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Increasing the time of mechanical activation leads to more fine-grained powders.
The flow of energy supplied to the powder particles is determined by the number of balls.
With increasing number of balls stream, the generated energy increases, the temperature increases with the frequency of collisions, this also leads to a more rapid grinding of the powder particles.
Acknowledgements This work was performed as part of State Task № 9.555.2014/K, with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and President Grant number МК-5445.2016.8.

Lomonodov observed twinning in steel ferrite grains in the depth of the material for more than 0.5mm below the surface after a laser pulse [3].
In 2008 the ultra-compact LPwC system (1.5m long and 30kg) was developed; this represents a significant milestone versus versatility, accessibility as well as reliability due to smaller number of parts reducing the operational and maintenance cost of the system.
Although the fatigue initiation resistance of an integral structure is considerably increased because the reduction of the number of fasteners (i.e. stress concentration points) the fail safe and damage tolerance behavior is reduced.
Large number of tests was carried out in Oxford University where a biaxial fretting fatigue test rig was developed for this specific configuration [36].
Kuroki, “Laser processing for reducing core loss of grain oriented silicon steel”, J. of Applied Physics, Vol. 53 (1982), 2410

Table 4 Grain size distribution of aggregates [mass%] Sieve size[mm] <0.16 0.16 0.315 0.63 1.25 2.5 5.0 10 16 19 26.5 Fine 100.0 98.8 91.2 64.6 35.8 17.8 7.0 Coarse 99.6 99.5 97.9 58.9 21.9 0.0 High-range water-reducing admixture.
Table 5 presents the details of 10 different concrete mixture proportions, here the plain concrete (Number 1, Sign O) without mineral admixture was acted as reference concrete.
Table 6 Properties of fresh concrete Number Sign Slump[mm] Density[kgm-3] air content [%] 1 O 212 2400 1.24 2 A1B2 215 2390 0.95 3 A2B1 223 2380 0.97 4 A3 212 2380 0.94 5 B3 225 2370 0.95 6 A2B2 223 2370 0.78 7 A1B3 215 2380 0.80 8 A3B1 217 2380 0.76 9 A4 230 2375 0.75 10 B4 232 2390 0.81 Strength of concrete specimens.
Table 7 Strength of concrete specimens Number Sign Flexure strength[MPa] Split tension strength[MPa] 7d 28d 90d 28d 1 O 4.35 5.87 6.19 2.70 2 A1B2 4.76 5.77 6.76 2.72 3 A2B1 4.33 5.29 5.89 2.89 4 A3 3.59 5.52 7.13 3.14 5 B3 4.92 6.39 7.19 3.78 6 A2B2 4.69 6.72 7.86 2.82 7 A1B3 4.74 6.41 7.38 3.53 8 A3B1 3.85 5.70 6.05 2.81 9 A4 3.50 4.98 6.24 3.33 10 B4 4.96 6.88 7.44 3.26 Flexure strength of concrete.
The cement dispersing mechanism makes available more cement grain surfaces to be accessible for the water, thus, early hydration is more complete [1,7].

Literature Review FSW produces a dynamically recrystallized grain structure in the nugget, which has reached near-solutionizing temperatures, before being "quenched" by the surrounding material back to room temperature at the completion of the weld.
PWAA can also be used to modify the distribution of precipitates in the final joint to influence strength and corrosion properties, and has been demonstrated to be beneficial for a number of alloy and temper combinations.
In addition, the propensity for abnormal grain growth, reported by many researchers in the nugget and TMAZ, discourages the use of solution heat treatment following FSW as a primary mode of improving its resistance to corrosion.
The two PWAA treatments performed comparably to or better than the parent material in FCP for both crack length vs. number of cycles and da/dN vs.
No. of Cycles Al-7075-T73 (0.125" thick) 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10 1.30 1.50 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 Number of Cycles Crack Length (in) 7075-T73_100 hrs@225F 7075_325_2hrs 7075_325_4Hrs 7075-Parent-01 7075-Parent-02 7075-Parent-03 Naturally Aged da/dN vs.

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) A, E0 δvc, δvt hj E90 Aeq δh nh G Bi t Ksf,i nsf,i δnsx,i δnsy,i p Kp-f np cross section and Young modulus parallel to grain of studs; vertical displacements at the two opposite ends of the shear wall due to the compression of the base timber joist and to the deformation of the hold-down connections subjected to tension, respectively; depth of the cross section of the base joist; Young modulus perpendicular to grain of the base timber joist; stud equivalent cross section; vertical displacement of a single hold-down connection stressed by a unitary vertical force; number of hold-down subjected to tension; sheathing shear modulus; width of the i-th segment of the shear wall; global thickness of the sheathing; stiffness of the single base shear connection; number of base shear connections in the i-th segment; horizontal displacement due to the deformation of nails between sheathing and
The various displacement contributions may be evaluated through the following relationships: (9) with (10) (11) with (12) (13) nn,h Kser,h1 Es l2 l3 l4 l5 l7 s ϕk ns Lh4 Lh5, Ah5 number of nails in the hold down; slip modulus per shear plane per fastener (if a wooden-based panel is interposed between the hold-down and the timber studs, it is necessary to consider both the slip modulus of the steel-to-panel connection and that of the panel-to-frame, by summing them in parallel); Young modulus of the steel; distance of the first nail row from the base; distance of the first nail row from the ribs weld; the distance of the first nail row from ribs; hold-down width; distance between the axis of the threaded rod and the vertical plate of the hold down; hold-down thickness; hole diameter at hold-down base; number of overlapping steel sheets forming the hold-down base; equivalent length of the hold-down

D= kλβcosθ (4) where D is the grain size of the crystal, λ is the wavelength of X-ray radiation (nm), K is the Scherer constant (0.9), β is FWHM (radians), and θ is the Bragg angle (radians).
C-S-H gel hydrates the permanent cement of C3S by filling the spaces between the tricalcium grains.
This is because CuONP can reduce the number of nano-sized pores in C-S-H while also strengthening the microstructure of the MTA/CuO cement composite.
The wave number at 1026 cm-1 is the Si-O-Cu absorption peak derived from the shift in the SiO2 absorption peak [30].
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, Republic of Indonesia, through a grant of Regular Fundamental Research (PFR), contract number 3152/UN1/DITLIT/DitLit/PT.01.03/2023 for financial support.

This will limit the number of suppliers and set focus on manufacturing method rather than an overall reliable system including the mechanical components and their joining.
In general one would expect higher yield-strength and higher tensile strength for forged components due to the reduced grain size [4] .
The FCC-structure is known for having a less steep increase in yield strength with decreasing grain size [6].
The number of tensile specimens was 21 for the “A”-series, and 7 for each of the other series in both bar dimensions.
The gasket ring dimensions were adopted from ASME B16.20 standard [18] and are valid for a groove number of R24.

The enhanced hydriding kinetics is principally ascribed to the refined grains by melt spinning.
The huge number of interfaces and grain boundaries available in the nanocrystalline Fig. 5 Hydrogen desorption curves of the as-cast and spun Mg20Ni7M3 (M=Co, Cu) alloys: (a) M=Co, (b) M=Cu materials provide easy pathways for hydrogen diffusion and accelerate the hydrogen absorbing/desorbing process [6].

A number of micropores distributed evenly (Fig. 1(b)) in the matrix of the outer layer.
As shown in the magnified image of the middle layer (Fig. 1(c)), the microstructure there was composed of closely packed equiaxed grains, the average size of which was less than 1 μm.
Small grey particles (Fig. 1(c), point 5) distributed along the grain boundaries.

TiO2 grain reunion was hindered, which maked the phase change activation energy increasing.
The increasing of the number of photogenerated-hole and hydroxyl radicals, so as to improve the efficiency of the photocatalytic reactions.
And grain size of TiO2 will become bigger after there times according to XRD spectrogram after roast.