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After the plasma arc scans the surface of the sheet metal, there will be an obvious change of micro hardness in the heated area, which will affect the increasing of bending angle to some extent.
In addition to the processing parameters and the physical properties, the changes in micro structure and phase transformations play an important role in the forming.
Table 1 shows the experimental results of Q235 sheets with 19 degree pre-bending angle by mechanical bending method.
Strain-hardening effects and phase transformation effects are also main factors to influence the forming process.
Zhang: China Mechanical Engineering, Vol.14 (2003), No.1, pp.75-78

Introduction Heavy metals and pathogens are two major limiting factors in sewage sludge application to agricultural land [1].
Details on the physicochemical properties of coal fly ash and sewage sludge are listed in Table 1.
Results and Discussion Zn, Cu, Ni and Cd concentration in each fraction of the fly ash and calcium oxide stabilized sludge Chemical forms of heavy metals in soil is affected by pH, redox potential (Eh), organic matter, and other factors [11, 12, 13].
Improvement of biomass growth could be explained by increase in nutrients and also improved soil physical properties.
Uptake of heavy metals by plants are not only influenced by their concentrations in soil, their chemical forms, physicochemical properties of the soil, but also by plant nutrition, stage of growth, and other factors (Chlopecka, 1996a, 1996b).

The grinding heat directly affected workpiece surface in the grinding process and it might produce some defects such as crack and burn.
Experiment on the nozzle angle influencing to the surface integrity Affected by the grinding wheel surface layer rotary airflow, different spray angles would affect the ratio of grinding fluid flow that enters into the contact area directly.
And it will affect the grinding workpiece surface integrity directly.
Specific properties of air flow field within the grinding zone [J], Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2006,(28): 307~309
Study on properties of grinding fluid jet and nozzle position limit during quick-point grinding[J].

A major problem of laser machining processes is thermal damage, which significantly alters the machined surface and subsurface properties of workpiece.
Furthermore, the rapid cooling of laser-ablated surface usually causes residual stress and cracks, and these adversely affect the strength, fatigue life and dimensions of part manufactured.
The good thermal conductivity of water and high mechanical shock pressure induced in the confined volume of water are anticipated to play the significant roles in cooling of workpiece and expelling of cut debris during the ablation.
Bhattacharyya, Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Micro-turning of Alumina to Study the Effect of Overlap Factors on Surface Roughness Performance, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 377 (2018) 1-7
Dumkum, Laser micro-milling under a thin and flowing water layer: A new concept of liquid-assisted laser machining process, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 230 (2015) 376-380.

These alloys are used in the nuclear industry as fuel cladding due to their resistance to corrosion [3] at operating temperatures, good mechanical strength and relatively low thermal neutron capture cross-section (0.184 barns) [4].
These contaminants may also adversely affect the desirable chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the metal as well.
These factors present a challenge when the sample is a non-conducting powder, such as zirconia (ZrO2).
These samples were run on the GD-OES to determine what the boundaries were for maintaining conductivity and mechanical strength.

In this paper, combined with geological conditions and rock mechanical properties of coal bed washout in east auxiliary roadway of Pingshuo Mine No.3, proposed support program of STCC supports through STCC short column experiments and theoretical analysis, by numerical analysis and on-site observations analyzed the stability of the roadway supported by STCC supports, provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the roadway in coal bed washout.
Fig.4 Parameters of STCC supports + bolt-mesh supporting Numerical Simulation on the Stability of East Auxiliary Roadway Surrounding Rock Mechanical Model of Roadway Surrounding Rock.
Top mechanical boundary conditions on the model was vertical load P =5.74MPa, limited horizontal movement on the model side and vertical movement on the model bottom.
Shown in figure 7, the stress concentration zones were formed at floor and its angle, the maximum of stress concentration was 13.4MPa at middle of floor, and the stress concentration factor was 2.33.
Stress concentration zone was formed in the deep zone of roadway floor and it's angle, the maximum of stress concentration was 13.4MPa, and the stress concentration factor was 2.33.

Introduction During the course of polymer flooding in porous media, polymer solution would be diluted by formation water, and it was stranded due to surface adsorption, mechanical capture, hydrodynamic trap and the interactions between polymer molecules[1].
For the polymer on surface of core particles, adsorption amount are affected by many factors, which are the types of polymer, molecular weight, degree of hydrolysis, salinity, rock composition, surface properties of particles, environmental temperature and so on.
Dynamic retention When polymer flows in porous media of reservoir, hydrodynamic trapping and mechanical capture would occur on the rock surface due to its pore structure and permeability heterogeneity[7].
It is generally considered that four mechanisms have caused the polymer retention, and they are surface absorption, mechanical capture, capture of fluid dynamics and interactions between polymer molecules[8].

If advantages of polymer materials, such as chemical stability, heat resistance, corrosion-resistant bacteria and mechanical strength be maintained, also need to overcome its disadvantages such as hydrophobic, membrane fouling, it is necessary to change the membrane hydrophilicity [5, 6].
Enhancing the hydrophilic of membrane will make permeable quantitative large, but high hydrophilic membrane will not only easy to dissolve, but also losing mechanical strength.
PAA is a hydrophilic polymer, and also a good membrane material with large charge density, and molecular weight, as well as prepared membranes with good mechanical properties through the cross-linked carboxyl.
PAA was blended with PVDF to modify PVDF membrane for the first time, the factors that affected the performance of PVDF membrane were investigated, and then the technical parameters were made certain, hydrophilic PVDF flat ultrafiltration membranes were prepared successfully.

The specification of the probes is in line with international standards, including pore water pressure probe, and modules of temperature, seismic waves and video probes etc, which enabled to obtain rapidly and accurately basic physical properties.
The calculations of Su are mainly through theoretical approach (based on capacity theory, cavity expansion theory, strain path theory etc.) and empirical approach, Undrained shear strength is related to lots of factors including the soil stress history, anisotropy, strain rate, failure plane orientation etc.
The excessive porewater pressure method The above two figures show that these two methods for estimating Su deviate greatly, changes of porewater pressure significantly affect the results.
(4) The undrained shear strength of clay estimated by the theoretical method should multiply with the corresponding revision factor.
Proceedings of the ASCE specialty conference on In-situ measurement of soil properties ISMOSP Raleigh(1975) [6] Ma Shuzhi, Tan Yanchun, Meng Gaotou et al.

In elastic contact issues, the reduced modulus(Er) as expressed by Eq. (3) is commonly used to analyze the material properties in indentation tests: . 111 2 2 i i r EEE νν − + − = (3) where E and υ are the elastic modulus and Poi- sson's ratio of the sample, and Ei and υi are those of the indenter, which are known.
When λ is fixed, it is easy to determine other mechanical properties of the material.
The result is affected by characteristic of the load and accuracy of measurement.
While elastic properties of an object have a regular relationship with its density, thus, when inherent resonance frequency of the sample is obtained, its elastic properties can be calculated accurately.
(2) Results of dynamic method have excellent stability, while results of Vickers indentation technique show relatively greater scatter and measure the local properties