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Online since: May 2012
Authors: Qian Zhang, Dan Che, Yong`an Ao, Yu Wen Li, Liang Peng
Accordingly, the solar energy to be used in constructions conforms to the present goals and tasks of our country in “energy saving and emission reduction” and has been got wide attention [2].
It was used in this study as follows: First made a questionnaire table including various factors that need to determine their weight coefficients, as shown in Table.1; then delivered 30 tables to 30 relevant experts, asked them to fill in the questionnaires in percentage of each factor to the whole factors according to their own experience independently; and then summed up the weights for each evaluation factor from the returned questionnaire data; and then calculated the average evaluation weight value for each evaluation factor and defined as weight coefficient (or weight vector) whose formula is shown in equation (3),
Results and Analysis According to the proposed simplified evaluation system, phase-transition temperature, phase-transition latent heat, coefficient of thermal conductivity, density, phase-transition temperature slippage range, material prices and safety, we made an initial evaluation, the data is shown in table 2.
In Chinese [2] Energy Saving Emission Reduction Plan (The State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2007).
It was used in this study as follows: First made a questionnaire table including various factors that need to determine their weight coefficients, as shown in Table.1; then delivered 30 tables to 30 relevant experts, asked them to fill in the questionnaires in percentage of each factor to the whole factors according to their own experience independently; and then summed up the weights for each evaluation factor from the returned questionnaire data; and then calculated the average evaluation weight value for each evaluation factor and defined as weight coefficient (or weight vector) whose formula is shown in equation (3),
Results and Analysis According to the proposed simplified evaluation system, phase-transition temperature, phase-transition latent heat, coefficient of thermal conductivity, density, phase-transition temperature slippage range, material prices and safety, we made an initial evaluation, the data is shown in table 2.
In Chinese [2] Energy Saving Emission Reduction Plan (The State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2007).
Online since: March 2007
Authors: David Dunand, Yoshihisa Matsumoto, A.H. Brothers
Corrosion rates were
then estimated from mass losses, and true mass losses were calculated using data that the
manufacturer (ERG Aerospace) provided for estimating the total foam surface areas [6].
Consequently, reduction in strut size via corrosion was not expected, either.
Although the corrosion data of high strength electric conduction Fig. 1 Relative density changes of 6101 foams estimated from the mass loss measurements in the pH range of 10 to 13 using aqueous NaOH solutions.
Recently, Sakashita et al. [8] reported such a diameter dependency in corrosion rates for high carbon steel wire in aqueous NaCl solution, and proposed that increase of the corrosion rate by decrease in wire diameter originated in reduction of dissolved oxygen or promotion of a cathodic reaction involving hydrogen ions.
Consequently, reduction in strut size via corrosion was not expected, either.
Although the corrosion data of high strength electric conduction Fig. 1 Relative density changes of 6101 foams estimated from the mass loss measurements in the pH range of 10 to 13 using aqueous NaOH solutions.
Recently, Sakashita et al. [8] reported such a diameter dependency in corrosion rates for high carbon steel wire in aqueous NaCl solution, and proposed that increase of the corrosion rate by decrease in wire diameter originated in reduction of dissolved oxygen or promotion of a cathodic reaction involving hydrogen ions.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Yang Zhang, Qi Yang, Hai Tao Shang
The figure 10 also treated the biodegradation data with Monod equation in the condition of no inhibition, and obtained the non-inhibition fitting straight line.
From the data above, the substrate removal rate constant of 1,1-DCE by strain DB–I is higher than that of strain DB–M, this is consistent with the relationship of specific substrate removal rate of them.
[4] SU Chunming , Plus R W, “Kinetics of trichloroethylene reduction by zerovalent iron and tin: Pretreatment effect, apparent activation energy , and intermediate products”, Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 33, no.1, pp.163, 1999
[23] Irina Kouznetsova, Xiaomin Mao, Clare Robinson, et al., “Biological reduction of chlorinated solvents: Batch-scale geochemical modeling”.
From the data above, the substrate removal rate constant of 1,1-DCE by strain DB–I is higher than that of strain DB–M, this is consistent with the relationship of specific substrate removal rate of them.
[4] SU Chunming , Plus R W, “Kinetics of trichloroethylene reduction by zerovalent iron and tin: Pretreatment effect, apparent activation energy , and intermediate products”, Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 33, no.1, pp.163, 1999
[23] Irina Kouznetsova, Xiaomin Mao, Clare Robinson, et al., “Biological reduction of chlorinated solvents: Batch-scale geochemical modeling”.
Online since: September 2005
Authors: J.M. Nedeljković, O.I. Mićić, S.P. Ahrenkiel, A.J. Nozik
They have been prepared
previously by the reduction of InCl3 with alkalides [21] and recently by decomposition of C5H5In in the presence of stabilizers at room temperature [20].
Electron diffraction data (Fig. 1d) show that the core of the 190-Å indium particles consists of the tetragonal phase of solid metal indium.
In0 + P3 (As3) → InProd (InAsrod) + 3e (1) Three electrons are produced in this reaction; they are most likely consumed in the reduction of the oxide layer at the indium surface and also by solvent impurities.
However, XRD data show that InP QRs prepared at room temperature are not crystalline.
Electron diffraction data (Fig. 1d) show that the core of the 190-Å indium particles consists of the tetragonal phase of solid metal indium.
In0 + P3 (As3) → InProd (InAsrod) + 3e (1) Three electrons are produced in this reaction; they are most likely consumed in the reduction of the oxide layer at the indium surface and also by solvent impurities.
However, XRD data show that InP QRs prepared at room temperature are not crystalline.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Rui Xu, Zhong Min Mei, Ting Fang Yu
Tab.1 The simulation results of Different outlet elevation
Elevation
C(8.8m)
B(9.8m)
A(design)
D(roof)
Air exhaust temperature /K
314.4
313.73
312.64
312.65
Air exhaust volume /kg/s
7.81
8.34
9.28
9.18
Average temperature of upper working area /K
311.96
311.21
309.99
309.68
Average temperature of working area /K
304.44
304.42
304.41
304.42
As data in Table 1 shows, in the case of arranging air outlets at sides of walls (front and back walls), the air exhaust volume would increase and the air exhaust temperature would reduce as elevation increased.
The temperature field in Figure 3 and the velocity field in Figure 4 showed that: 1) elevation reduction of air outlets largely impacted the velocity field of the top area.
As data of Table 2 and temperature variation curve in Figure 7 show, air exhaust volume would increase upon expansion of air inlet area, and indoor temperature would reduce accordingly, however, as the area enlarged, ventilation effect improvement would be small.
Research on Ventilation and Noise Reduction of Main Transformer Chamber in Urban Indoor Substation [J].
The temperature field in Figure 3 and the velocity field in Figure 4 showed that: 1) elevation reduction of air outlets largely impacted the velocity field of the top area.
As data of Table 2 and temperature variation curve in Figure 7 show, air exhaust volume would increase upon expansion of air inlet area, and indoor temperature would reduce accordingly, however, as the area enlarged, ventilation effect improvement would be small.
Research on Ventilation and Noise Reduction of Main Transformer Chamber in Urban Indoor Substation [J].
Online since: May 2025
Authors: Toshiki Hirogaki, Eiichi Aoyama, Yoshiki Tada, Masao Nakagawa, Riki Imai
The power consumption reduction rate is higher at lower I.S. speeds, S50C steel, which has a low recommended feed rate, was used as the work material, and X- and Y-axis cutting was performed using a square end mill.
The straight-line was defined as a point 0.25 mm from the surface and plotted, and the equation of the straight-line cut mark was calculated from the obtained coordinate data using the least-squares method. the standard deviation of the errors between the calculated straight-line equation and the coordinate data points was determined as the error in the straight-line portion.
[2] Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(12):1279-1287, (2011)
The straight-line was defined as a point 0.25 mm from the surface and plotted, and the equation of the straight-line cut mark was calculated from the obtained coordinate data using the least-squares method. the standard deviation of the errors between the calculated straight-line equation and the coordinate data points was determined as the error in the straight-line portion.
[2] Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(12):1279-1287, (2011)
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Sten Johansson, Maqsood Ahmad, Taina Vuoristo, Daniel Bäckström, Ru Lin Peng, Mattias Lundberg
The fracture criteria applied was a reduction of frequency by 3 Hz.
Specimens that survived more than 107 cycles are considered as “run-outs”, and as expected, very big scattering in the fatigue test data is recorded for this heterogeneous material.
(a) (b) Figure 2: SN-curves for smooth and notched specimens in as-machined condition (a) and SN data for the notched specimen (b).
The microcracks observed in specimens with this condition, results in a reduction of loadbearing material, and not even this together with the rough surface can cause a decrease in fatigue strength of 15-20%.
Specimens that survived more than 107 cycles are considered as “run-outs”, and as expected, very big scattering in the fatigue test data is recorded for this heterogeneous material.
(a) (b) Figure 2: SN-curves for smooth and notched specimens in as-machined condition (a) and SN data for the notched specimen (b).
The microcracks observed in specimens with this condition, results in a reduction of loadbearing material, and not even this together with the rough surface can cause a decrease in fatigue strength of 15-20%.
Online since: August 2019
Authors: Salah Al-Toubat, M. Talha Junaid, Fatima Yousuf
Shrinkage behavior analysis of Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC), without any external loading, is crucial to assess as there is limited data available.
A substantial amount of research has been done to understand the factors affecting the strength and mechanical properties of AAC [8-13]; however limited and conflicting data have been found towards understanding the cracking behavior of AAC.
Reduction of shrinkage strains from dry curing to seven days moist curing are as follows, 13% lower shrinkage strain in AAC-R1.5, almost 26% both in AAC-R1.0 and in OPCC.
Song, Assessment of CO 2 reduction of alkali-activated concrete, J.
A substantial amount of research has been done to understand the factors affecting the strength and mechanical properties of AAC [8-13]; however limited and conflicting data have been found towards understanding the cracking behavior of AAC.
Reduction of shrinkage strains from dry curing to seven days moist curing are as follows, 13% lower shrinkage strain in AAC-R1.5, almost 26% both in AAC-R1.0 and in OPCC.
Song, Assessment of CO 2 reduction of alkali-activated concrete, J.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jun Guo He, Jian Liu, Min Zhou, Jian Hao Zhou, Qi Chao Hu
Fair and Gemmell [1] confirmed the importance of breakage process in the modeling of flocculation dynamics in the early computer simulation; Boadway and Lu [5, 6] found that both particle coagulation and flocs breakage needed to be taken into consideration in mathematical modeling to match the test data; Pandya and Spielman [7] made a detailed study of breakage phenomenon with the use of fluid visualization technology, and further revealed the mechanism of flocs breakage in sheared fluid and defined a detailed model to describe the breakage dynamics; Costas [8] simulated particle aggregation and breakage.
Whether based on numerical simulation or experimental observation, within the range of the shear strength examined in this study, reduction of shear strength produced more large flocs.
The size of the peak concentration did not increase rapidly with the gradual reduction of shear strength.
Spielman, Floc breakage in agitated suspensions: theory and data processing strategy, J.
Whether based on numerical simulation or experimental observation, within the range of the shear strength examined in this study, reduction of shear strength produced more large flocs.
The size of the peak concentration did not increase rapidly with the gradual reduction of shear strength.
Spielman, Floc breakage in agitated suspensions: theory and data processing strategy, J.
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Candra Kurniawan, Wahyu Tri Cahyanto, Efi Solihah, Wahyu Widanarto, Mukhtar Effendi
The determination of the peak in the XRD diffraction pattern refers to the International Center of Diffraction Data (ICDD) database.
Magnetic properties The results of the VSM data for the four SNF samples in the form of hysterical curves illustrating the relationship between the external magnetic field H and magnetization M at room temperature are depicted in Figure 1.
The reduction of Ms, χ, and μ values are derived from the substitution of Fe3+ ions by Nd3+ ions in SNF composite materials.
The more Nd3+ ions added will lead to a reduction in the value of Ms, χ, and μ.
Magnetic properties The results of the VSM data for the four SNF samples in the form of hysterical curves illustrating the relationship between the external magnetic field H and magnetization M at room temperature are depicted in Figure 1.
The reduction of Ms, χ, and μ values are derived from the substitution of Fe3+ ions by Nd3+ ions in SNF composite materials.
The more Nd3+ ions added will lead to a reduction in the value of Ms, χ, and μ.