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Organic electrosynthesis is a method of the sustainable development of green chemistry, owing to its distinct properties such as environmental friendly and mild reaction conditions which has become one of the important frontiers of chemical research.
The TiO2 nanotube electrode with a higher peak current may attribute to its special structure which is good for the adsorption the Ti (Ⅲ) species and reduction the oxalic acid.
In addition, the nanopores structure was good for adsorption of the electrogenerated Ti (Ⅲ) species and reduction of oxalic acid which can improve the electrochemical activity of the TiO2 nanotube electrode[19, 20].
Based on the results above, it is strongly suggested that the special surface structure change will benefit the application of the TiO2 nanotube electrode in organic electrosynthesis.

Modification of Unsaturated Polyester Resin by Methyl-α-Eleostearate-Maleic Anhydride Adduct Jinhua Zhoua, Ni Lib, Wenjie Mac, Jing Yangd and Hanzhou Sune* 1Applied Chemistry Institute, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China 2Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, 41004, China azjhwyx@126.com, b951277857@qq.com, c149775090@126.com, dyangjing0530@126.com, eeast0000000@126.com Keywords: Unsaturated polyester resin, Methyl-α-eleostearate-maleic anhydride adduct, Modification, Tung oil Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is one of the film-forming resins commonly used for preparation of coatings.
Fig. 1 Structural formula of MEMAA Methyl-α-eleostearate-maleic anhydride adduct (MEMAA) is the addition product of methyl-esterified Tung oil and maleic anhydride whose structure is shown in Fig. 1 [11].
Since MEMAA has the similar structure with UPR, they would have better compatibility.
For the impact fracture surface photo of common UPR film, characteristic microporous structure appears and the stripes arrange disorderly.

As reference point the (888) diffraction peak with Θ=59.6º was used for measurement of the (111)-oriented structures.
The liquid phase epitaxy technique provides a single crystalline film with perfect structure (high optical quality), large size (diameter two or three inch), suitable thickness (from 1-3 µm to more than 100 µm) and composition (high content of Bi3+ ions) that is important from point of view of this material practical using.
Blasse, Luminescence of Bi3+ in gallate garnets, Chemistry of Materials 6 (1994) 204-206
Nikl at al, Peculiarities of excited state structure and photoluminescence in Bi3+-doped Lu3Al5O12 single-crystalline films, J.

Andersson1,f and Anne Henry1,g * 1) Linköping University, Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, SE581 83 Linköping, Sweden 2) Inst. of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Research Center for Natural Sciences of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, H1121 Budapest, Hungary amihails.cubarovs@liu.se, bhenke@ifm.liu.se, chanho@ifm.liu.se, dmagnus.garbrecht@liu.se, eczigany@mfa.kfki.hu, fsvean@ifm.liu.se, ganne.henry@liu.se Keywords: Boron Nitride, CVD, hexagonal, rhombohedral, sp2, XRD, insulating Abstract.
The crystal structure of the layers was studied by (i) X-ray diffraction (XRD) in Bragg-Brentano geometry as well as in glancing incidence and Pole figures and (ii) High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) in a JEOL 3010 microscope or in a doubled-corrected and monochromated Titan3 60-300 microscope (both operated at 300 kV).
Pole figure measurements or investigation of asymmetric planes as the (102) for h-BN and (012) for r-BN reveal twinned structure of the r-BN films grown at optimal growth conditions [12].
Some imperfections of the sp2-BN structure are observed near the SiC interface, whereas good crystalline quality is seen in the bulk of part of the film (Fig.2).

Experimental Nano-sized TiC and TiN powders (purchased from Institute of Chengdu Organic Chemistry of Academia Sinica) were dispersed by ultrasonic device respectively, and then dispersion effect was observed through JEM-2000FXII transmission electron microscope (TEM).
There exists three kinds of hard phase grains in these cermets: one has a black core which is well known as the core-shell structure observed in conventional cermets, the second has a white core and the third has no obvious core.
On the contrary, when nano sized TiC are choosed, TiC particles have dissolved completely before liquid phase appears, due to high activity of nano powders, and subsequent dissolution and precipation of (Ti,W,Mo)(C,N) occurs around the solid–dissolved (Ti,W,Mo)(C,N), then form white core structure.
Mu: Nano Materials and Their Structure.

Strongly textured wustite grains with a clearly pronounced columnar structure were observed after oxidation at 1050°C.
Tertiary scale remains present to the end of hot rolling, and depending on steel chemistry and processing conditions; its properties have an important impact on the final surface quality.
Because phase constitution, structure and texture could be also related to the plastic/brittle scale behaviour the phases were identified by means of the EBSD technique optimizing the reflections in the structure files and the indexing parameters.
The grains observed in the oxide grain region are elongated and exhibit a columnar structure.
Two factors could influence its columnar structure.

Results and Discussion Crystalline structure.
The XRD scanning performed with a beam mask showed Cr matrix structure only which exhibits an amorphous structure as diffused maxima [5, 11].
Both of the chromium coatings deposited from the trivalent chromium bath with or without PEG show a nodular structure with uniform and compact growth grains as shown in Figures 2.
The nodular structure were built up by a great number of spheroids with different diameters.
Lee, The effects of pH and polyethylene glycol on the Cr(III) solution chemistry and electrodeposition of chromium, Surf.

Deep-lying structures have been sensed by varying applied load (2 nN).
Bone tissues consist of collagen as a basic structure supported by mineral element, calcium.
Fig. 12 reflects this explanation by showing 60% BG collagen with small swollen features rather than the fibrous structure.
Elastic modulus increase with indentation depth, indicating that superficial layer has more coherent structure than surface.
Oberleithner, Vacuolar structures can be identified by AFM elasticity mapping, Ultramicroscopy 107 (2007) 895-901

Metals are used as heterogeneous catalysts in a variety of reactions in chemistry.
Fullerene chemistry is an emerging field in which scientific community is engaged providing promising new applications every year.
Generally, the hybrid materials are synthesised and processed by using conventional soft chemistry based routes.
Yang, Chemistry and Physics of Semiconductor Nanowires, MRS Bulletin 30 (Feb. 2005) 85
Scherrer, Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing, Academic Press (1990) [135] H.

Mass Transport in Nanoalloys Studied by Atomistic Models Riccardo Ferrandoa Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry Department, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy aferrando@fisica.unige.it Keywords: silver, copper, nanoparticles, nanoalloys, diffusion Abstract.
In this structure, chemical ordering is close to the equilibrium chemical ordering.
Björneholm, Core­shell structure disclosed in self­ assembled cu­ag nanoalloy particles, J.
Brown, Ag­au nanoclusters: Structure and phase segre­ gation, Appl.
Ferrando, Tuning the structure of nanoparticles by small concentrations of impurities, Chem.