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However, in many cases, impurities and amorphous phases often exist at the grain boundaries, which extremely deteriorate the high-temperature strength and creep resistance.
In the inter-colony regions a large number of Si, O and a few of Al, Cr atoms were examined by EDS, and it is considered the glass phase mainly consisting of SiO2 is distributed at inter-colony regions.
SEM images showed that the ceramic matrix of Al2O3/40% and 44% ZrO2 (4Y) were comprised of a large number of sphere-like ZrO2 crystals and a few of ZrO2 dendrites, whereas α-Al2O3 platelets, glass phase and a few of eutectics were distributed in between ZrO2 crystals, as shown in Fig. 2.
As discussed above, due to high compressive residual stresses in the colony matrix and a large number of low-energy hetero-phase interfaces [6, 7], the eutectic colony has high fracture strength.

Rotations can be caused by: • The desire to form low energy grain boundaries in the interparticle contact zones [7], • Tensions [8] caused by inhomogeneous particle center approach due to different particle sizes and inhomogeneous packings and • Asymmetric [8] tensions inflicted by asymmetric sintering necks.
The numbers of new and broken contacts were determined.
In addition to the directly measured densification, the coordination number increases over the entire sintering process.
It increases to values above 1.5 ° for regions with high density as in these regions the number of surface points applicable for the fit of the sphere model is much reduced.

This is because the cutting scales are very small which means that the cutting tool passes into just only one or a few grains of the materials instead of the bulk material as in the conventional cutting, which leads to a number of changes in the cutting physics properties such as size-effect, ductile-brittle transition, and plastic/elastic deformation, etc.
According to this method, It is possible to construct the 3-D surface topography of the diamond turned surface by calculating surface topography data of all radial sections and mapping them on the surface elements of a cross lattice defined as: XI=[[Lx2+rksin(k∆θ)]Lxmx] (3) YI=[[Ly2+rkcos(k∆θ)]Lymy] (4) ZI=Zk (5) Where surface topography data on all RkZk polar planes represented in polar coordinates {rk, Zk, kDq} for K = 0, 1, 2,...., Np, and mx and my are the number of surface elements in the X and Y directions respectively.
Nomenclature Xtp, Ytp real tool path in the machine tool coordinate system Xsm, Zsm servo motions of X and Z slideways Esr, Esa spindle radial and axial runout Kxz, Kzx side-stiffness of X and Z slideways Eevx, Eevz environmental vibrations RkZk polar planes represented in polar coordinates {rk, Zk, kDq} for K = 0, 1, 2,...., Np mx, my number of surface elements in the X and Y directions Lx, Ly the length and the width of the simulated region Ys spindle synchronous error As amplitude of the error ω spindle angular speed t revolution time of spindle j phase shift ∆ct,∆cw actual cutting of depth and width z(t), x(t) amplitude of workpiece vibrations in z and x directions z(t-T), x(t-T) corresponds to the position of the workpiece of during the previous pass in z and x directions T period of revolution References [1] Balkrishna C. et al. (1998) ‘A comprehensive dynamic cutting force model for chatter prediction in turning’, International Journal of Machine

In whole image the pixel number with value is , and the statistical values of color pixel of whole image, , , , are called as the color histogram, expressed by H (, , ).
Let the feature vector of goal image histogram be and that of image histogram in image database be , where the histograms are all the proportional values of normalization and L is the dimensional number of HSV histogram vector.
The AgWC picture in Fig. 1 is a query image, the others are the returned 3 images, which are displayed in the light of the gradually reducing sequence of correlation coefficients, and the numbers at the top of the images are the correlation coefficients between the returned and inquired images.
Also we may use the grain and shape features and objective property of images to perform retrieve or query of synthetical concept, so as to obtain the retrieval results of satisfaction.

The number of pieces increases obviously.
The unhydrated fly ash presents grain shape and covered by the hydration products.
Wide and a large number of cracks in the aggregates are observed.
Further more, a large number of pores are appeared in the surface of matrix, and the size of the pores is large.

Although a number of monazite processing methods are commercially used, they have some limitations.
Due to these methods, monazite can be cleaned of a number of impurities as early as the first stage of chemical processing.
The authors identified four main types of monazite in terms of grain shape, color, transparency and composition [12].
The studies demonstrate that, despite insufficient leaching rates of monazite, a number of methods for stimulating the nitric-acid pressure monazite leaching process significantly increased the REE recovery rate (from ~ 20 % to 60 %).

Because of these advantages, it has been used in a number of fields, e.g., dynamic fracturing, wave propagation, and nuclear waste disposition.
The GPU computing is called as fine-grained parallelization.

Its rationalization that the bomb puts out a fire through window reliably was confirmed by using ANSYS/ LS-DANY to simulate the dynamic process that the extinguishing bomb penetrates window, which provides a reference for extinguishing bomb to conduct flight test, cut down test number and lower experimental cost.
Liqiang Du[4], etc studied the ultrafine dry powder fire extinguishing technology; Bin Zheng[5], etc studied the release and diffusion ability of ultrafine grain fire extinguishing agent.

All isolates were maintained on rye grains in water at 16-18 oC in darkness.
Among six media, the number of tomato- rye agar medium were the most, and the number of rye agar medium and oat medium were second, the number of V8 juice and carrot medium were the least (Table 2).
The numbers of oospore above the table were the average value of twenty five visual fields.
Table 4 Effect of light condition on germination of overwintering oospores Alternating between day and night （17-25oC） The whole of darkness at 18 oC Combination of strains Number of oospores Number of oospores germination Percentage of germination(%) Number of oospores Number of oospores germination Percentage of oospores germination(%) F80029× WUDU1-4 508 43 8.46a 483 41 8.49a LIX-15× F88133 264 18 6.82a 352 23 6.53a F80029× F88133 531 19 3.58b 515 21 4.08ab Note: The data in the table are mean.
Table 5 Effect of soil maceration extract on germination of oospores during overwinter Soil extract liquid Distilled water Combination of strains Number of oospores Number of germination Percentage of germination(%) Number of oospores Number of germination Percentage of germination(%) F80029×WUDU1-4 458 58 12.66 a 512 44 8.59 b LIX-15×F88133 372 27 7.26 b 327 21 6.42c F80029×F88133 502 31 6.18 c 468 21 4.49 cd Note: The data in the table are mean.

The electrodes were numbered consecutively from left to right and top to bottom; odd-numbered electrodes were used for potential measurements and even-numbered electrodes for current injection.
By generating seismic waves at one point and observing their arrival times at a number of other points in the surface of the earth, it is possible to determine velocity distribution and locate subsurface interfaces where the waves are reflected or refracted [20].
Under polarized microscope, this limestone shows a micritic matrix and a detritic fraction, mostly composed of quartz grains, feldspars, glauconite and quartzite [24].
Like many historic buildings in north-west Portugal, this cathedral was constructed from Porto granite, a light grey, two-mica, medium-grained hypidiomorphic granite, that yellows with weathering and is highly ductile-brittle deformed [25].
In a small number of studied blocks (5%) that had also been subjected to fire, the method made it possible to detect a horizontal interface and calculate a superficial weathering layer with an average thickness of 1.6±0.3 cm.