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Online since: January 2012
Authors: Jun Fa Wang, Gui Fu Wu, Dong Hua Jiang, Dong Wei Shao
The digging spring tooth for corn stubble harvester including self-exited vibration S-shaped spring handle and curved chisel-shaped bionic tooth is designed based on the mechanism of drag reduction of self-excited vibration and bionic drag reduction for reduce digging resistance and power consumption, and the statics analysis of digging spring tooth is done by ANSYS software, the stress and strain distribution diagrams show the design is reasonable.
Design of self-exited vibration S-shaped spring handle In order to reduce the engine power consumption and the digging resistance, the self-exited vibration S-shaped spring handle is designed by the research of drag reduction mechanism of self-excited vibration, as the figure 1 shows.
When the handle is forced, it can generate restoring force and can make the whole spring-tooth vibration to achieve the purpose of reduction tractor-drawn resistance.
Based on the above analysis and the depth research of bionic drag reduction mechanism, the bionic tooth of the excavating spring tooth is designed by the measuring results of claw curved contour shape and the prototype of the front foot middle toe of field mice, as the figure 3 shows.
Table .2 Pressure datum of soil to two teeth with different α(KPa) wedge angle α pressure 25° 560 35° 721 Table .3 Pressure limit data of excavating spring-tooth MPa stress wedge angle α=25° wedge angle α=35° Max. value 570 573 Min. value 0.177 0.182 Table .4 Distortion limit data of excavating spring-tooth (mm) displacement wedge angleα=25° wedge angleα=35° Max. value 17.498 17.172 Min. value 0 0 Fig.6 Stress contour of excavating spring tooth when is 35° Fig.5 Stress contour of excavating spring tooth when is 25° As can be seen from the overall stress distribution of excavating spring tooth, the stress is mainly distributed in the elastic handle and bionic tooth engagement end the circular position of radius 30mm, and stress increases with wedge angle increasing; the maximum stress value is 573 MPa when the α is 35°, and the maximum ultimate strength of excavating spring tooth is 735 MPa, so the spring tooth strength meet the design requirements.
Design of self-exited vibration S-shaped spring handle In order to reduce the engine power consumption and the digging resistance, the self-exited vibration S-shaped spring handle is designed by the research of drag reduction mechanism of self-excited vibration, as the figure 1 shows.
When the handle is forced, it can generate restoring force and can make the whole spring-tooth vibration to achieve the purpose of reduction tractor-drawn resistance.
Based on the above analysis and the depth research of bionic drag reduction mechanism, the bionic tooth of the excavating spring tooth is designed by the measuring results of claw curved contour shape and the prototype of the front foot middle toe of field mice, as the figure 3 shows.
Table .2 Pressure datum of soil to two teeth with different α(KPa) wedge angle α pressure 25° 560 35° 721 Table .3 Pressure limit data of excavating spring-tooth MPa stress wedge angle α=25° wedge angle α=35° Max. value 570 573 Min. value 0.177 0.182 Table .4 Distortion limit data of excavating spring-tooth (mm) displacement wedge angleα=25° wedge angleα=35° Max. value 17.498 17.172 Min. value 0 0 Fig.6 Stress contour of excavating spring tooth when is 35° Fig.5 Stress contour of excavating spring tooth when is 25° As can be seen from the overall stress distribution of excavating spring tooth, the stress is mainly distributed in the elastic handle and bionic tooth engagement end the circular position of radius 30mm, and stress increases with wedge angle increasing; the maximum stress value is 573 MPa when the α is 35°, and the maximum ultimate strength of excavating spring tooth is 735 MPa, so the spring tooth strength meet the design requirements.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Geraldo C. Oliveira Neto, Silvio M. Souza, Elesandro A. Baptista
So, it is possible also associate a lean thinking with sustainability approaches, seeking to reduce waste production and reduction of environmental impacts [8].
Case studies usually can mix methods of data collection, such as questionnaires, archives, interviews and observations.
Case Study Data collection occurred at an automotive company, that producing gears for transmissions and diesel engines.
The final results after the improvements were a reduction of 1,767,111.60 Kg/per input unit and of USD267,000.00 on the production Cost.
A reduction of natural resources in order of 1,767,111.60 kg/per input unit and, also, the production costs reduction of US$ 267,000.00 per year, highlight that the applied methodology was adequate and the main aim of this paper was fulfilled.
Case studies usually can mix methods of data collection, such as questionnaires, archives, interviews and observations.
Case Study Data collection occurred at an automotive company, that producing gears for transmissions and diesel engines.
The final results after the improvements were a reduction of 1,767,111.60 Kg/per input unit and of USD267,000.00 on the production Cost.
A reduction of natural resources in order of 1,767,111.60 kg/per input unit and, also, the production costs reduction of US$ 267,000.00 per year, highlight that the applied methodology was adequate and the main aim of this paper was fulfilled.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Hisayoshi Itoh, Takeshi Ohshima, Gerhard Pensl, Sergey A. Reshanov, Shigeomi Hishiki
Reduction of Interface Traps and Enhancement of Channel Mobility in
n-channel 6H-SiC MOSFETs by Irradiation with Gamma-Rays
S.
In addition, the Hall-effect measurements indicate a reduction of the interface trap density.
A similar increase subsequent to γ-irradiation is observed for µeff determined in MOSFETs with gate oxide formed by dry oxidation (the corresponding data are not plotted in Fig. 3).
They unambiguously demonstrate the reduction of Dit with increasing absorbed γ-dose.
An increase of the absorbed dose from 696 kGy to 3.16 MGy causes a reduction of Dit by a factor of 3 in MOSFETs with pyrogenic oxide.
In addition, the Hall-effect measurements indicate a reduction of the interface trap density.
A similar increase subsequent to γ-irradiation is observed for µeff determined in MOSFETs with gate oxide formed by dry oxidation (the corresponding data are not plotted in Fig. 3).
They unambiguously demonstrate the reduction of Dit with increasing absorbed γ-dose.
An increase of the absorbed dose from 696 kGy to 3.16 MGy causes a reduction of Dit by a factor of 3 in MOSFETs with pyrogenic oxide.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Jun Ma, Dong Dong Zhang
It reduces the time and resources consumption effectively
Introduction
Along with expense reduction of storage device and rapid development of spatial information technology, more and more multimedia data, for example, image format, are collected and stored.
· Most remote sensing data mining algorithm usually comes by the common data mining algorithm.
Because the algorithm does not fit the data structure, storage and characteristic of data processing, it will lose the spatial knowledge in the data mining process
· There are many error data and noisy data at data mining process.
· After receiving tasks, the parallel computers obtain data from database, discretize the remote sensing data (discretization standard is distinguishing woodland type) and convert the data to Boolean type data
· Most remote sensing data mining algorithm usually comes by the common data mining algorithm.
Because the algorithm does not fit the data structure, storage and characteristic of data processing, it will lose the spatial knowledge in the data mining process
· There are many error data and noisy data at data mining process.
· After receiving tasks, the parallel computers obtain data from database, discretize the remote sensing data (discretization standard is distinguishing woodland type) and convert the data to Boolean type data
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xin Yu Wang, Qing Song Zhang
Neural network can greatly help the library management system, especially in data analyzing function.
Introduction Data mining is a kind of new technique that discovers and extracts the information hidden in large database or data warehouse, it can make automatic analysis and inductive inference to the data in data warehouse, and find the latent pattern; or create association and establish new business model to help the leader make correct decisions.
Data mining research and practice indicate that knowledge is hidden in the innumerable data accumulated day by day, yet it can’t be discovered only by complex algorithm and inference.
The technique of artificial intelligence, especially the combination of neural network and data mining points out a new way for the research of data mining theories and methods [1].
So for the university library value comprehensive factors as well as the different units of the survey data are relatively into evaluation index dimensionless data, and the establishment of university library evaluation index factor related equation coefficient matrix[4,5].
Introduction Data mining is a kind of new technique that discovers and extracts the information hidden in large database or data warehouse, it can make automatic analysis and inductive inference to the data in data warehouse, and find the latent pattern; or create association and establish new business model to help the leader make correct decisions.
Data mining research and practice indicate that knowledge is hidden in the innumerable data accumulated day by day, yet it can’t be discovered only by complex algorithm and inference.
The technique of artificial intelligence, especially the combination of neural network and data mining points out a new way for the research of data mining theories and methods [1].
So for the university library value comprehensive factors as well as the different units of the survey data are relatively into evaluation index dimensionless data, and the establishment of university library evaluation index factor related equation coefficient matrix[4,5].
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Xiao Ning Jing, Xiao Jiu Li
There are many tools in Imageware to remove these noises in order to ensure the accuracy of the results.
2.1.3 Data reduction
Through laser scanning we can get thousands of data points, and they are not all useful for the model reconstruction.
data.
(c) Point cloud after data reduction..
Then we use the tool “Modify — Data reduction — Space Sampling” to do data reduction.
The point cloud data after data reduction is shown in figure 2(c).
data.
(c) Point cloud after data reduction..
Then we use the tool “Modify — Data reduction — Space Sampling” to do data reduction.
The point cloud data after data reduction is shown in figure 2(c).
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Siti Aktar Ishak, Haslenda Hashim
CO2 emission reduction target.
Data are gathered from [10, 11, 12, and 13].
The cost increases as the reduction target increases.
The highest reduction that can be achieved is 3.2%.
CO2 Reduction Options in Cement Industry, Therm.
Data are gathered from [10, 11, 12, and 13].
The cost increases as the reduction target increases.
The highest reduction that can be achieved is 3.2%.
CO2 Reduction Options in Cement Industry, Therm.
Online since: April 2008
Authors: D.F. Chen, L. Huang, M.J. Long, L.Y. Wen, L.Y. Dong
These mechanical properties parameters provide the design data for
the target surface temperature curve and dynamic control modeling of secondary cooling system,
and are used to research hot delivery and crack mechanisms of cast slab.
However, the data for Continuous Casting is almost less.
The reduction of area provides a measure of the ultimate local ductility of a material up to the instant of rupture.
The lowest per cent reduction of area is 60%.
After 900°C, especially among 950°C to 1225°C, the per cent reduction of area increased higher even reached around 85% to 95%.
However, the data for Continuous Casting is almost less.
The reduction of area provides a measure of the ultimate local ductility of a material up to the instant of rupture.
The lowest per cent reduction of area is 60%.
After 900°C, especially among 950°C to 1225°C, the per cent reduction of area increased higher even reached around 85% to 95%.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Yuan Yuan, Ji Xian Liu, Zhang Fang
Most countries raised short-term or medium-term emission reduction program from 20 to 50 years in order to act in concert with medium-term emission reduction targets proposed by IPCC.
In the non-cooperative state, reduction strategies of each region will finally achieve Nash equilibrium, defined as.
Then according to the recent ten years emission data of BIS and RUS, we set 90% of CO2 emission of 2010 as the lower limit for the above two regions.
Under the common but differential principle, USA and EU are the key figures in the climate mitigation, which means they take mandatory emission reduction obligation and other countries announce their unilateral reduction commitments according to the reduction intensity of USA and EU.
Zhang Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction: A Theoretical Framework and Global Solution [J].
In the non-cooperative state, reduction strategies of each region will finally achieve Nash equilibrium, defined as.
Then according to the recent ten years emission data of BIS and RUS, we set 90% of CO2 emission of 2010 as the lower limit for the above two regions.
Under the common but differential principle, USA and EU are the key figures in the climate mitigation, which means they take mandatory emission reduction obligation and other countries announce their unilateral reduction commitments according to the reduction intensity of USA and EU.
Zhang Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction: A Theoretical Framework and Global Solution [J].
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Emil Tymicki, Krzysztof Grasza
Application of 6H to 4H Polytype Conversion to Effective Reduction of
Micropipes in 4H SiC Crystals
Krzysztof Grasza
1,2,a, Emil Tymicki
1,b
1
Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 133 Wólczyńska Str. 01-991 Warsaw, Poland,
2
Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al.Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland,
a
Krzysztof.Grasza@ifpan.edu.pl, bEmil.Tymicki@itme.edu.pl
Keywords: silicon carbide, 4H-SiC, 6H-SiC, reduction of micropipes, polytype transformation,
crystal growth, PVT.
The lowering growth rate of 4H-SiC to 0.1 mm/h at the initial growth stage [2] or 'gently reduction' [3] of the argon pressure were considered in some papers, in order to avoid inclusions of parasitic polytypes and generation of defects at the polytype transformations.
The growth rate was increased by lowering temperature of the seed and/or the pressure reduction of an inert gas applied as a diffusive barrier in our system (the mixture of argon an nitrogen, with the nitrogen content between 0 and 25%).
Exemplary experimental data 6H to 4H polytype conversion.
Summarizing our experimental results and discussed literature data we can conclude that the 6H to 4H polytype conversion is an effect of a change of the vapor composition.
The lowering growth rate of 4H-SiC to 0.1 mm/h at the initial growth stage [2] or 'gently reduction' [3] of the argon pressure were considered in some papers, in order to avoid inclusions of parasitic polytypes and generation of defects at the polytype transformations.
The growth rate was increased by lowering temperature of the seed and/or the pressure reduction of an inert gas applied as a diffusive barrier in our system (the mixture of argon an nitrogen, with the nitrogen content between 0 and 25%).
Exemplary experimental data 6H to 4H polytype conversion.
Summarizing our experimental results and discussed literature data we can conclude that the 6H to 4H polytype conversion is an effect of a change of the vapor composition.