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The nanomaterials obtained have unique physical and mechanical properties [1, 2].
A concurrent effect of a whole number of structural factors (small grain size, large nonuniform distortions of crystal lattice) on X-ray diffraction in SPD nanomaterials results in considerable difficulties in the interpretation of XRD patterns and, correspondingly, in the determination of the structure parameters of these nanomaterials by the XRD method.
As a result, the final expression for the intensity of X-rays scattered by an ideal three-dimensional crystal lattice with allowance for the structure and thermal factors, was written as follows: 2 2 2M z z 0 k j 2 j k | | 2 i I f e cos( 2sin (r r )) R �� � = × � � ��� , (2) here f is the atomic factor; e -2M is the thermal factor; � - is the diffraction angle and rz k is the coordinate of the k-th atom along the axis coinciding with the direction perpendicular to the specimen plane.
Since defect structure of SPD materials greatly affects their unusual properties, the quantitative evaluation of the EGBDs density is an important task.

The component’s compositional and structural analysis of the crude oils is key factors to be studied to mitigate wax formation and precipitation tendency for the betterment of the crude oil flowability.
The types of wax crystals can also be affected by several factors such as composition, fluid dynamics and temperatures [16].
Physicochemical properties of crude oils Crude oil's properties/parameters 1 2 3 WATa (°C) 26.46 38.21 52.51 N content of crude oil > 14 (wt%) 43.76 51.75 55.39 B, C or A content of crude oil > 14 (wt%) 3.33 15.15 19.30 N content of crude oil 16≤ N ≤25 (wt%) 30.87 36.05 37.87 N, B, C or A content of crude oil > 14 (wt%) 47.09 66.90 74.69 N content in crude oil > 25 (wt%) 9.04 12.41 14.81 a) Temperature uncertainty is ±0.024 °C, ±0.07 °C and ±0.387 °C for crude oil 1 to 3 respectively.
Therefore, knowing the type of components, compositions and their structures of crude oils is prominent factor to be understood to secure inhibition of wax precipitation and deposition for flow assurance purposes.
Crystallization and dissolution temperatures, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow properties.

In order to investigate the effect of bentonite binder on adsorption and cation exchange properties of granulated nano NaY zeolite, the adsorption of Xe and N2 and removal of Sr2+ ion from aqueous solution was studied.
The presence of binder inside the produced zeolitic granules could affect its characterization [4].
Thus, it is important to carefully choose the binder and granulation process and have information on the influence of the binder on sorption and catalytic properties of granulated zeolite.
Therefore, the objective of the present work was to find the effect of bentonite binder on the adsorption and cation exchange properties of granulated nano zeolite Y.
Conclusion This study showed that the use of binder of bentonite significantly affected the adsorption and cation exchange properties of granulated nano zeolite.

Generally, mechanical properties of altered rock determine the stability and security of underground engineering.
As the tunnel passed through water-rich altered rock, the stability of excavation surface can be affected by the change in stress state caused by the changes in physical and mechanical properties of altered rocks coupled with water softening effect, hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure.
Supporting structure was chosen according to the equivalent bending stiffness factor EI.
Altered rock has several special properties such as brittle, large gap, alternate hardness, argillation and water swelling.

The rate of deformation is a function of the time, the temperature, the applied load and the material properties.
Stress increases during deformation as τ = τ0 ехр(а/ks) under tensile loading with the change of the cross-section of the sample and stress decreases as τ = τ0 ехр(–а/ks) in under compression loading, here ks»2 is Sachs factor.
The initial temperature and density of dislocations affects the creep processes.
Ji, Heat Treatments Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Industrial Drawn Copper Wires, Advanced Materials Research, 811 (2013) 9-13
Zolotorevskii, Mechanical Properties of Metals.

Repointing mortars usually have better mechanical properties than the original mortar, but the use of compatible mortars guarantees a better performance of the intervention and durability of the structure [4].
Several researchers pointed out that repointing did not affect axial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of masonry walls ([4], [6], [8], [10]).
The materials and the confinement procedures were the same, with the exception of the mortar joint mechanical properties (in [18] the compressive and flexural tensile strength were 10.1 MPa and 3.53 MPa, respectively, while in [1] they were 5.60 MPa and 0.22 Mpa, respectively).
Modena, Strengthening of Masonry Structures under Compressive Loads by FRP Strips : Local-Global Mechanical Behaviour, Sci.
Modena, Mechanical behaviour of historic masonry structures strengthened by bed joints structural repointing, Constr.

For dense flow absorber, the main factors which affect its operational reliability include: the abrasion of desulfurized fly ash to inner surface and other internals inside of dense flow absorber; the deposition of desulfurized fly ash on inner surface, ash hopper wall and internals inside of dense flow absorber[6].
The particle of desulfurized fly ash is spoiled when it moves along inner surface and internals on account of mechanical action[7].
In reality, there are many the factors which affect abrasion, including environmental factor (e.g. humidity, temperature and medium, etc), lubrication condition, working condition (load, velocity and motion mode), composition of materials and textures, as well as physicochemical property of workpiece surface, etc.
A small change of each factor could lead to the change of abrasion loss, and therefore change abrasion mechanism.

Nevertheless, the boron addition could also have influence on the structure and microstructure of the alloy, and could thus adversely affect mechanical properties and/or high-temperature stability.
Processing via severe plastic deformation introduces crystallographic defects to the alloy, which results in changes in its mechanical as well as other properties.
In order to obtain information important for tuning the microstructure and properties, the post-process heat treatment was done in situ during neutron diffraction experiment with a Ti-Zr alloy which underwent severe plastic deformation.
Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is one of the severe plastic deformation methods widely used to refine structural units and enhance the properties of bio-applicable alloys [9,10].
Along with the elevated temperature, further factor which lowers yield stress is the strength decrease due to diminishing number of dislocations during annealing (recovery).

However, when this work was extended to other thinner plate specimens it was found that at these higher frequencies, the cyanoacrylate adhesive (M-Bond 200) used to attach the FBG sensors to the plate was significantly affecting the propagation of the waves.
Laser vibrometry was used to characterise the wave-field in the region surrounding the adhesive and it was found that the self-adhesive retro-reflective tape applied to aid with this measurement was also affecting the wavefield in the higher frequency regime.
The degree of influence of the surface layer appears to be a function of its material properties, the frequency of the incoming wave and the thickness and footprint of the surface layer relative to the base material thickness.
Thus, awareness of the influence of the dimensions and material properties of the sensor and adhesive layer become critical, particularly in the high frequency regime.
The exact cause for this is unknown but a number of likely factors were identified as follows: imperfect co-location of the PZT pair; inhomogeneities in the epoxy bond line; bond line asymmetry of the PZT pair and distortion of the drive signal as a result of the high gain at which the amplifier was operating.

Polyethylene films are mostly used to cover the soil in order to improve soil function quality and to maintain microclimatic environment during cultivation especially in seasonal areas where weather factors are changing dramatically over the year.
The abandonement of conventional polyethylene bags on the field can cause soil infertility thus affected the newly replanted seedlings and agitation of new root developments.
It is shown that polypropylene degradation can be induced with UV radiation [6] thus the same mechanism could be provoked in polyethylene based plastics due to their similarities in structural properties.
RM master batch is suitable for blow extrusion with wide range of properties in terms of process ability and mechanical properties [6].
Dey., Structural and thermal properties of HDPE/n-AlN polymer nanocomposites, J Therm Anal Calorim, 118 (2014) 1513–1530.