs involves a greater number of sectors, a thoracic flap is generated in 30% of cases and mortality rises to 20%.
To overcome these problems, the research has focused on two aspects: a) grain refinement of the material to enhance the mechanical properties [24-26]; b) tailoring of alloy composition and study of LDHs surface coatings to increase corrosion resistance.
To assess the presence of a preferred orientation of the grains, the relative intensities of the diffraction peaks were compared to those of Mg reported in the JCPDS-ICDD database (file 35-821), corresponding to a material with random grain orientation.
Vinogradov, Corrosion Fatigue of Fine Grain Mg-Zn-Zr and Mg-Y-Zn Alloys.

Although it appears that the Bi-rich droplets nucleate in a position ahead of the monotectic front, as solidification continues (at t = 3.5 and 7.0 s) it becomes apparent that two α-Al grains have also nucleated and are growing in the same location as the initial L2 nucleation at t = 0.
It would be expected that α-Al grains are also present at t = 0 as homogeneous nucleation of L2 would be highly unlikely when thermodynamically favourable nucleating surfaces, such as α-Al, are present.
At t = 3.5 s, equiaxed grains appear to be growing in the same location as the initial L2 nucleation.
The open equiaxed network allows Bi-rich droplets to settle freely and they accumulate on top of α-Al grains (highlighted by circles at t = 7.0 s) where the network becomes more constricted.
Droplet Motion and Interaction At higher ∇T's, a large number of L2 droplets are set in motion by thermosolutal Marangoni forces.

For example, post-mortem analyses on worn oxide bonded SiC- based tiles have shown that molten salts react with SiC aggregates and matrix of the material and form para-wollastonite around SiC grains and in the porosity, near the hot face of refractory tiles.
The gas O2 react with SiC-grain to form SiO2 layer surrounding the sound part of SiC grain.
The material considered hereafter is a commercial SiC-based refractory, having a particle size distribution ranging from 20 µm to 3 mm and containing approximately 85 wt.% of SiC-grains.
The oxidation extent instead of the SiO2 mass fraction or the SiC content seems to be a better state variable because initially it is null at each point and it reduces the number of variable to compute (one instead of two that, are not independent).

However, from the AFM image of the spin-coated film at 110 ◦C (Fig.3c), the size of crystalline grains of RR-P3HT is larger than that for 50 ◦C(Fig.3b), which shows the opposite tendency to that between 25 and 50 ◦C in association with increase of temperature.
Consequently, density of crystalline nuclei was maximized around 50 ◦C, giving crystalline grains with the smallest size.
Additionally, spin-coating precipitation of RR-P3HT was seemingly delayed by the high temperature solution of 110 ◦C, and this causes to slightly gain the grain size of RR-P3HT.
The morphological changes give the variation of source-drain conductivity of OFETs; namely, the higher conductivity is seen in the larger crystalline grains, particularly in low current region (Fig.2d).
A multiple parallel network[11, 12, 13, 26] is suggested to maintain high performance, which needs a large number of independent noise sources ideally.

Table 1 Goals and Indexes of Ecological Environment for Sichuan Tuopai Group Sequence Number Goals Indexes 1 Discharge soot and SO2 within controlling indexes.
The utilization rate of clinker is up to 100%. 3 Make full use of waste spent grains.

Anchor rope fracture number is more and fracture rate is as high as 17%.
No. 5 coal roof for the lithology of sandstone and mudstone powder and fine grain sandstone.

Murch), GRAIN  BOUNDARIES AND INTERFACES: STRUCTURE, THERMODYNAMICS AND DIFFUSION PROPERTIES (by V.V. 
The large number of presented papers emphasises the considerable academic and industrial interest in the  conference theme. 

SiC epi-layer grown above these terminated micropipes is continuous without any twins and grain boundaries.
Finally we can say that Ti is one of the most promising solvents since it realizes stable solution growth without formation of crucial number of defects.

A number of surface technologies have been developed for improving properties of aluminum and its alloys including anodic oxidation, PVD, and micro-arc oxidation (MAO).
As it will be shown in the more microcosmic observation, a cluster is composed of smaller grains 50-80 nm in size.

Table1 Performance Indicators of Coating Base Paper fixed amount  （g/m2） 60°glossiness (%) opacity (%) whiteness   (%) K&N (%) Cobb value（g/m3） 220 49 94.8 93.6 5.29 3.6 Pigment : nano-silica :the performance of nano-silica is showed in table 2: Table 2 The characteristics of nano-silica which exclusive used in glossy photo paper performance norm BET /m2/g 200 mean grain size /nm 100 compaction density /g/l 50 volume concentration /g/l 30 pH 3.7-4.7 Plastic pigment HP1055：hollow sphere, ROHM HAAS HP 1055, solid content is 26%, wet density is 1.08 g／mL, dry density is 0.486g／mL, pH value of 8 ~ 9, viscidity is 50～700mPa·s，particle diameter is 1.0 μm (ID 0.82μm), shell thickness is 0.091μm，volume porosity is 55％.
Conclusion Hollow plastic pigment due to its own advantage made a large number of applications in the ink-jet printing paper, plastic paint plastic paint usage at 10%, it can improve the performance of coated paper to change the coating surface smoothness and gloss, but the main effect is special effects in the finishing course.