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There are many causes for the crack of cladding layer and also there are many factors to affect.
At present, most of the materials for cladding are with high strength, hardness, and brittleness in terms of the mechanical industry.
However, these materials are greatly different from each other in performance, properties, and basic components, mainly because their linear expansion coefficients are greatly different, and the solid phase transformation tendency and amplitude vary largely in the crystallization process and also the solid-state phase transformations are out of sync.
Second, the mismatch between the internal properties and technologies of cladding material and base material was one of the important causes of the cladding layer’s crack.
Beijing: Mechanical Industry Publishing House, 2005.

Introduction Gear steel is widely used in automobile, agricultural machine and mechanical manufacture industries [1].
It directly affects mechanical performance of automobile gear.
Evaluation of hardenability makes it possible to obtain the required properties before production.
During the process of composition adjustment, the properties of gear steel can be predicted by means of ANN or stepwise polynomial regression any time.
However, the simple mathematics regression model can't reflect the inherent rules between the hardenability and its influence factors.

Companies in this way of heat treatment at high temperature is applied as the only way to increase the machinability because it improperly considered that also in this case, the reduction in mechanical properties (Re, HB), an improvement the machinability, [8].
Complex effect of all these factors necessarily requires a reduction in cutting conditions, especially the cutting speed by 4 times to 6 times compared with those elected in carbon steels.
As shown in Fig.2, the slip line field affects not only the zone of plastic deformation but also the layer below the machined surface.
The conclusions are as follows: defining of the shear plane angle F1 and the texture angle F2, confirmation of surface strain hardening (change in mechanical properties) after cutting.

The structural responses are obtained from a structural analysis model with reasonable assumptions including the mechanical properties of the material, the dimensions of the members, locations and performance of connections between members.
In addition, accumulated fatigue over an elapsed period of time, unexpected load, and other factors can cause variations in mechanical performance of members and interface areas.
LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), which is currently used in GIS field and sometimes called ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning), can be used to obtain three-dimensional location information on an entire building or structure, but not a particular location, without being affected by the environment [6].
For proper application of the least square method, the shape of the structure to be monitored, load pattern, material properties, and the shape of cross-section should be considered.

However, it is also classified as an extremely difficult to machine material owing to its several inherent properties, e.g., low thermal conductivity, high specific strength and exceptional resistance to corrosion {E.O.
However, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is very difficult to grind because of its inherent properties such as the ability to retain high strength at elevated temperatures and low thermal conductivity [4].
Electrochemical grinding (ECG), which utilizes both mechanical and electrochemical actions to remove material, is a promising way to reduce tool wear and improve grindability.
Then the oxygen layer is removed by abrasive grains for the sake of mechanical actions.
Zaborski S. [9] has studied different forms of cathode wear in ECG and presented the crucial factors influencing on their wear.

The stored energy within DRX grains appears to be principally consistent with the corresponding Taylor factor values.
Each of these processes can change the austenite grain characteristics as well as the crystallographic texture, thus affecting the rolling loads, the transformation product characteristics on cooling and the final mechanical properties.
This can account for the observed gradual increase in the A texture component having the lowest Taylor factor (i.e. 1.7) and for the parallel decrease in the C orientation having a high Taylor factor (i.e. 3.0) during the DRX evolution (see Fig. 2d).
The C component has a relatively higher Taylor factor than the A component [13].
The temperature and strain rate used in the current work were comparatively higher, which could have affected the dominant operating mechanism of dislocation annihilation.

The track mobile robot has better cross-country property.
Design of Mechanical System The robot composes of four parts: traveling system, steering system, driving system and control system.
According to the parameter requirement of the stair, the footstep, the road order and the passageway in “The General Principles of Public Building Design”, the robot has been designed as 0.8m in width and 1m in length to climb stairs of 0.175m in height, 0.26m in width and 1m in length Although the radius of the wheel r should not affect the robot’s undulation amplitude and passing capacity, a smaller r may result in stronger impact by the uneven road, and affects the comfort degree of riding.
Analysis of Gear Train Transmission Ratio During driving, the automatic switching between rotation and revolution of the wheel system is a key factor that affects the robot’s regular working performance.
Seat Angle Analysis The maximum inclination angle of the robot is an important parameter that affects its dynamical balance feature and comfortable riding.

FSE requires the choice of a performance level, the definition of design fire scenarios, the choice of heat flows models and several numerical thermo-mechanical analyses.
In this case the specific fire load density is: (2) Finally, according to EN1991-1-2, the design fire load density can be evaluated as: (3) where dq1=1.4 (factor taking into account the fire activation risk due to the size of the compartment), dq2=1.0 (factor taking into account the fire activation risk due to the type of occupancy) and dn=0.9 (factor taking into account the different active fire fighting measures i) are defined according to Italian code.
The fire scenario is significantly affected, among other things, by the geometry and ventilation conditions of the compartment.
Substructures Static scheme Fig. 5 – Thermo-mechanical model of the structure Analyses results.
Finally, the thermo-mechanical analyses in fire situations for the described case study, consisting of the car parks located at the ground floor of buildings of the C.A.S.E.

It shows that the thermal process history has a significant effect on the microstructure and properties.
The properties of Si/Al composites depend not only on the content of Si but on the thermal process history of composites [6, 7].
The mechanism of properties affected by thermal processing was revealed, which would provide a theoretical guide to make reasonable thermal process for Si/Al composites.
Unfortunately the studies didn’t take in account the variation of Al matrix properties during heating.
The thermophysical properties of composite are affected by the thermal process history.

Setup Modelling The cage is manufactured out of reinforced PEEK, meaning that the mechanical properties of the cage material are neither unform nor isotropic.
The transition layer is elastic and isotropic, and its elastic constants are estimated by homogenising anisotropic properties of the cage material.
It is not unusual that size effect strongly affects mechanical properties, especially for materials with complex microstructure.
This is necessary because the cage is designed for long-term operation, meaning that such phenomena as fatigue and creep are significant factors limiting its service life.
Parodi, Structure Properties Relations for Polyamide 6, PhD Thesis, TU Eindhoven, the Netherlands, 2017