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Online since: May 2011
Authors: Jin Xia Wang, Jia Wen Jian, Yuan Yuan Gu
From Raman patterns of fig.2, the peak’s number decreasing at the low frequency range means that the symmetry of BCY(x) increase as x becomes large.
Considering the result of fig.2, the peak’s number decreases with the increasing of x imply the sample’s symmetry enhances, it can be concluded that ion Y3+ have taken place in the lattice position of Ce.
The intercept with the real axis at high frequencies is the grain (bulk) boundary response of the electrolyte.
Considering the result of fig.2, the peak’s number decreases with the increasing of x imply the sample’s symmetry enhances, it can be concluded that ion Y3+ have taken place in the lattice position of Ce.
The intercept with the real axis at high frequencies is the grain (bulk) boundary response of the electrolyte.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Lian Fen Huang, Wen Hui Yang, Jing Wang
From the perspective of the number of devices, the advantages of the new structure are also remarkable.
As shown in Table 2, the reduction numbers of adders, multipliers and the delay units for the 4-tap FIR filter are 4, 7 and 4, respectively and those are 20, 23 and 20 for the 12-tap FIR filter when ITMR is applied.
Carroll: Fine-Grain SEU Mitigation for FPGAs Using Partial TMR (2007) [8] Fernanda Lima Kastensmidt, Luigi Carro and Ricardo Reis: Fault-Tolerance Techniques for SRAM-based FPGAs (China Astronautic publishing house, China 2009) [9] Abdallah M.
As shown in Table 2, the reduction numbers of adders, multipliers and the delay units for the 4-tap FIR filter are 4, 7 and 4, respectively and those are 20, 23 and 20 for the 12-tap FIR filter when ITMR is applied.
Carroll: Fine-Grain SEU Mitigation for FPGAs Using Partial TMR (2007) [8] Fernanda Lima Kastensmidt, Luigi Carro and Ricardo Reis: Fault-Tolerance Techniques for SRAM-based FPGAs (China Astronautic publishing house, China 2009) [9] Abdallah M.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Dun Wen Zuo, Ming Di Wang, Shi Hong Shi
It is similar to
the skin of the unit, covering the surface of the entity, which will not increase the number of nodes
(except for isolated nodes), only increase the number of units.
So that the grain growth will be different, this is in line with experimental results.
So that the grain growth will be different, this is in line with experimental results.
Online since: May 2006
Authors: Manuel F. Vieira, Filomena Viana, Ana Sofia Ramos, Liliana I. Duarte, Maria-Teresa Freire Vieira
.%) used in this investigation has a duplex microstructure,
which consists of a mixture of γ-TiAl and lamellar (α2-Ti3Al + γ-TiAl) grains.
The interfaces were examined by SEM, under atomic number contrast, and chemically analysed by EDS at an accelerating voltage of 15keV.
As the two matching layers are composed by titanium, the centre of the interface of these joints is richer in this element, as observed in Fig. 3 and 4 by atomic number contrast and EDS analysis.
The interfaces were examined by SEM, under atomic number contrast, and chemically analysed by EDS at an accelerating voltage of 15keV.
As the two matching layers are composed by titanium, the centre of the interface of these joints is richer in this element, as observed in Fig. 3 and 4 by atomic number contrast and EDS analysis.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Dong Li, Fang Lian, Kuo Chih Chou, Wei Hua Qiu, Fu Shen Li
The morphology suggests that Fe promotes grain refinement, that is, the particle size decrease with an increase of Fe content especially x≥0.4.
a b c d Fig. 3 FESEM images of 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiMnxNixFe(1-2x)/2O2(a)x=0.5, (b)x=0.45,(c)x=0.4,(d)x=0.35 Electrochemical properties a b Fig. 4 Discharge and charge capacity vs. cycle number of 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiMnxNixFe(1-2x)/2O2 (a)x=0.5,(b)x=0.4.
Moreover, discharge and charge capacity decrease rapidly with the increase of cycle number.
a b c d Fig. 3 FESEM images of 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiMnxNixFe(1-2x)/2O2(a)x=0.5, (b)x=0.45,(c)x=0.4,(d)x=0.35 Electrochemical properties a b Fig. 4 Discharge and charge capacity vs. cycle number of 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiMnxNixFe(1-2x)/2O2 (a)x=0.5,(b)x=0.4.
Moreover, discharge and charge capacity decrease rapidly with the increase of cycle number.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Amir Aziz, Wan Khairuddin bin Wan Ali
A Study of Basic Aluminized Propellants Characteristics
1Amir Aziz and 2Wan Khairuddin Wan Ali
Department of Aeronautical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 Skudai, Johor.Malaysia.
1amir3@live.utm.my, 2wankhai@fkm.utm.my
Keywords: Aluminized propellant, ammonium perchlorate, burning rate test, pressure exponent, ballistic evaluation motor
Abstract :There were very limited number of references published discussing the burning characteristic of aluminized propellant without any additive substance.
Literature search by the author has found that a very limited number of references discussed the characteristics of the propellant without any additive.
The graph in Fig. 7 shows the type of progressive burning which is a similar results reported by Marko V.M. and Vladica S.B.[11] when employing tubular shape propellant grain.
Literature search by the author has found that a very limited number of references discussed the characteristics of the propellant without any additive.
The graph in Fig. 7 shows the type of progressive burning which is a similar results reported by Marko V.M. and Vladica S.B.[11] when employing tubular shape propellant grain.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Jean Hong Chen, Lung Chuan Chen, Shuei Feng Tsai, Guan Wen Wang
The seed layer number (SLN) of ZnO exerts moderate influence on the photo-to-electricity conversion and an optimum SLN was observed for this study.
However, this construction may lower electron transport through the particulate TiO2 film because a large grain boundary occur and then increase the recombination probability between the injected electrons and oxidized ions in the electrolyte [5, 6].
Fig. 6 exhibits the photocurrent-voltage (I-V) curves of the DSSCs based on photoanodes with various ZnO seed layer number (SLN) and Table 1 summarizes the photovoltaic parameters.
The ZnO seed layer number (SLN) affects significantly the photovoltaic efficiency.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan, the Republic of China, under Grant numbers of NSC 100-2221-E-168-037 and NSC 100-2632-E-168-001-MY3.
However, this construction may lower electron transport through the particulate TiO2 film because a large grain boundary occur and then increase the recombination probability between the injected electrons and oxidized ions in the electrolyte [5, 6].
Fig. 6 exhibits the photocurrent-voltage (I-V) curves of the DSSCs based on photoanodes with various ZnO seed layer number (SLN) and Table 1 summarizes the photovoltaic parameters.
The ZnO seed layer number (SLN) affects significantly the photovoltaic efficiency.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan, the Republic of China, under Grant numbers of NSC 100-2221-E-168-037 and NSC 100-2632-E-168-001-MY3.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Sandrine Thuillier, Nelson Souto, António Andrade-Campos
The use of a larger number of design variables allows to obtain optimized geometries with higher average shear strain.
In this way, the number of variables (control points) is reduced.
The use of different number of design variables will allow understanding the influence of the cubic splines interpolation in the obtained results; and (v) three optimization process using different initial parameters values are carried out for each number of design variables.
These results show that a larger number of design variables allows to obtain an optimal geometry with higher average shear strain.
In addition, when a larger number of cubic splines is used, the higher is the average shear strain achieved.
In this way, the number of variables (control points) is reduced.
The use of different number of design variables will allow understanding the influence of the cubic splines interpolation in the obtained results; and (v) three optimization process using different initial parameters values are carried out for each number of design variables.
These results show that a larger number of design variables allows to obtain an optimal geometry with higher average shear strain.
In addition, when a larger number of cubic splines is used, the higher is the average shear strain achieved.
Online since: December 2009
Authors: Osamu Horiuchi, Hossein Amirabadi, Mohsen Shakeri
By this method, not only the
next polishing time decreases, but also figuring efficiency increases through the possibility of using
bigger abrasive grain size.
Concerning "area profiling method", experience shows that long measuring time, huge data processing and number of sample points are some restrictions.
After calibration of Microsense console (Micro sense Micro sense ADE console Data acquisition system Capacitor probe Co-focal microscope XY servo control table 3401HR), the sample surface was scanned by Probe ID Number 2102/2036 K with proper pitch distance(0.8mm) between measuring nodes. [10] "Out of flatness" and "waviness topography of rough isotropic quartz surface" which are measured by a capacitor-base instrument, were compared with laser and stylus measurement methods.
The data is stored as a matrix representing surface height defined as Z(N,M), which M is the number of traces, and N is the number of nodes on each trace.
-55.901 0 1 2 3 5 4 6 1 2 3 5 4 µm mm -40 0.25 -20 )0()0( 00 t t Z t t Z = (2) )()( 01 aZ t t aZ tt = (3) )()( 0 iaZ t t iaZ tti = (4) Fig. 7 Nozzle path for figure correction Fig. 8 Discretion of nozzle foot print that measured by laser measuring machine The sum of material removed on the first node will be: (5) ∑∑ + − + − = i i t i i i t iaZ t t iaZ i )( )( Where, i is the number of nodes from the centre of the nozzle to the adjacent edge.
Concerning "area profiling method", experience shows that long measuring time, huge data processing and number of sample points are some restrictions.
After calibration of Microsense console (Micro sense Micro sense ADE console Data acquisition system Capacitor probe Co-focal microscope XY servo control table 3401HR), the sample surface was scanned by Probe ID Number 2102/2036 K with proper pitch distance(0.8mm) between measuring nodes. [10] "Out of flatness" and "waviness topography of rough isotropic quartz surface" which are measured by a capacitor-base instrument, were compared with laser and stylus measurement methods.
The data is stored as a matrix representing surface height defined as Z(N,M), which M is the number of traces, and N is the number of nodes on each trace.
-55.901 0 1 2 3 5 4 6 1 2 3 5 4 µm mm -40 0.25 -20 )0()0( 00 t t Z t t Z = (2) )()( 01 aZ t t aZ tt = (3) )()( 0 iaZ t t iaZ tti = (4) Fig. 7 Nozzle path for figure correction Fig. 8 Discretion of nozzle foot print that measured by laser measuring machine The sum of material removed on the first node will be: (5) ∑∑ + − + − = i i t i i i t iaZ t t iaZ i )( )( Where, i is the number of nodes from the centre of the nozzle to the adjacent edge.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Wang Ying, Bo Lin Ma, Qing Lin Xue, Hong Wei Wang
the coordination of ecological conditions of gas hot water in the soil, to create a good soil environment for root growth[8]; Fengyu Li studies show that: straw returned can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, improve soil structure, increase the soil available nutrients[9].(2)Straw returning could significantly increase crop yield.Wentao Lu comprehensive test results from the four years of straw returned, short term and amount of straw counters-field effect on crop yield significantly, but returning from a long cycle, high amount of straw returned have more advantages on crop production[6];Weihong Sun research results show that the straw returned to significantly increase crop yield, in loam increase production effect is better than sandy loam[8];Li Gu through long-term and short-term comparison of controlled trials showed that the straw returned with stimulation effect[10]Returning Caixia Zhao research results show that Returning all is beneficial to the increase of grain
yield[11];Feng Miao the experimental study shows that under the condition of no nitrogen, straw returned increase the summer corn grain yield significantly[12].(3)Straw returning can increase soil organic matter.Zhigang Dai straw returned test showed that different cultivation mode can increase the soil total organic carbon and organic carbon oxidation state, and increased the activity of soil organic matter[7];Fengbo Li research shows that the straw returned significantly increased soil organic matter content, total nitrogen and available phosphorus content, to increase soil organic matter and available potassium content has obvious promoting effect[13];Xunhao Liu etc.
The research of straw stock raising Straw due is the best reward to use conventional technology, adopt scientific breeding methods, make full use of natural resources and the natural conditions, with a relatively low investment, produce high quality beef and mutton, wool, cashmere, etc[18].Moreover, cattle and sheep manure can be used as farmland fertilizer, so that the soil is fertile and grain production, and produce a large number of straw, and form a virtuous circle.At the same time, straw stock raising, saving a large amount of feed grain use; That can reduce pollution of the environment; Is beneficial to improve people's food structure[19,20].Returning straw livestock reared GuoFu, also can effectively stop the happening of the mad cow disease[18].It is important to note that the use of straw due to raise cattle and sheep for ruminants[21].Yongge Gao study showed that straw due to promote the "big development" of plant-eating livestock such as cattle and sheep, and drive the slaughtering
yield[11];Feng Miao the experimental study shows that under the condition of no nitrogen, straw returned increase the summer corn grain yield significantly[12].(3)Straw returning can increase soil organic matter.Zhigang Dai straw returned test showed that different cultivation mode can increase the soil total organic carbon and organic carbon oxidation state, and increased the activity of soil organic matter[7];Fengbo Li research shows that the straw returned significantly increased soil organic matter content, total nitrogen and available phosphorus content, to increase soil organic matter and available potassium content has obvious promoting effect[13];Xunhao Liu etc.
The research of straw stock raising Straw due is the best reward to use conventional technology, adopt scientific breeding methods, make full use of natural resources and the natural conditions, with a relatively low investment, produce high quality beef and mutton, wool, cashmere, etc[18].Moreover, cattle and sheep manure can be used as farmland fertilizer, so that the soil is fertile and grain production, and produce a large number of straw, and form a virtuous circle.At the same time, straw stock raising, saving a large amount of feed grain use; That can reduce pollution of the environment; Is beneficial to improve people's food structure[19,20].Returning straw livestock reared GuoFu, also can effectively stop the happening of the mad cow disease[18].It is important to note that the use of straw due to raise cattle and sheep for ruminants[21].Yongge Gao study showed that straw due to promote the "big development" of plant-eating livestock such as cattle and sheep, and drive the slaughtering