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Online since: July 2016
Authors: Yu Feng Chen, Hai Long Liang, Yan Xia Wu, Xin Chen, Jie Tang, Chun Lin Zhao
Because the powder catalyst don’t have a certain kind of shape and mechanical strength, it is difficult to apply in industry.
We can see that preparation method significantly affects the catalytic performance of catalysts.
As concerning the factors affecting activity, Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method which can enhance the dispersion of CeO2 and MnOx, increase the surface area, present high denitrification activity, as they may provide more surface active sites to adsorb O2 and NO from the gas phase and then release activated oxygen species[5].
As a good oxygen reservoir, ceria (CeO2) has aroused great interest of researchers because of its oxygen storage and reducing properties.
It can be due to various factors that the subsequent decline in the surface area upon thermal treatment at higher temperatures, such as growth of crystallite size, formation of various mixed oxide phases, and sintering.
We can see that preparation method significantly affects the catalytic performance of catalysts.
As concerning the factors affecting activity, Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method which can enhance the dispersion of CeO2 and MnOx, increase the surface area, present high denitrification activity, as they may provide more surface active sites to adsorb O2 and NO from the gas phase and then release activated oxygen species[5].
As a good oxygen reservoir, ceria (CeO2) has aroused great interest of researchers because of its oxygen storage and reducing properties.
It can be due to various factors that the subsequent decline in the surface area upon thermal treatment at higher temperatures, such as growth of crystallite size, formation of various mixed oxide phases, and sintering.
Online since: February 2008
Authors: Marc Sabater, Joaquim Ciurana, Maria Luisa Garcia-Romeu
That first step is to studying the variables that have
influence on extrusion process, especially in those that affect billet temperature and extrusion speed.
The extrusion ratio of a shape is a clear indication of the amount of mechanical working that will occur as the shape is extruded.
These factors are difficult to control, so the following parameters are commonly used for characterized the extruded shapes according to geometry complexity (ASM handbook, Forming).
Shape factor.
It has also been added the consideration of two of the most usual material properties in extrusion in accordance with the type of alloy: elongation (A) and material strength (Rm).
The extrusion ratio of a shape is a clear indication of the amount of mechanical working that will occur as the shape is extruded.
These factors are difficult to control, so the following parameters are commonly used for characterized the extruded shapes according to geometry complexity (ASM handbook, Forming).
Shape factor.
It has also been added the consideration of two of the most usual material properties in extrusion in accordance with the type of alloy: elongation (A) and material strength (Rm).
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Pei Yu Zhang, Yan Li
The performances of CMUTs are strongly dependent on the geometrical properties of the single cells and their arrangement within each element as well.
Electrostatic interactions for 3-D coupled-field simulations are also performed to help investigate the electro-mechanical properties of the CMUTs.
Design and simulation The properties of CMUTs mainly rely on the geometrical profile of single elements as well the schemes within each cells.
Those above should result in CMUTs with good and stable properties.
E.Powers “A new imaging technique based on the nonlinear properties of tissues,” in Proc.
Electrostatic interactions for 3-D coupled-field simulations are also performed to help investigate the electro-mechanical properties of the CMUTs.
Design and simulation The properties of CMUTs mainly rely on the geometrical profile of single elements as well the schemes within each cells.
Those above should result in CMUTs with good and stable properties.
E.Powers “A new imaging technique based on the nonlinear properties of tissues,” in Proc.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Kiatfa Tangchaichit, Panupich Kheunkhieo
The contact pressure would directly affect its retention torque.
The factor being studied was the speed used to fire the ball, the size of the ball, and the direction of the shooting.
The analysis of the ball swaging process chose to use Solid 164 element type with 8 nodes that had 9 degrees independent of freedom. 1.3 Define materials properties The quality of the materials could be determined in two ways.
The material properties were displayed in table 1.
Table 1 Shows the materials properties 1.4 Boundary Condition The steps to determine the boundary condition for finite element method involved determining the boundary condition in accordance with the type of the ball swaging process as closed as possible.
The factor being studied was the speed used to fire the ball, the size of the ball, and the direction of the shooting.
The analysis of the ball swaging process chose to use Solid 164 element type with 8 nodes that had 9 degrees independent of freedom. 1.3 Define materials properties The quality of the materials could be determined in two ways.
The material properties were displayed in table 1.
Table 1 Shows the materials properties 1.4 Boundary Condition The steps to determine the boundary condition for finite element method involved determining the boundary condition in accordance with the type of the ball swaging process as closed as possible.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: Xin Ding, Raul Manuel Esteves Sousa Fangueiro, S.H. Chen, H.L. Yi, J. Ni
Therefore,
based on the hypothesis of orthotropic, elastic and linear materials, there is an easy way to estimate
the bi-axial tensile properties of woven membrane materials in the leading direction only through
the uni-axial tensile tests.
The tensile modulus of the materials under bi-axial or even more complicated stress condition is an essential mechanical property for the design of tensile structure, a typical membrane structure for roofs.
Due to orthotropic character of woven coated fabrics, the tensile properties under bi-axial loading are greatly affected by the stress ratio of the two perpendicular directions.
How to present and predict the tensile properties of woven membrane materials under bi-axial loading in an appropriate and applicable way?
Besides, in this prediction model, only the tensile properties of the materials under the uni-axial load are involved.
The tensile modulus of the materials under bi-axial or even more complicated stress condition is an essential mechanical property for the design of tensile structure, a typical membrane structure for roofs.
Due to orthotropic character of woven coated fabrics, the tensile properties under bi-axial loading are greatly affected by the stress ratio of the two perpendicular directions.
How to present and predict the tensile properties of woven membrane materials under bi-axial loading in an appropriate and applicable way?
Besides, in this prediction model, only the tensile properties of the materials under the uni-axial load are involved.
Online since: June 2016
Authors: Emmy Dyah Sulistyowati, I Ketut Okariawan, Mirmanto Mirmanto
Effect of Mass Flow Rate on Dryer Room Radiator Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer
Mirmantoa, Emmy Dyah Sulistyowatib, I Ketut Okariawanc
Mechanical Engineering Department, Mataram University, Jl.
To validate the pressure transducer, flow friction factor, f, is examined using equation below
The laminar friction factor data can be predicted using laminar friction factor theory (Darcy friction factor) with a MAE of 0.068 or (6.8%), while in turbulent flows, the experimental friction factor data compared with the Blasius correlation results in a MAE of 0.048 or (4.8%).
This is a consequence of water property dependence or effect of fluid properties on the pressure drop, see Fig. 3b.
The decrease/increase ΔT affects the heat transfer rate to decrease/increase.
To validate the pressure transducer, flow friction factor, f, is examined using equation below
The laminar friction factor data can be predicted using laminar friction factor theory (Darcy friction factor) with a MAE of 0.068 or (6.8%), while in turbulent flows, the experimental friction factor data compared with the Blasius correlation results in a MAE of 0.048 or (4.8%).
This is a consequence of water property dependence or effect of fluid properties on the pressure drop, see Fig. 3b.
The decrease/increase ΔT affects the heat transfer rate to decrease/increase.
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Liliana Porojan, Aurora Antoniac, Lucian Rusu, Cristina Savencu, Sorin Porojan, Adrian Boloș, Sebastian Gradinaru
Studies suggest another approach for the improvement and development of new dental ceramics, since the crystalline phase is not the only important factor in determining the mechanical properties and especially slow crack growth susceptibility.
Changes in the glassy matrix composition of veneering materials can result in better mechanical properties and greater resistance to slow crack propagation [21, 39].
Green, An introduction to the mechanical properties of ceramics.
Wachtman Jr, Mechanical properties of ceramics.
Rowcliffe, Evaluation of mechanical properties of dental ceramic core materials in combination with porcelains.
Changes in the glassy matrix composition of veneering materials can result in better mechanical properties and greater resistance to slow crack propagation [21, 39].
Green, An introduction to the mechanical properties of ceramics.
Wachtman Jr, Mechanical properties of ceramics.
Rowcliffe, Evaluation of mechanical properties of dental ceramic core materials in combination with porcelains.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Hong Zhong Ru, Ran Ran Zhao
The results show that besides carbon black volume fraction, sand-binder ratio is a key factor affecting double percolation behavior in carbon black-filled cement-based composites.
Among this kind of new functional materials, carbon black-filled cement-based composites (CBCC) and carbon fiber reinforced cement-based composites (CFRC) stand out and show excellent mechanical and electrical performance.
In order to utilize CBCC as a kind of functional materials into practice, its electrically conductive property needs to be studied systematically.
This is mainly because that at a fixed carbon black volume fraction in mortar, even though high sand-binder ratio obstructs the percolation of cement paste though aggregates, the carbon black particles are almost limited in the cement paste, a relative small colloid space, due to the impenetrable microstructure of aggregate, that is, the carbon black content in paste is compacted and large amount of conductive paths in the paste are generated by lapped adjacent carbon black particles, so the conductive property of carbon black-filled cement paste will be enhanced.
Among this kind of new functional materials, carbon black-filled cement-based composites (CBCC) and carbon fiber reinforced cement-based composites (CFRC) stand out and show excellent mechanical and electrical performance.
In order to utilize CBCC as a kind of functional materials into practice, its electrically conductive property needs to be studied systematically.
This is mainly because that at a fixed carbon black volume fraction in mortar, even though high sand-binder ratio obstructs the percolation of cement paste though aggregates, the carbon black particles are almost limited in the cement paste, a relative small colloid space, due to the impenetrable microstructure of aggregate, that is, the carbon black content in paste is compacted and large amount of conductive paths in the paste are generated by lapped adjacent carbon black particles, so the conductive property of carbon black-filled cement paste will be enhanced.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yu Wang, Zhen Luo
The capability of the engine to work efficiently in conditions at different altitude with the variant of air density is a critical factor related to higher operational ceiling.
Table 3 Analytical value of operational range versus the results from CFD simulation Altitude [ft] Rotational speed [rpm] Expected operational range: Mass flow rate [kg/s] Real operational range Mass flow rate [kg/s] Surge point Choke point Surge point Choke point 10,000 77218.6 0.12054 0.15496 0.128274 0.156779 20,000 74318.6 0.07902 0.10753 0.089066 0.108858 25,000 72800 0.06444 0.08845 0.073516 0.089853 Total isentropic properties are used for the efficiency definition in this case, as both pressure and velocity at the stage outlet are a useful form of energy in a gas turbine.
Meanwhile the work efficiency of the compressor can be affected by the conditions at lower temperature and lower pressure.
Nomenclature η Efficiency T Temperature P Pressure K Specific air ratio W Work h Enthalpy N Rotational speed of impeller Mass flow rate Subscripts th Thermal properties res Reference value pre Predict value Reference [1] Z.A.
Ling, Compressor for Miniature Unmanned Aerospace Propulsion Systems, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering: PHD thesis, the University of Sydney, 2009
Table 3 Analytical value of operational range versus the results from CFD simulation Altitude [ft] Rotational speed [rpm] Expected operational range: Mass flow rate [kg/s] Real operational range Mass flow rate [kg/s] Surge point Choke point Surge point Choke point 10,000 77218.6 0.12054 0.15496 0.128274 0.156779 20,000 74318.6 0.07902 0.10753 0.089066 0.108858 25,000 72800 0.06444 0.08845 0.073516 0.089853 Total isentropic properties are used for the efficiency definition in this case, as both pressure and velocity at the stage outlet are a useful form of energy in a gas turbine.
Meanwhile the work efficiency of the compressor can be affected by the conditions at lower temperature and lower pressure.
Nomenclature η Efficiency T Temperature P Pressure K Specific air ratio W Work h Enthalpy N Rotational speed of impeller Mass flow rate Subscripts th Thermal properties res Reference value pre Predict value Reference [1] Z.A.
Ling, Compressor for Miniature Unmanned Aerospace Propulsion Systems, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering: PHD thesis, the University of Sydney, 2009
Online since: September 2023
Authors: Namrata Sarania, Ankush S. Marodkar, Hemant Borkar
This led to increase in hardness and could also further provide better mechanical properties [16-17].
Ding, Effect of Ca content and rheo-squeeze casting parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91−1Ce−xCa alloys, Trans.
Higashi, Effects of Ca and Sr addition on mechanical properties of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at room and elevated temperature, Mater.
Zhu, The effect of Ca and rare earth elements on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AZ91D, Mater.
Elen, A Comparative Study on Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of A4, AE41, AS41 and AJ41 Magnesium Alloys, J.
Ding, Effect of Ca content and rheo-squeeze casting parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91−1Ce−xCa alloys, Trans.
Higashi, Effects of Ca and Sr addition on mechanical properties of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at room and elevated temperature, Mater.
Zhu, The effect of Ca and rare earth elements on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AZ91D, Mater.
Elen, A Comparative Study on Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of A4, AE41, AS41 and AJ41 Magnesium Alloys, J.