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Online since: June 2013
Authors: Chun Xiao Fan, Ran Li, Jun Wei Zou, Ye Qiao Wang
The former is related with the network establishing, the node joins and data transmission; the latter responsible for data validation, data analysis and data storage.
In turn, if a long single, sink node working in data processing and data storage singly and centralized will also consume energy.
Aggregation part was responsible for data transmission, and processing part for data parsing and filter.
Therefore reduction of energy loss each working cycle of dynamic node can effectively extend the working time of it. 4.
The test data is follow.
In turn, if a long single, sink node working in data processing and data storage singly and centralized will also consume energy.
Aggregation part was responsible for data transmission, and processing part for data parsing and filter.
Therefore reduction of energy loss each working cycle of dynamic node can effectively extend the working time of it. 4.
The test data is follow.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Peng Tao Xue, Yan Na Ren, Zhi Hui Feng, Ming Jie Li
Design of the system consists of three layers C/S (client/Server) framework. and its system structure is shown in figure 1 .The data center control system is the core of data processing system, and exchanges data with the remaining subsystem.
e) data local-storage The system will store traffic records in the local storage to avoid data lose when network disconnects occasionally .If network disconnects temporarily, it can store data temporarily in local and make a logo, when network connections go back to normal that will put these data that are not uploaded to upload to the data center again .
System log data are stored in local and are sent to data center when while network connection is normal.
Camera video data will also be in the local store [6], the data received from data center will also save in local.
f) data interaction Data exchange is done between ETC system and data center.
e) data local-storage The system will store traffic records in the local storage to avoid data lose when network disconnects occasionally .If network disconnects temporarily, it can store data temporarily in local and make a logo, when network connections go back to normal that will put these data that are not uploaded to upload to the data center again .
System log data are stored in local and are sent to data center when while network connection is normal.
Camera video data will also be in the local store [6], the data received from data center will also save in local.
f) data interaction Data exchange is done between ETC system and data center.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Ye Zhuang Tian, Xin Xing Zhang
This research use the data of International Manufacturing Strategy Survey(IMSS) in 2009 as samples to reveal the relationship between WCM practises and enterprise performance and to discover the effect of different countries on the above-mentioned relationship, based on hierarchy regression analysis method.
The data used for this research is from the Fifth Survey of International Manufacturing Strategy Survey(IMSS-V) in 2009.
The data used in this paper is tested by reliability analysis in order to ensure the scientificity and rationality of this research.
The result of the analysis shows that the Cronbach's coefficient is 0.933, which means the reliability of the data is very good.
Kumar: Industrial Management & Data Systems Vol. 106(2006), p. 256-280 [18] I.P.S.
The data used for this research is from the Fifth Survey of International Manufacturing Strategy Survey(IMSS-V) in 2009.
The data used in this paper is tested by reliability analysis in order to ensure the scientificity and rationality of this research.
The result of the analysis shows that the Cronbach's coefficient is 0.933, which means the reliability of the data is very good.
Kumar: Industrial Management & Data Systems Vol. 106(2006), p. 256-280 [18] I.P.S.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: K. Lázár, K. Havancsák, Tran Quoc Dung, Z. Kajcsos
An attempt is made to correlate the data with sites occupied by iron in the framework as derived from Mössbauer studies.
The data collection chains on the LT spectrometer consisted of standard ORTEC and TENNELEC units. 16k Oxford Microfast multichannel PC card was used for data collection.
For better visual comparison the data are shown in double logarithmic plots.
These data show that the microporous structure is rather dense, the effect of presence of iron and even the distinction among the influence of FW and EFW siting is not obvious from the present data.
More general conclusions can also be drawn by comparing the obtained data.
The data collection chains on the LT spectrometer consisted of standard ORTEC and TENNELEC units. 16k Oxford Microfast multichannel PC card was used for data collection.
For better visual comparison the data are shown in double logarithmic plots.
These data show that the microporous structure is rather dense, the effect of presence of iron and even the distinction among the influence of FW and EFW siting is not obvious from the present data.
More general conclusions can also be drawn by comparing the obtained data.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Koshiro Aoki, Akira Azushima
Fig.10 shows the critical reduction in height of the
as-received specimen and after 1, 2 and 3 passes.
For the specimens after 1 and 2 passes, the critical Ferrite phase Pearlite phase 0.25%C 0.50%C Fig.9 TEM micrographs of the ferrite and pearlite microstructures of 0.25%C steel sample with HV262 and 0.50%C sample with HV337 after 3 passes and heat treatment [13] HV262 HV337 0.5µm reduction in height becomes smaller a little compared with the as-received specimen.
It was 0 1 2 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 Number of Shear Deformation Critical Upsetting Reduction / % Fig.10 Critical upsetting reduction in height of as-received specimen and specimens after 1, 2 and 3 passes of 0.50% carbon steel 103 104 105 106 107 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 As-received After 3 passes (HV384) After heat treatment (HV337) After heat treatment (HV288) Number of cycle Applied stress / Tensile strength Fig.11 S-N curves of as-received specimen and specimen after 3 passes of 0.50%C steel [14] Fig.12 Relationship between the load ratio of (applied stress)/(tensile strength) and number of cycles on fatigue tests [14] 103 104 105 106 107 0 500 1000 1500 As-received After 3 passes (HV384) After heat treatment (HV337) After heat treatment (HV288) Number of cycle Applied stress / MPa Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) increased by a factor of 2 after 3passes for 0.50% carbon steel and the value was
(4) The critical reduction in height in upsetting test for the specimen of 0.50% carbon steel after 3 passes was similar to that of the as received specimen
Moreover, lot of data of secondary formability such as upsettability and roll formability is necessary in practical use for the structural application.
For the specimens after 1 and 2 passes, the critical Ferrite phase Pearlite phase 0.25%C 0.50%C Fig.9 TEM micrographs of the ferrite and pearlite microstructures of 0.25%C steel sample with HV262 and 0.50%C sample with HV337 after 3 passes and heat treatment [13] HV262 HV337 0.5µm reduction in height becomes smaller a little compared with the as-received specimen.
It was 0 1 2 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 Number of Shear Deformation Critical Upsetting Reduction / % Fig.10 Critical upsetting reduction in height of as-received specimen and specimens after 1, 2 and 3 passes of 0.50% carbon steel 103 104 105 106 107 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 As-received After 3 passes (HV384) After heat treatment (HV337) After heat treatment (HV288) Number of cycle Applied stress / Tensile strength Fig.11 S-N curves of as-received specimen and specimen after 3 passes of 0.50%C steel [14] Fig.12 Relationship between the load ratio of (applied stress)/(tensile strength) and number of cycles on fatigue tests [14] 103 104 105 106 107 0 500 1000 1500 As-received After 3 passes (HV384) After heat treatment (HV337) After heat treatment (HV288) Number of cycle Applied stress / MPa Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) increased by a factor of 2 after 3passes for 0.50% carbon steel and the value was
(4) The critical reduction in height in upsetting test for the specimen of 0.50% carbon steel after 3 passes was similar to that of the as received specimen
Moreover, lot of data of secondary formability such as upsettability and roll formability is necessary in practical use for the structural application.
Online since: February 2026
Authors: Serhii Bobyr, Ihor Chuiko, Eduard Parusov, Eduard Oliinyk, Viktor Zhukov
This is due to the active technological modernization of hardware factories and the use of modern equipment in the production process for manufacturing wire at high drawing speeds and with significant total reduction, which requires corresponding quality of the raw material (wire rod) [1, 2].
The ability of wire rod to undergo cold deformation with high total reduction during drawing, and the absence of microdefects on the surface of the finished wire, are directly related to the initial structural state of the wire rod.
According to literature data, under certain cooling conditions and depending on the chemical composition of the metal, the formation of so-called "microphases" [8–11] or MAC-phases [12–14] can be observed in welded joints and heat-affected zones of welded steel components.
Conclusion It has been established that an unjustified reduction in the cooling rate of low-carbon Cr-Mo-V welding-grade steel wire rod at the final stage of thermomechanical processing below a certain optimal level is not advisable in terms of minimizing the amount of hard phases formed in the metal structure.
It has been shown that the observed microstructural evolution of the studied steel is due to the dynamic changes in the chemical composition of individual structural components during temperature reduction, primarily the diffusional partitioning of carbon, manganese, and silicon between the α and γ phases.
The ability of wire rod to undergo cold deformation with high total reduction during drawing, and the absence of microdefects on the surface of the finished wire, are directly related to the initial structural state of the wire rod.
According to literature data, under certain cooling conditions and depending on the chemical composition of the metal, the formation of so-called "microphases" [8–11] or MAC-phases [12–14] can be observed in welded joints and heat-affected zones of welded steel components.
Conclusion It has been established that an unjustified reduction in the cooling rate of low-carbon Cr-Mo-V welding-grade steel wire rod at the final stage of thermomechanical processing below a certain optimal level is not advisable in terms of minimizing the amount of hard phases formed in the metal structure.
It has been shown that the observed microstructural evolution of the studied steel is due to the dynamic changes in the chemical composition of individual structural components during temperature reduction, primarily the diffusional partitioning of carbon, manganese, and silicon between the α and γ phases.
Online since: August 2018
Authors: Hassan El-Hofy, Mohab Hossam, Mohamed Yassin
A significant reduction in the cutting forces was reported when VAT was applied experimentally [9].
It was found that a significant reduction in cutting forces occurred when cutting at speed below the critical one [14].
Results showed that 70% and 50% reduction in the normal and the tangential grinding forces, respectively.
Results concluded that a remarkable reduction in cutting forces and surface roughness were observed [26].
This data can be used as a guide for further experimental work.
It was found that a significant reduction in cutting forces occurred when cutting at speed below the critical one [14].
Results showed that 70% and 50% reduction in the normal and the tangential grinding forces, respectively.
Results concluded that a remarkable reduction in cutting forces and surface roughness were observed [26].
This data can be used as a guide for further experimental work.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: Ramez A. Al-Mansob, Mohd Raihan Taha, Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Jamal M.A. Alsharef
They found that compared to unreinforced saline soil, there is a reduction in the maximum dry density of reinforced soil.
Correction of data was made for the area reduction compensation.
Precision= 15.871. 3.2 Adequacy of the regression model A fit of the (Direct shear) experimental data was carried out to relatively enhance the shear stress value by avoiding poor and undesired results.
Moreover, due to the increasingly condensed counterion clouds, a growth in ionic strength would lead to a reduction in the repulsive force contribution.
Box, Statistics for experiments: an introduction to design, data analysis, and model building, 1978
Correction of data was made for the area reduction compensation.
Precision= 15.871. 3.2 Adequacy of the regression model A fit of the (Direct shear) experimental data was carried out to relatively enhance the shear stress value by avoiding poor and undesired results.
Moreover, due to the increasingly condensed counterion clouds, a growth in ionic strength would lead to a reduction in the repulsive force contribution.
Box, Statistics for experiments: an introduction to design, data analysis, and model building, 1978
Online since: September 2005
Authors: F.D. van den Berg, H.T. Ploegaert
From the HA and IP data, 4
parameters are deduced:
1.
The data shown is obtained from the top side of sample A.
Data represented stem from the backside of samples A and B.
The data in Figure 6 shows that the residual anisotropy (the unstressed data) changes in the 0...5% strain range, and stays constant at higher strains.
A fit to sin2θ as reflected by Eq. 4 appears to provide a good description of the data, leading to a significant data reduction by use of the fit parameters a0, containing the isotropic bias value, and a2, which represents the anisotropy.
The data shown is obtained from the top side of sample A.
Data represented stem from the backside of samples A and B.
The data in Figure 6 shows that the residual anisotropy (the unstressed data) changes in the 0...5% strain range, and stays constant at higher strains.
A fit to sin2θ as reflected by Eq. 4 appears to provide a good description of the data, leading to a significant data reduction by use of the fit parameters a0, containing the isotropic bias value, and a2, which represents the anisotropy.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zhi Rong Mei, Jun Wei Zhang, Ya Ting Sun
Continuous Belt Mucking Technology of China Railway Tunnel Construction
Yating Sun1, a, Zhirong Mei2, b, Junwei Zhang3, c
1China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China (100081);
2China Railway Southwest Research Institute Co.Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China (611731)
3Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China (610500)
attplum_999@163.com, bmeizhirong@vip.163.com, czhanggjunwei@gmail.com
Keywords: tunnel, drilling-blasting method, continuous belt system, mucking technology, energy-saving and emission-reduction, new belt transportation equipment
Abstract.
Table 1 listed construction speed of tunnels which are more than ten kilometres long, and the datum speak volumes for that construction efficiency is closely related with mechanization level and tunnel construction technology.
Continuous belt mucking technology is widely adopted in many contries, and it owns advantages of high automaticity, powerful conveying capacity, facile security, energy-saving and emission-reduction, etc.
The propelling energy of continuous belt mucking system is electrical energy, thus the ventilation cost could be reduced greatly because of emission-reduction.
The emission-reduction could cut down the ventilation cost consumedly.
Table 1 listed construction speed of tunnels which are more than ten kilometres long, and the datum speak volumes for that construction efficiency is closely related with mechanization level and tunnel construction technology.
Continuous belt mucking technology is widely adopted in many contries, and it owns advantages of high automaticity, powerful conveying capacity, facile security, energy-saving and emission-reduction, etc.
The propelling energy of continuous belt mucking system is electrical energy, thus the ventilation cost could be reduced greatly because of emission-reduction.
The emission-reduction could cut down the ventilation cost consumedly.