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Online since: October 2007
Authors: Kunio Funami, Yasuaki Nagata, M. Noda, Hideharu Shimizu, H. Mori
A l Z n M n F e S i C u N i M g
c a s t 3.13 0.90 0.55 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.0002 b a l
e xtru d e d 3.00 0.89 0.50 0.002 0.028 0.0016 0.0008 b a lThis data was generated by an electron backscatter diffraction pattern (EBSP) analysis.
In other words, this data indicates that the material in the extrusion direction has a lower crack propagation rate than that in the perpendicular direction at the same stress amplitude.
This indicates a reduction in the anisotropy, as was observed in the tensile test results.
Considering the fatigue limits and the maximum stress amplitudes are improved in the processed materials, improvements in fatigue strength are possible with only a small reduction in the grain size.
In other words, this data indicates that the material in the extrusion direction has a lower crack propagation rate than that in the perpendicular direction at the same stress amplitude.
This indicates a reduction in the anisotropy, as was observed in the tensile test results.
Considering the fatigue limits and the maximum stress amplitudes are improved in the processed materials, improvements in fatigue strength are possible with only a small reduction in the grain size.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Xiao Cai Yu, Peng Fei Zhu, Yue Xia Chen, Jun Wang, Zong Fu An
For all the samples, the reduction in the initial cadmium ions concentration of the cadmium ions began to happen.
It indicates that with the pH values increasing, the potential between conduction band and valence band of nano-Sn0.25Ti0.75O2 has been decreased, the reduction of the photo-electron has been enhanced, the oxidation of the hole hans been decreased, which advancing the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of cadmium[8].
The design matrix and experimental data were listed in Table. 1.
1.5 7.0 98.13 5 1 3 2.0 5.0 80.04 6 10 3 1.0 6.0 97.23 7 10 4 2.0 6.0 97.01 8 20 4 1.0 7.0 98.02 9 1 4 1.5 5.0 88.24 K1 80.80 88.54 89.85 89.81 K2 95.65 91.68 93.04 90.21 K3 98.13 94.38 91.71 94.58 R 17.34 5.84 3.19 4.77 From the mathematical processing of the data
It indicates that with the pH values increasing, the potential between conduction band and valence band of nano-Sn0.25Ti0.75O2 has been decreased, the reduction of the photo-electron has been enhanced, the oxidation of the hole hans been decreased, which advancing the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of cadmium[8].
The design matrix and experimental data were listed in Table. 1.
1.5 7.0 98.13 5 1 3 2.0 5.0 80.04 6 10 3 1.0 6.0 97.23 7 10 4 2.0 6.0 97.01 8 20 4 1.0 7.0 98.02 9 1 4 1.5 5.0 88.24 K1 80.80 88.54 89.85 89.81 K2 95.65 91.68 93.04 90.21 K3 98.13 94.38 91.71 94.58 R 17.34 5.84 3.19 4.77 From the mathematical processing of the data
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Hua Xi Lu, Ping Ying Liang, Hai Feng Jiang, Bi Tao Wu
It is found that approaches proposed by Veletsos and Bielak to predict the flexible-base period can reliably predict the effect of inertial interaction but are limited to single degree of freedom oscillators on the basis of data recorded on 57 building covering a wide range of structural and geotechnical conditions [5].
Consequently, by using a large number of recorded data obtained from earthquake, FEMA450 provides an approximate method that can be used to estimate the period, with minimal information available on the design [8].
And National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (U.
And National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (U.
Consequently, by using a large number of recorded data obtained from earthquake, FEMA450 provides an approximate method that can be used to estimate the period, with minimal information available on the design [8].
And National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (U.
And National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (U.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Giovanna Rotella, Stefania Rizzuti, Paolo Claudio Priarone, Luca Settineri
The obtained experimental data for dry tests on tool wear, surface roughness and hardness were analyzed and some models were derived, able to predict the above-mentioned variables as function of the cutting parameters.
An analysis was also carried out on the hardness experimental data and a full quadratic model was derived for the surface hardness.
On the other hand, there are important functions of cutting fluids such as the reduction of temperature in cutting zone and the reduction of the friction, the cleaning of tools and workpiece, the transport/evacuation of chips, etc.
An analysis was also carried out on the hardness experimental data and a full quadratic model was derived for the surface hardness.
On the other hand, there are important functions of cutting fluids such as the reduction of temperature in cutting zone and the reduction of the friction, the cleaning of tools and workpiece, the transport/evacuation of chips, etc.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Xiao Heng Zhang, Jian Yong Zhou, Guang Cai Gong
It can be shown by some Relevant data that building energy consumption accounts for 20.7% of the total social consumption and HVAC energy consumption accounts for 50%~60% of the building energy consumption[3,4].Therefore, the research on the new energy-saving technology in the HVAC field is very important.
The COPw is around 1.3 and up to 1.8.Its change trend complies with the temperature difference of inlet and outlet in the heat recovery plate exchanger.The COPa+w improves by 50% than the coefficient of performance in the refrigeration mode.The time-varying reduction of COPa leads to its reduction.
[8] Lee A H W ,Jones J W.Performance data for a desuperheater integrated to a thermal energy storage system.
The COPw is around 1.3 and up to 1.8.Its change trend complies with the temperature difference of inlet and outlet in the heat recovery plate exchanger.The COPa+w improves by 50% than the coefficient of performance in the refrigeration mode.The time-varying reduction of COPa leads to its reduction.
[8] Lee A H W ,Jones J W.Performance data for a desuperheater integrated to a thermal energy storage system.
Online since: December 2006
Authors: Kuk Tae Youn, Young Mok Rhyim, Wee Do Yoo, Jong Hoon Lee
Although much engineering data on 17-4 PH stainless steel are available
and investigations on microstructures and mechanical properties of this alloy, heat treated to
different conditions, have been reported in the literature.
It is respected that reduction rate of δ-ferrite saturated as homogenizing time is longer.
However, on the whole, the range of data fluctuation was small.
Time (hr) As-received δ-ferrite v.f. (%) After heat treatment δ- ferrite v.f. (%) Reduction rate (%) 0.5 17.8 11.4 35.9 1 16.4 5.6 65.8 3 19.5 4.2 78.5 5 18.0 2.47 86.3 0 1 2 3 4 5 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.2% Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation Time (hours) Strength (MPa) 6 8 10 12 Elongation (%) 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 5 10 15 20 Impact Energy Hardness Time Impact Energy �J/cm2 � 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Hardness (HRC) (a) (b) Fig. 2.
It is respected that reduction rate of δ-ferrite saturated as homogenizing time is longer.
However, on the whole, the range of data fluctuation was small.
Time (hr) As-received δ-ferrite v.f. (%) After heat treatment δ- ferrite v.f. (%) Reduction rate (%) 0.5 17.8 11.4 35.9 1 16.4 5.6 65.8 3 19.5 4.2 78.5 5 18.0 2.47 86.3 0 1 2 3 4 5 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.2% Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation Time (hours) Strength (MPa) 6 8 10 12 Elongation (%) 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 5 10 15 20 Impact Energy Hardness Time Impact Energy �J/cm2 � 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Hardness (HRC) (a) (b) Fig. 2.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Guo Wei, Peng Fei Zhang, Xing Wu Long, Xu Dong Yu, Yuan Pin Xie, Geng Li
The installation frame which contains the suspension system, ISA and assorted circuits (which include power supply module and sensors data requiring and processing module are not shown for the sake of clarity) is fixed firmly on the base.
The experiment result is shown in table 1: Table.1 The precision differences between single DRLG and within the IMU Temperature state X gyro[°/h] Y gyro[°/h] Z gyro[°/h] 20°C Single DRLG 0.0088 0.0090 0.0093 Within the IMU 0.0113 0.0121 0.0107 -40°C Single DRLG 0.0116 0.0108 0.0094 Within the IMU 0.0131 0.0106 0.0128 65°C Single DRLG 0.0114 0.0098 0.0088 Within the IMU 0.0090 0.0137 0.0112 Range (°/h) 0.0043 0.0047 0.0040 As we can seen in table 1, there are three facts listed below: 1) all three DRLGs are working perfectly; 2) comparing to the precision of single DRLG, degradation is really occurred when the DRLGs are working in the IMU, there are some residues of uncertainty errors such as manufacture mismatch, rubber isolator deformation and so on, but the range is about 0.005°/h and all of the experiment precision are higher than 1.5% °/h; 3) furthermore, considering the data are sampled directly, temperature compensation can be applied by using many mature algorithms which
Coleman, Tuned support structure forstructure-borne noise reduction of inertial navigator with dithered Ring Laser Gyros (RLG), in: Proc.
Brazell, Acoustic noise reduction in the MK49 Ship’s Inertial Navigation System (SINS), in: Proc.
The experiment result is shown in table 1: Table.1 The precision differences between single DRLG and within the IMU Temperature state X gyro[°/h] Y gyro[°/h] Z gyro[°/h] 20°C Single DRLG 0.0088 0.0090 0.0093 Within the IMU 0.0113 0.0121 0.0107 -40°C Single DRLG 0.0116 0.0108 0.0094 Within the IMU 0.0131 0.0106 0.0128 65°C Single DRLG 0.0114 0.0098 0.0088 Within the IMU 0.0090 0.0137 0.0112 Range (°/h) 0.0043 0.0047 0.0040 As we can seen in table 1, there are three facts listed below: 1) all three DRLGs are working perfectly; 2) comparing to the precision of single DRLG, degradation is really occurred when the DRLGs are working in the IMU, there are some residues of uncertainty errors such as manufacture mismatch, rubber isolator deformation and so on, but the range is about 0.005°/h and all of the experiment precision are higher than 1.5% °/h; 3) furthermore, considering the data are sampled directly, temperature compensation can be applied by using many mature algorithms which
Coleman, Tuned support structure forstructure-borne noise reduction of inertial navigator with dithered Ring Laser Gyros (RLG), in: Proc.
Brazell, Acoustic noise reduction in the MK49 Ship’s Inertial Navigation System (SINS), in: Proc.
Online since: May 2023
Authors: Birgit Kallinger, Philip Hens, Christian Kranert, Kevin M. Albrecht, Jürgen Erlekampf
Therefore, a reduction of material usage for substrates is highly desirable to reduce device costs.
During the epitaxial growth process, in-situ data of temperature profiles and wafer curvature was recorded.
The data were further processed with a second order flattening and Rq value extraction.
For example, we observe the propagation of almost all TSDs into the epitaxial layer with the expected small reduction of TSD density after epitaxy [7] (see Figure 3).
During the epitaxial growth process, in-situ data of temperature profiles and wafer curvature was recorded.
The data were further processed with a second order flattening and Rq value extraction.
For example, we observe the propagation of almost all TSDs into the epitaxial layer with the expected small reduction of TSD density after epitaxy [7] (see Figure 3).
Online since: March 2023
Authors: N.O. Shaposhnikov, Daria A. Strekalovskaya, Anna Nikolaeva, Natalya A. Devyaterikova, Anton S. Tsvetkov
The result of hydrogen charging is embrittlement and reduction of metal plasticity [9, 10].
Hydrogen charging leads to reduction of the length of the flow site, sections of uniform and localized deformation.
Which is good, considering the eight-hour working day of the laboratory and allows to obtain the necessary data for the study of the process of hydrogen charging by electrochemical method more effective.
The kinetics of hydrogen charging, according to literary data [1-11] and own tests, depending on the current density, duration of charging, material, used equipment and modes.
Hydrogen charging leads to reduction of the length of the flow site, sections of uniform and localized deformation.
Which is good, considering the eight-hour working day of the laboratory and allows to obtain the necessary data for the study of the process of hydrogen charging by electrochemical method more effective.
The kinetics of hydrogen charging, according to literary data [1-11] and own tests, depending on the current density, duration of charging, material, used equipment and modes.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Biao Zhang, Guo Rong Sun, Xue Li Wu, Gang Chen, Jian Bo Wang, Wen Zhong Cao, Qun Du
Statistical analysis of data
Sigmaplot2000 statistical software was used to do relative-analysis and to draw graph, in which each data in the graph was the average of six repeatedly measured values.
There is significant relationship among GST activity of chloroplast, osmotic potential of the seedling leaves and Na2CO3 concentration of culture solution, and among GST activity of chloroplast and O2-. produce rate as well as osmotic potential of seedling leaves, and among GST activity and osmotic potential of culture solution and seedling leaves, and among GST activity of chloroplast and the O2-. produce rate as well as relative electric conductance of the seedling leaves(Fig.9, 10, 11 and Fig.12), which indicates that under the condition of Na2CO3 stress, Na2CO3 stress firstly causes the change of osmotic potential of culture solution of seedlings of P. tenuiflora, then leads to the reduction of osmotic potential of seedling leaves of P. tenuiflora, on one hand, does injury to membrane permeability, on the other hand, the change of osmotic potential of seedling leaves finally affects GST activity of chloroplast and O2-. produce rate.
This does suggest that the function of some plant GSTs might be the reduction of toxic fatty acid hydroperoxides formed during normal cellular metabolism or as a result of oxidative stress[37].
There is significant relationship among GST activity of chloroplast, osmotic potential of the seedling leaves and Na2CO3 concentration of culture solution, and among GST activity of chloroplast and O2-. produce rate as well as osmotic potential of seedling leaves, and among GST activity and osmotic potential of culture solution and seedling leaves, and among GST activity of chloroplast and the O2-. produce rate as well as relative electric conductance of the seedling leaves(Fig.9, 10, 11 and Fig.12), which indicates that under the condition of Na2CO3 stress, Na2CO3 stress firstly causes the change of osmotic potential of culture solution of seedlings of P. tenuiflora, then leads to the reduction of osmotic potential of seedling leaves of P. tenuiflora, on one hand, does injury to membrane permeability, on the other hand, the change of osmotic potential of seedling leaves finally affects GST activity of chloroplast and O2-. produce rate.
This does suggest that the function of some plant GSTs might be the reduction of toxic fatty acid hydroperoxides formed during normal cellular metabolism or as a result of oxidative stress[37].