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This map is of great interest because it can be used as a tool to predict “as-quenched” properties of titanium alloys, independently from the number of alloying elements.
Hypothesis is made that after the nucleation of twinning embryos, the hardening is caused by the increase of the number of twins per unit volume and the thickening of these existing twins since the mismatch of the coherent twin boundary is linearly proportional to the thickness of the twins.
Additionally, the increase in the number of twins probably results in a decrease of the effective grain size and therefore increases the applied stress necessary to initiate new twins.

There is about 1.35 tons of rice straw per ton of grain harvested.
The oil contains a large number of oxygenated organic compounds, with a wide range of molecular weight.
Figure 6 shows the viscosity and pH value of the oil as a function of the number of days of storage at room temperature.
Results of aging test: (a) viscosity and (b) pH value as a function of the number of days of storage.

SOPC Builder provides a large number of IP-based Avalon, it also is an open IP integration environment.
It is a broad prospect of the processor, into a number of new design methods and concepts, the SOPC concepts embodied in the following areas [6]: Nios II is according with industrial technology development trend, namely hardware design- soft wared.
Fig. 1 Stratix FPGA overall development process flowsheet HardCopy Series Devices and Product Development HardCopy series device architecture based on the fine grain size is known as Hcell transistor array.
Acknowledgements The paper, with the Number 11541312, is subsidized by scientific and technological research project of Department of Education of Heilongjiang province.

AMAG TopForm® SPF is a 5083 alloy which was developed for superplastic forming by means of a special alloy composition and processing route to achieve a very homogeneous fine grain structure after re-heating to forming temperature.
Challenges With the growing understanding of the influence of alloy composition and processing on properties of components the number of specially adjusted alloys for various applications has led to an increase in the number of alloys over the past 10 years.
This larger number of alloys combined with numerous heat treatment and other processing steps led to a dramatic increase of complexity in manufacturing of high quality aluminium components.

However  clay soil contains more clay , it is fine grain, the gap is small,  poor in ventilation.
Where: is the free gas diffusion coefficient, ；u is RMS of gas velocity, m/s; is molecular mean free path, m; is diameter of gas molecules, m; R is molar gas constant; T is absolute temperature of gas, K; M is the molar mass of the gas, kg/mol; N is Avogadro's number; J is the amount of  gas flow per unit area,; C is gas concentration,; z is the distance from the leak point，m; is relative diffusion coefficient in the soil，; i and j is constants, depending on soil properties; is the porosity of soil.
When , (6) When , (7) Where:is mass flow rate，kg/s; is correction factor，considering the role of soil viscous force; is orifice discharge coefficient，the experimental value is generally known as 0.61 to 1.0; is isentropic index of component I; is the gas volume fraction of the component i; n is the number of gas components; is the absolute pressure on leak mouth, Pa; d is leak hole diameter，m .
After the period of (), the concentrations of  r is: (12) Dimensionless number: (13) The integral of (12) combined formula (13) ,diffusion concentration of buried gas pipeline leakage is: (14) Where : erf is Gaussian error function.

The number of the cycles, N will be used as the cycle marker.
N=1 will correspond to cycle number 1, N=3 will correspond to cycle number 3, etc.
However, the grain boundaries are visible due to the large sensitivity of the DIC optic.

The correlation integral calculated in the embedding space can be defined as Cn(ε) = 1 N2 N∑ i N∑ j̸=i Θ(ε − ||Xi − Xj||), (7) where N is the number of considered points and Θ is the Heaviside step function.
The correlation integral Cn(ε) is related to the correlation entropy K2(ε) and the system correlation dimension D2 by the following formula lim n→∞ Cn(ε) = D2 ln ε − nmK2(ε). (8) The coarse-grained correlation entropy can be now be calculated as K2(ε) = lim n→∞ ln Cn(ε) Cn+1(ε) ≈ −d ln Cn(ε) dn . (9) In such a case the correlation entropy is defined in the limit of a small threshold ε.0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,55 0,60 0,65 0,70 0,75 0,80 0,85 0,90 0,95 Mean of NTS Air flow rate NTS values for air flow rate Mean of NTS Corresponding errors are STD of NTS Fig. 5: NTS with an increase in the amount of air (air flow rate expressed [l/min] units), from left to right for Cases 1-8, respectively.
This information is also confirmed by histograms which become more uniform with increasing number of air bubbles.
Acknowledgement The presented research was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland - the number of decision: DEC-2013/09/B/ST8/02850.

During the sharpening process, the abrasive paste with the grain size of 2.5 μm is applied to the flank face of the CVD tool.
Experimental setup and Design of Experiment (DOE) The sharpening process parameters that influence the sharpening performance include grinding velocity, feed rate and grinding direction, Because the large number of the grinding parameters should be evaluated, a design of experiment (DOE) was carried out which statistically evaluates the parameters in different levels to identify the dominant sharpening parameters that have the utmost effect on the sharpening performance.
number f V G F R (mm/min) (m/s) (N) (μm) 1 0.2 5.233 Reverse grinding 2.912 4.223 2 0.2 10.467 down grinding 2.466 3.877 3 0.5 5.233 down grinding 2.688 2.492 4 0.5 10.467 Reverse grinding 3.136 3.878 Table 2 The L4 (23) orthogonal array Where, G=grinding direction, V= Grinding velocity (m/s), f= Feed rate (μm), F= Grinding force (N) and r n = Cutting edge radius (μm) As shown in the table 2, using tungsten carbide disc sharpening CVD diamond tool , the edge radius can be achieved under 5μm, and the edge’s integrity can be ensured too. 
Table 3 Cutting edge radius test data analysis number f V G r (mm/min) (m/s) (μm) 1 0.2 5.233 Reverse grinding 4.223 2 0.2 10.467 down grinding 3.877 3 0.5 5.233 down grinding 2.492 4 Ⅰ Ⅱ K1 K2 R 0.5 8.100 6.370 4.050 3.185 0.865 10.467 6.715 7.755 3.357 3.877 0.52 Reverse grinding 6.369 8.101 3.184 4.050 0,866 3.878 Through the observation of the whole test data, it can be seen that for CVD diamond the range of the factor grinding direction (0.866) is more significant than the factor feed rate (0.865) and factor grinding velocity (0.52) respectively in the final results.

Experimental Smelting of 82B steel There were molten iron 80.1t and scrap steel 12.2t fed into a 100t top and bottom blowing converter for 82B steel to smelt (number 211-03138).
Refining in ladle furnace The molten steel with a temperature about 1774K when the steel ladle was moved to the refining station was heated by electric arc, refined with various agent, deoxidized with Ferrosilicon powder and aluminum grain, desulphurized with calcium carbide, and controlled the carbon content in the zone of 0.77%-0.81%.
Table 1.Chemical composition of number 211-03138 molten steel in Tundish (%) Tundish C Si Mn P S Casting 10min 0.798 0.191 0.844 0.017 0.01 Casting 20min 0.794 0.183 0.826 0.017 0.01 Casting 30min 0.811 0.191 0.852 0.017 0.01 Preparation of anode The head part of the fourth casting billet (number 211-03138) in the middle stage of the fifth flow was sawed a slice as thickness as 15mm to take as the sample for electrolytic and other experiments.

According to Changsha’s social development level and the consumption habit, grain, edible oil, vegetables, meat, fish, fruits, dairy products, coal, gas and electricity was selected to estimate the ecological footprint.
With the diversification of consumption, consumption is small but growing number of product types are not counted in the per capita consumption ecological footprint, resulting in Changsha residents' per capita ecological footprint of biological resources is no significant increased.
The main reason is accompanied by the development of urban construction; the number of built-up area conversion from arable land is continues increased.
The main reason is accompanied by the development of urban construction; the number of built-up area conversion from arable land is continues increased.