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A number of groups have investigated the BaO-R2O3-TiO2 (where R means rare earth elements) system on the crystal structure and the microwave dielectric properties systematically.
Compared with BaLa4Ti4O15 which belonging to trigonal system [9] and has been studied widely even by templated grain growth (TGG) method[10], there is no report of NaO-R2O3-TiO2 system, to the best of our knowledge.
It possesses the following unit-cell lattice parameters: a=b=2.1616 nm and c=1.0536 nm, the number of molecule per crystal lattice: Z=12 and the theoretical density: ρ=5.23 g/cm3.
NET possesses the following unit-cell crystallographic lattice constants: a=b=1.9680 nm and c=1.1515 nm, the number of molecule per crystal lattice: Z=12 and its theoretical density: ρ=5.81 g/cm3.

Cultured cells, both rat calvaria osteoblasts (isolated and characterized according to established methods [4] at population number 3) and rat-skin fibroblasts (purchased from, and characterized by, the American Type Culture Collection; population number 14-16), in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (containing 10% FBS) were seeded (3500 cell/cm2) per substrate and allowed to adhere in a 37ºC humidified, 5% CO2/95% air environment for 4 hours.
The representative scanning electron micrographs of Fig.1 illustrate the materials revealing two distinct morphologies: spherical particles (with diameters in the range or 60-150 nm) on the non-sintered (Fig.1a), and agglomerates that formed both porous (Fig.1b) and non-porous arrangements on the sintered substrates with grain size with diameter in the range 400-600 nm.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support in the USA of the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number DMR-0117792, and in Portugal, FCT's project POCTI/FCB/41523/2002.

Despite a number of promising crystal growth studies on AlN [3-5] published after the pioneering work of Slack and McNelly [2], available crystals are still to small to allow their further use in seeded growth.
Balkas et al. [3] and Sarney et al. [8] grew AlN layers on on-axis 6H-SiC, but deposited layers contain multiple grains of millimeter size.
Growth results During growth on the Si face of c-oriented SiC substrates a large number of sharp hexagonal hillocks was formed covering the entire growth surface of the AlN layer, see A and B in Fig. 2.
However, in the case of on-axis a-orientation we also observed a number of thermal etch pits appearing on the surface.

Besides, its high chemical activity promotes secondary hydration reaction, increasing the number of gel, making hydration products more even in the whole interface transition layer, so the property of concrete is improved.
In general due to the relatively small water-cement, concrete is close-grained, nanometer of rice husk ash and coal gangue mixed effects on concrete strength loss rate was not significant.
On the other hand in the rice husk ash nano SiO2 particle size small, its specific surface area and surface atomic number has increased dramatically, the surface atom ligand severity shortage, lead to a lot of suspension and unsaturated keys, make it in a larger thermodynamic instability state, namely has high activity, easily with Ca(OH)2 in the concrete to the secondary hydration reaction, generate produce strength of hydrated calcium silicate.
Based on these two aspects of reasons, when add rice husk ash in concrete, due to the ultrafine particles with high surface activity, leading to nanoscale mineral admixture or cement hydration products and a large number of bonding, or to nanoscale mineral admixtures for the crystal nucleus, hydrated calcium silicate gel phase from forming on the particle surface.

A variety of industrial by products and waste as well as a number of aluminosilicate raw materials have been used as the cementitious components in alkali-activated cements and concretes.
Table 5 Specimen design Test type Specimen size Groups Number of specimen Cube crushing strength test 150 mm×150 mm×150mm 12 3 Drying-wetting cycle test 100 mm×100 mm×100mm 8 3 Flexural-tensile strength test 100 mm×100 mm×400mm 4 6 Specimen production.
It has low activity and fine grain so that it reduces the continuity of the inorganic polymer network structure which affects the strength of the specimens.
Considering the microscopic structural characteristics, ordinary concrete specimen contains a large number of capillary channels so that the structure is not density enough.

Solid lubricants in this experiment included molybdenum MoS2 (325 mesh), graphite (200 mesh), and Al2O3 (ultra-fine grain), and the adhesive was epoxide resin.
In drilling(rotate speed: 320r/min, amount of feed: 0.20mm/r) test, the abrasion resistance is evaluated by the number of drill hole when a drill flank is abraded and the change of the coating in the drill rake face is observed by KYKY2800 scan electron microscope.
Fig. 8 shows the result of drilling test under different lubrication conditions. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Number of drill hole Complex coating 415 Cutting paste 305 Without coating 108 Fig. 8 Number of drill hole under different lubrication The service life of the drill bit with complex coating is nearly 1.3 times longer than that with cutting paste and nearly 3.8 times longer than that without coating under the same running conditions.

Thus, besides the requirements of grain size and shape, surface modification of nanometer calcium carbonate is necessary to adjust its surface hydrophobicity, to reduce its surface energy state, to enhance its its affinity with organic solvent, and improve the properties of composite material.
Fig.7 Effect of modification time on activity index 4 Modification mechanisms of nanometer calcium carbonate particles The IR spectrum chart of titanate coupling agents, non-modification nanometer calcium carbonate, modification nanometer calcium carbonate and the modification nanometer calcium carbonate rinsed several time by acetone are shown in Fig.8~Fig.11, respectively. 10 20 30 40 94 96 98 100 stirring speed£¬1400rpm Activity index(H),% Modification time£¬min 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 stirring speed:650rpm stirring speed:950rpm stirring speed:1440rpm Activity index(H),% Modification time£¬min 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 92 94 96 98 100 Activity index(H),% Modification temperature£¬¡æ In Fig. 8 wave number 2920.0 cm -1 and 2851.6 cm-1 are the assimilation band of CH3 and CH2 respectively.
Wave number 1734.9 cm-1 is the assimilation band of C=O.
Wave number 1178 cm -1 and 1110 cm-1 are the assimilation band of C-O.

From this result, our attempt to prepare the AC-MnO2-CNT composite materials was successful and the deposited MnO2 grains clumped together.
In reaction to the atmosphere slightly acidic and neutral atmosphere, ion MnO4- with +7 oxidation number would be reduced to MnO2 precipitate with oxidation number +4, while in a state of MnO4- alkaline ions would be reduced to manganate (MnO42-) which was described by the following reaction: 1) The reduction reaction MnO4- acidic condition: MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e MnO2 + 2H2O 2) The reduction reaction MnO4- neutral condition: MnO4- + 2H2O MnO2 + 4OH- 3) The reduction reaction MnO4- alkaline condition: MnO4- + 4OH- 4MnO42- + 2H2O +O2 This reaction has been evidenced from the XRD pattern of AC-MnO2-CNT composite that the presence of MnO2 has the greatest intensity was at the AC-MnO2-CNT composite in acidic conditions.
If the number of ions increases, the current flow in the cell also increases.

The grains of the abrasive cut through the indented surface layer compressing material onto the sides of the micro-cutting groove.
Volchannel = πrh x 10,600 μm x 56 particles (4) The number of 190 μm-diameter particles in a 10,600 μm x 10,600 μm machining area will be equal to: Number of particles on one side = 10,600 μm ÷ 190 μm = 56 particles Number of particles in the machining area = 56 x 56 = 3,136 particles (5) Eparticle=FT1.3  x S (T) 3,136 The downward thrust force, FT, is reported to be 30% higher than the cutting force [9,10] which enables cutting in the ductile mode.

It can be seen that as element number increasing, the stress at strain is gradually converged.
Acknowledgement This publication has emanated from research conducted with the financial supports of the Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council under grant number JCY20160608161000821 and the National Science Foundation Council under grant number 11872161.
Microtesting and Crystal Plasticity Modelling of IN718 Superalloy Grains. in 8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives. 2014.