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The evolution of smart structures/materials.
First Euro -pean Conference on Smart Structure and Materials,1992（4）：97-113 [2] Xiaoyan Liu, Wu Yao, Jianping Wu.
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and technology. 2004, (2):47-49,In Chinese
Shanghai building materials,2004,(2):16-18, In Chinese [6] Xian Wu, Xiumei Li, Shuhong Wang, Zhiyang Liu.
Journal of Northeast university,2005, 26(1): 92-295, In Chinese.

Key Engineering Materials (2014), p.471-476
Advanced Materials Research (2013), p. 299-303
International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 7(43) (2012), p.5765-5771
Journal of Materials Science (1993), p.6107-6114
Journal of Composite Materials (2017)

Recent investigations have also shown that nanoscale materials can offer certain physical and chemical effect.
There is no doubt that the employments of materials are closely related to their kinetics factors which are considered to be the fundamental factors for the studies of material.
[J].Journal of Molecular Science,2007(1):66-68.
[J].Journal of Molecular Science, 2010(7): 307-311.
[J].Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 284-286: 726-729

Investigating properties of materials using microwave cavities The principle of investigating dielectric properties of materials using electromagnetic waves in the GHz frequency range is based on the fact that an object under test, when placed into a microwave cavity, interacts with the electromagnetic waves in a unique manner, which can be specifically correlated with the properties of this material.
Experimental Setup Depending on the form of the sample under test, i.e. powder or a film, different microwave cavities can be used to explore the properties of the materials.
Post processing of the data identified a number of interest regions which are indicative of the materials being tested and thus can be used as a sensing indicator for these materials.
Erhart, "Pyroelectric surface charge in hydroxyapatite ceramics," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 106, Nov 2009
Umegaki, "Acceleration and Deceleration of Bone-Like Crystal Growth on Ceramic Hydroxyapatite by Electric Poling," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 8, pp. 2697-2697, 1996

They found that the low viscous carrier fluids significantly enhance the damage to the pipeline materials as compared to the high viscous flow operating conditions.
Iftikhar, Effect of sand fines concentration on the erosion-corrosion mechanism of carbon steel 90° elbow pipe in slug flow, Materials. 13 (2020) 4601
Bian, Numerical study on the particle erosion of elbows mounted in series in the gas-solid flow, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 99 (2022) 104423
Sulaiman, Effect of water-mixed polyvinyl alcohol viscosity on wear response of carbon steel exposed to an eroding medium, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 30 (2021) 2066-2073
Yoshida, Practical estimation of erosion damage caused by solid particle impact: Part 2: Mechanical properties of materials directly associated with erosion damage, Wear. 259 (2005) 102-109

It can be seen that flutter velocity is strongly dependent on the distribution of mass (both base and composite skin materials).we see as the mass of base material is decreased or increased, flutter velocity increased.
Flotow, “Aeroelastic Characteristics of a Highly Flexible Aircraft,” Journal of Aircraft, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 901-908, 1990
Cambridge, “Limit-cycle oscillations in high-aspect-ratio wings,” Journal of fluids and structures, pp. 107-132, 2001
Dowell, “Experimental and Theoretical Study on Aeroelastic Response of High-Aspect-Ratio Wings,” AIAA Journal, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1430-1441, Aug. 2001
Cesnik, “Nonlinear Aeroelasticity and Flight Dynamics of High-Altitude Long-Endurance Aircraft,” AIAA Journal, no. 1470, 1999

Recent days, nano ZnS samples which have different morphologies used in biomarkers materials has aroused great interests.
Combining water soluble ZnS and preparation water soluble quantum dots to biological detection that have became an important problem of biomarkers materials research[5] .
In 2005 JIANG et al.[9] presents the emulsion method with ZnCl2 and TAA as raw materials, and span-80, tween-80 as compound surface active agents and utilizes the a forementioned method to produce nanometer ZnS particles.
The starting materials were Zn(Ac)2 (>99.0%), Cu(Ac)2 (>99.0%), NaNO2 (>99.0%), NH4Cl(>99.0%) and sulfur source.
Comparing the two samples, Cu2+ is activators of ZnS materials.

In a complex state of stress is the materials of equipment in engineering applications, domestic and overseas researchers have been trying to obtain the material properties of the plastic deformation and ultimate strain under different stress states through a variety of means[3-5].
In order to be close to the authenticity of the materials, the true stress - true strain calculation method was taken.
References [1] Mirone G，Corallo,D: International Journal of Plasticity.
Vol.31-1(2012),p.203-212 [6] He Yunzeng, Zou Guangping: Acta Mechanica Sinica, Vol.33(2001),p.828-833(in Chinese) [7] Zhu Hao, Zhu Liang and CHEN Jianhong: Journal of Materials Science & Engineering.
European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids,Vol.22(2003),p.1-13

Effect of Transition metal ions Dopants on Photocatalytic Properties of Titanium-Baring Blast Furance Slag YANG He1a, BAI Li-li2b, BU Er-jun3c, ZHOU Mi4d，XUE Xiang-xin5e 1，2，3，4，5 School of Materials & Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004,Liaoning，China.
TBBFS was grinded and re-doped with transition metal ions and then roasted to prepare photocatalytic materials, using methylene blue's degradation rate under condition of UV irradiation to evaluate material properties and then using XRD, SEM and other analytical tools for its material characterization.
Introduction Although photocatalytic materials of TiO2 can deal with organic pollutants of high toxic, it's not suitable for large-scale promotion because of the high cost.
Rear earth and transition-metal co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles: structure and photocatalytic properties ：Chemical New Materials, （2010）, p.79-82 [6] Lv Xue-jun, Xu Yi-ming, Wang Zhi, et al.
Preparation of Zr-doped ZnO nanoparticles and photocatalytic activity: Nanostructured Materials and Applications, (2009), p.18-20 Funding issues ： The National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program) （2007CB613504）， The National Natural Science Foundation of China（50874029），The basic research and operating expenses of Northeastern University（N090402011）.

Acknowledgement This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005010) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (Grant No. 20100470186).
Kuroda: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol.80-81 (1998), p. 517-523
Macewen,et al.: International Journal of Plasticity Vol. 20 (2004), p. 1677-1706
Kuroda, et al.: Journal de Physique IV.
[9] Xiangdong Wu, Min Wan, and Xianbin Zhou: Journal of Materials Processing Technology vol. 168 (2005), p. 181-183.