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Simulation Research on Elastic Constant and Natural Frequency of NCD Coated AFM Probes Yan Jiang1,a, Xiangfeng Li1,b, Dunwen Zuo1,c and Jiajing Yuan1,d 1 College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016 a Xiaodiandian-jy@126.com, bfxli@nuaa.edu.cn, cdzuo@jlonline.com, deragon_yuan@163.com Keywords: NCD, Simulation, AFM Probes, Elastic Constant, Natural Frequency Abstract.
Introduction Presently, the performance requirements of AFM probes mainly include [1-3] low elastic constant(10 -2～102N/m), high natural frequency(1～100KHz, for the contact-type AFM), high lateral stiffness and mechanical quality factor, mirror-smooth or electrode back of the cantilever, sharp-pointed tip and so on.
Due to the superiority properties of NCD(Nano-Crystalline Diamond) films, if we can deposit a layer of NCD film on the non-reflective surface of the probe, we will get a better wear resistance of the probe tip, at the same time guarantee a good surface quality.
Nonetheless, how the main mechanical parameters--elastic constant and natural frequency--are affected after depositing is not reported yet.

Numerous studies on the thermophysical properties of nanofluids have been conducted in order to enhance heat transmission and thermal efficiency [20-27].
Furthermore, they found that the shape of the nanoparticles is an important factor affecting the thermophysical properties of the mixture including thermal conductivity and viscosity.
The thermophysical properties of nanofluids are assumed to be constant except for the density in the buoyancy term, which is modeled using the Boussinesq approximation. 6.
Thermophysical properties of CuO/water and TiO2/water nanofluids Thermophysical properties for water H2O and used nanoparticles, TiO2 and CuO are presented in Table 1.
Thermophysical properties formulas for nanofluids: Properties Formulas Density Specific heat Volumetric expansion coefficient Thermal conductivity Maxwell [39]: Pak and Cho [41] (experimental): TiO2, Lee et al. [42] (experimental): CuO/water Viscosity Brinkman [40] Pak and Cho [41] (experimental) : TiO2/water, Nguyen et al. [43] (experimental) : CuO/water, Table 3.

This is not only a theoretical problem but also a crucial problem affect the implementation of the EIP
(4) EIP in China is faced with simple, blind, and mechanical expansion.
It aims at finding out the key factors in successfully enforcing this kind of IS programs.
The 2 key factors for the success of BPS in America are the understanding of each other’s operations and the ability of identifying opportunities.
According to these 2 key factors and the experience of the USA, as well as the present situation in China, this paper proposes a suggested framework for EIP implementation.

Various factors should be considered to obtain a proper design of the bike, especially on the frame, because it is an essential part of bicycles.
Material properties that used for analyze also varying they are AZ61 [24], Al6061 [24,27], steel [25], composite laminate [28].
Material properties of aluminum 6061 [29].
Properties Metric Unit Modulus Young (E) 68.9 GPa Poison’s ratio (n) 0.30 - Density 2.700 kg/m3 Yield Stress 276 MPa Bike manufactured.
This vertical loading condition represented by twice the weight of the driver due to the G factor.

Formation of Nano-Scale FeCO3 Protective Corrosion Product in Carbon Dioxide-Saturated 3% Sodium Chloride Solution Saeid Kakooei *1a, Mokhtar Che Ismail 2, Bothi Raja 3, Hamed Mohebbi4, Seyed Sattar Emamian5, Majid Moayedfar6 1-4Centre for Corrosion Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tron-oh31750, Malaysia 5-6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tronoh31750, Malaysia askakooei59@hotmail.com Keywords: CO2 Corrosion, Carbon Steel, Nano-scale, FeCO3 Abstract: Corrosion of carbon steel in CO2 saturated NaCl solution contains the formation of FeCO3, as a corrosion product.
The protective property of the formed FeCO3 scale layer to corrosion in brine solutions containing CO2 was established as the possible cause of the corrosion rate decrease above 60 oC.
Precipitation of FeCO3 can be affected by two variable significant factors: temperature and pH [7-8].
Based on environment condition, FeCO3 film can be deposited in nano-scale which has more effective protection property.

To determine the protective properties of barrier layers affected by the atmosphere chemistry, similarly as for solid-state reactions, the Pilling-Bedworth (P-B) ratio is used.
Based on data from Ref. [14] Magnesium reactions with oxygen affect properties of the final products, especially in processes where effective protection by gaseous atmospheres is not possible.
As shown in Fig. 3, properties of the final product are dependent on the progress of oxidation [9].
It is proven that reactive element additions positively affecting ignition and flammability resistance at the same time improve protective properties of surface oxide layers.
Funami, Texture, microstructure and mechanical properties of calcium-containing flame resistant magnesium alloy sheets produced by twin roll casting and sequential warm rolling, in Magnesium Alloys edited by F.

Research on optimizing the high chromium material’s properties Concerned investigation indicates that, the main caution of the cylinder liner’s premature fray is the lower rigidity of the inner coat material, which is HRC55～58.
In fig.3, The comparison of the affects of the heat treatment by different technologies is displayed.
When choosing mould’s rev, two main factors should be considered: 1) rev of the mould should assure that after molten iron is poured into mould it can form intact cylindrical outer; 2) we must assure that immanent quality of cylinder liner reach requirement to avoid lacuna as pore, lard and pulverization.
When pouring mould’s temperature is an important factor, which may affect produce’s quality.
[3] Yoshirol wai, Kazuyuki Nambu, Slurry wear Properties of Pumping materials, Wear, 1997(210): 211-219

To obtain the Ca-TZP materials with excellent mechanical properties related to the transformation toughening mechanism, the extremely fine microstructure with tetragonal grains of ~0.1 μm in size is required.
It was further shown that the crystallisation of zirconia polymorphs is affected by both a mineralizer solution and conditions of thermal treatment [10-11,6].
Little attention has been paid to show technological properties of the resultant nanopowders.
So, it is confirmed that the temperature, pH and mineralizer are the crucial factors influencing the morphology of calcia-zirconia nanoparticles obtained during hydrothermal treatment.
The temperature, pH and mineralizer are indicated as the factors controlling the appearance of elongated calcia-zirconia crystallites during hydrothermal treatment.

Introduction The structural property of fabric is one of the important factors which affect the mechanical properties of the final woven fabrics.

However, these excellent properties of the alloy cause the difficulty in machining.
The main problems are the short tool life and low metal removal rate, which mainly stem from the poor thermal properties of the alloy, periodic gross inhomogeneous deformation, instability in the chip formation process, oscillations in the cutting and thrust components of force, high tool chip interface temperature, high chemical reactivity of the alloy and low modulus of elasticity.
If the major wear factor is adhesion.
Narutaki: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 20 (2002), p. 33 [3] E.
Zhang: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 2 (1988), p. 28 [5] M.